§55.
5.
Τὰ δ’ ἄλλα ὁκόσα ἀδένας ἔχει μοῦνον, οἷον ἔντερα, ἔχει γὰρ καὶ ταῦτα ἀδένας ἐς τὸ ἐπίπλοον μείζονας, τρίχας οὐκ ἔχει.
On the other hand, all the other parts that have only glands, such as the intestines—for these too have larger glands in the omentum—do not have hair.
Καὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖσι τέλμασι τῆς γῆς καὶ καθύγροισιν οὐ φύεται τὸ σπέρμα οὔτ’ ἐθέλει ἀναβαίνειν τῆς γῆς ἄνω, ἀλλ’ ἀποσήπεται καὶ ἀποπνίγεται τῇ πλεονεξίῃ· βιῆται γὰρ τὸ σπέρμα.
For indeed, in the marshes of the earth and in very wet places, seed does not grow, nor does it wish to rise up out of the earth, but it rots and is choked by the excess; for the seed is overpowered.
Βιῆται δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ἐντέροισιν ἡ πληθὺς καὶ τὸ ὑγρὸν πουλὺ, καὶ οὐκ ἂν φύσαι τρίχας.
And in the intestines too, the abundance and the great amount of moisture overpower, and would not produce hair.
Αἱ δὲ ἀδένες μείζονες ἤ κου ἄλλοθι τοῦ σώματος· καὶ νέμονται αἱ ἀδένες ἐν τοῖσιν ἐντέροισιν ἐκπιεζόμεναι τὸν πλάδον, τὰ δὲ ἔντερα ἐκ τῶν τευχέων ἐς τὰ ἐπίπλοα ἐκδέχεται καὶ καθίησι τὴν ὑγρασίην· τὸ δὲ ἐπίπλοον διαδιδοῖ τῇσιν ἀδένεσιν.
But the glands there are larger than anywhere else in the body; and the glands in the intestines feed themselves by squeezing out the excess moisture, while the intestines receive the moisture from the vessels and let it down into the omentum, and the omentum distributes it to the glands.
§66.
6.
Ἔχουσι δὲ καὶ οἱ νεφροὶ ἀδένας· καὶ γὰρ οὗτοι κορίσκονται πολλῆς ὑγρασίης·
The kidneys also have glands; for these too are saturated with much moisture.
μείζους δὲ αἱ ἀδένες ταύτῃ ἢ αἱ ἄλλαι ἀδένες ἐοῦσαι· οὐ γὰρ ἐμπίνεται τοῖσι νεφροῖσι τὸ ὑγρὸν τὸ ἐπιῤῥέον, ἀλλὰ διαῤῥέει ἐπὶ κύστιν κάτω, ὥστε ὅ τι ἂν ἀποκερδάνωσιν ἀπὸ τῶν ὀχετῶν, τοῦτο ἕλκουσι πρὸς σφέας.
The glands here are larger than the other glands; for the flowing moisture is not absorbed by the kidneys, but flows down into the bladder, so that whatever they can gain from the channels, they draw to themselves.
§77.
7.
Καὶ ἄλλαι δέ εἰσιν ἐν τῷ σώματι ἀδένες σμικραὶ καὶ πάνυ, ἀλλ’ οὐ βούλομαι ἀποπλανᾷν τὸν λόγον· ἐς γὰρ τὰς ἐπικαίρους ἡ γραφή.
There are also other very small glands in the body, but I do not wish to divert the discourse; for the writing is concerned with the essential ones.
Νῦν δὲ ἀναβήσομαι τῷ λόγῳ, καὶ ἐρέω περὶ ἀδένων οὐλομελίης τραχήλου·
Now I shall return to my discourse, and speak of the glands of the whole neck.
τράχηλος τὰ μέρεα αὐτοῦ ἑκάτερα ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ἀδένας ἔχει, καὶ παρίσθμια καλέονται αἱ ἀδένες αὗται·
The neck has glands on each of its sides, here and there, and these glands are called tonsils.
χρείη τοιήδε· ἡ κεφαλὴ ὑπέρκειται ἄνω κοίλη ἐοῦσα καὶ περιφερὴς καὶ πλήρης τῆς περὶ αὐτὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄλλου σώματος ὑγρασίης·
Their function is as follows: the head lies above, being hollow and spherical, and full of the moisture that rises around it from the rest of the body.
καὶ ἅμα ἀναπέμπει τὸ σῶμα ἀτμοὺς ἐς τὴν κεφαλὴν παντοίους ἄνω, οὓς αὖθις ἡ κεφαλὴ ὀπίσω ἀφίησιν·
And at the same time, the body sends up all kinds of vapors to the head, which the head again releases back down.
οὐ γὰρ δύναται ἐμμένειν τὸ ἐπιῤῥέον οὐκ ἔχον ἔνθα ἔδρην, ἢν μὴ τὴν κεφαλὴν πονέῃ, τότε οὐκ ἀνίησιν, ἀλλ’ αὐτοῦ κρατέει·
For the flowing moisture cannot remain if it has no seat, unless the head should suffer, in which case it does not release it, but holds it there.
ἐπὴν δὲ ἀνῇ τὴν ἕλξιν ἐς τὰς ἀδένας, ἡ ῥοὴ γίνεται, καὶ οὐδὲν λυπέει τὸ ῥεῦμα, ἔστ’ ἂν ὀλίγον τε ᾖ καὶ ξύμμετρον καὶ ἐγκρατέες ἔωσιν αἱ ἀδένες·
But when it relaxes its pull into the glands, the flow occurs, and the current causes no pain as long as it is small and moderate, and the glands control it.
ἢν γὰρ πουλὺ ἐπιῤῥυῇ δριμὺ, ἢν μὲν ᾖ δριμὺ καὶ κολλῶδες, φλεγμαίνει καὶ ἀνοιδίσκεται καὶ ξυντείνει ὁ τράχηλος, καὶ οὕτω προΐει ἐς οὖς· κἢν μὲν ἐς ἑκάτερα τὰ μέρεα, ἑκάτερον· ἢν δὲ ἐς θάτερον, πονέει θάτερον·
For if a large and acrid flow should run in, and if it is acrid and sticky, the neck becomes inflamed, swells up, and is tense, and thus it proceeds to the ear; and if it goes to both sides, each hurts, but if to one, that one hurts.
ἢν δὲ ᾖ φλεγματῶδες καὶ πουλὺ καὶ ἀργὸν ἡ ῥοὴ, φλεγμαίνει δὲ καὶ ὧδε· καὶ ἡ φλεγμονὴ, στάσιμον ἐὸν ὑγρὸν, χοιράδες ἐγγίνονται·
But if the flow is phlegmatic, abundant, and stagnant, it also becomes inflamed in this way; and from this inflammation, the moisture being stagnant, scrofulous tumors arise.
αὗται χείρους αἱ νοῦσοι τραχήλου.
These are the worse diseases of the neck.
§88.
8.
Μασχάλῃσι δὲ ξυῤῥέει μὲν καὶ ἐνταῦθα, ἀλλ’ ὅταν πλῆθος ᾖ, δριμεῖς ἰχῶρες, καὶ ὧδε γίνονται φύματα.
In the armpits too, moisture flows together, but when there is an abundance, they become acrid ichors, and thus swellings arise.
Κατὰ ταὐτὰ καὶ ἐν τοῖσι βουβῶσιν ἕλκει τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ὑπερκειμένων ὑγρασίην ἡ ἀδήν· ἄλλως εἰ πλῆθος λάβοι, βουβωνοῦται καὶ διαπυΐσκεται καὶ φλεγμαίνει ἰκέλως μασχάλῃσί τε καὶ τραχήλῳ·
In the same way also in the groins, the gland draws the moisture from the parts lying above; on the other hand, if it should receive an abundance, it swells in the groin, suppurates, and becomes inflamed in a similar way to the armpits and the neck.
τὰ δ’ αὐτά οἱ δοκέει παρέχειν ἀγαθὰ καὶ κακά.
It seems to afford the same benefits and evils.
Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἀμφὶ τῶνδε.
And these things are so concerning them.
§99.
9.
Τὰ δὲ ἔντερα ἔχει κόρον πουλὺν ἀπό τε σιτίων καὶ ποτῶν· ἔχει δὲ καὶ τὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ δέρματος ὑγρασίην·
The intestines have a great excess from food and drink, and they also have the moisture from the skin.
αὕτη πᾶσα ἀπαναισιμοῦται ἰκέλη τῆς πρόσθεν·
All of this is consumed in a similar way to the former.
νούσους δὲ οὐ ποιεῖ τὰ πολλὰ, ὅκως περ καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ἄρθροισι γίνεται·
But it does not for the most part cause diseases, just as also happens in the joints.
συχναὶ γάρ τοι ἀδένες καὶ ἀναπετέες, καὶ οὐ κοῖλαι, καὶ οὐ πουλὺ πλῆθος ἐπαυρισκόμεναι ἡ ἑτέρη τῆς ἑτέρης, ἐπεὶ μᾶλλον πλεονεκτεῖν ἐθέλουσα οὐδὲ μίη τότε πλῆθος ἔχειν δύναται, ἀλλ’ ὀλίγον ἑκάστη ξυῤῥέον ἐς τὸ ἄρθρον ἐς πολλὰ διαιρεόμενον· ἰσότης ἐστὶν αὐτέῃσιν.
For indeed, the glands are numerous and open, and not hollow, and they do not receive a great abundance, one from another; since, although each rather wishes to have the advantage, none of them is able to have an abundance then, but each receives a small amount flowing together into the joint, which is divided into many parts; there is equality among them.