§1010.
10.
Ἡ κεφαλὴ καὶ αὕτη τὰς ἀδένας ἔχει, τὸν ἐγκέφαλον ἴκελον ἀδένι·
The head also itself has glands, namely the brain, which is like a gland.
ἐγκέφαλος γὰρ καὶ λευκὸς καὶ ψαφαρὸς, ὅκως περ καὶ ἀδένες, καὶ ταὐτὰ ἀγαθὰ τῇσιν ἀδέσι ποιεῖ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐοῦσαν, διὰ τὰ εἰρημένα μοι, τιμωρέων ὁ ἐγκέφαλος ἀποστερέει τὴν ὑγρασίην, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς ἐσχατιὰς ἔξω ἀποστέλλει τὸ πλέον ἀπὸ τῶν ῥοῶν.
For the brain is both white and friable, just like glands, and it performs the same beneficial functions for the head in which it is, for the reasons I have mentioned; the brain, by aiding it, deprives it of moisture, and sends the greater part of the flows outward to the extremities.
Μείζων δ’ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος τῶν ἄλλων ἀδένων, καὶ αἱ τρίχες μείζους ἢ αἱ ἄλλαι τρίχες· μείζων τε γὰρ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος καὶ ἐν εὐρυχωρίῃ κέεται τῇ κεφαλῇ.
The brain is larger than the other glands, and the hair on the head is larger than other hair; for the brain is larger and lies in a spacious place in the head.
§1111.
11.
Ποιέει δὲ νούσους καὶ ἥσσονας καὶ μείζονας ἢ αἱ ἄλλαι ἀδένες· ποιέει δὲ, ὁκόταν ἐς τὰ κάτω τοῦ σώματος τὴν σφετέρην πλεονεξίην ἀποστείλῃ.
It also produces both lesser and greater diseases than the other glands; and it produces them whenever it sends its own excess to the lower parts of the body.
Ῥόοι δὲ ἀπὸ κεφαλῆς ἕως ἀποκρίσιος, δι’ ὤτων κατὰ φύσιν, δι’ ὀφθαλμῶν, διὰ ῥινῶν· τρεῖς οὗτοι· καὶ ἄλλοι δι’ ὑπερώης ἐς φάρυγγα, ἐς στόμαχον· ἄλλοι διὰ φλεβῶν ἐπὶ νωτιαῖον, ἐς τὰ ἰσχία, οἱ πάντες ἑπτά.
The flows from the head until discharge are: naturally through the ears, through the eyes, and through the nostrils—these are three; and others through the palate into the pharynx and into the stomach; and others through the veins to the spinal cord and into the hips—in all, seven.
§1212.
12.
Οὗτοι τοῦ τε ἐγκεφάλου λύματά εἰσιν ἀπιόντες· καὶ εἰ μὴ ἀπίοιεν, νοῦσος αὐτέῳ.
These, as they depart, are the waste products of the brain; and if they should not depart, it is a disease for it.
Οὕτω δὲ καὶ τῷ ἄλλῳ σώματι, ἢν ἐς τὰ ἔνδον ἀπίωσι καὶ μὴ ἔξω, καὶ αὐτοῖς ὄχλος πουλὺς, κἀνδόθεν ἑλκοῖ, καὶ δριμὺ μὲν εἰ πρόοιτο ὁ ἐγκέφαλος ῥεῦμα, τὰς ἐπιῤῥοὰς ἐσθίει καὶ ἑλκοῖ·
So too for the rest of the body, if they should go inwards and not outwards, there is great trouble for them, and it causes ulceration from within.
καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐπιὸν ἢν ᾖ πλῆθος κατιὸν ἅλις, οὐκ ἀνέχει ὁ ῥόος, ἔστ’ ἂν ἐσαρύηται τὴν πληθὺν τοῦ κατιόντος· καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐπιῤῥέον ἀποπέμπων ἔξω, ἕτερον δὲ ἐσδεχόμενος, ἐς τὸ ὅμοιον αἰεὶ καθιστάμενος· τά τε ὕγρὰ ἕλκει καὶ ποιέει νούσους.
And if the brain should discharge an acrid flux, it ruins and ulcerates the parts where it flows; and if the incoming fluid flowing down is sufficient in quantity, the channel does not hold it, until the abundance of what flows down is swept out; and sending the flowing-in out while receiving another, always establishing itself in the same state, it draws the liquids and produces diseases.
Ἄμφω δὲ ἐν ἀκηδίῃ καταγυιοῖ τὴν φύσιν· καὶ ἢν πάθῃ, δυ’ ἐστὸν κακία·
Both states exhaust the nature in distress; and if it suffers, there are two evils.
τὰ μὲν γὰρ πάθη τῆς φύσεως, οἱ προειρημένοι ῥόοι δυσφορέουσι τὸ πλῆθος, καὶ ὀδάξονται τὸ ἄλογον καὶ οὐ ξύνηθες ὄν· ὁ δὲ ἐγκέφαλος πῆμα ἴσχει καὶ αὐτὸς οὐχ ὑγιαίνων·
For as for the sufferings of nature, the aforementioned flows are hard to bear because of the abundance, and they cause irritation because it is something irrational and unusual; and the brain itself, not being healthy, suffers harm.
ἀλλ’ εἰ μὲν δάκνοιτο, τάραχον πουλὺν ἴσχει, καὶ ὁ νόος ἀφραίνει, καὶ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος σπᾶται καὶ ἕλκει τὸν ὅλον ἄνθρωπον, ἐνίοτε δ’ οὐ φωνέει καὶ πνίγεται, ἀποπληξίη τῷ πάθει τοὔνομα.
But if it should be irritated, it experiences great disturbance, and the mind becomes delirious, and the brain is convulsed and draws the whole man, and sometimes he becomes speechless and is choked—apoplexy is the name of this affection.
Ἄλλοτε δὲ δριμὺ μὲν οὐ ποιέει αὐτὸ τὸ ῥεῦμα, πλῆθος δ’ ὂν τὸ ἐμπεσὸν, πονέει τοῦτο, καὶ ἡ γνώμη ταράττεται, καὶ περίεισιν ἀλλοῖα φρονῶν καὶ ἀλλοῖα ὁρέων· φέρων τὸ ἦθος τῆς νούσου σεσηρόσι μειδιήμασι καὶ ἀλλοκότοισι φαντάσμασιν.
At other times, the flux itself does not become acrid, but being abundant when it falls in, it causes pain, and the mind is disturbed, and he goes about thinking other things and seeing other things, bearing the character of the disease with grinning smiles and strange phantoms.
§1313.
13.
Ἄλλος ῥόος ἐπ’ ὀφθαλμοὺς, ὀφθαλμίαι, καὶ οἰδέουσιν αἱ ὄψεις.
Another flow is to the eyes, causing ophthalmia, and the eyes swell.
Εἰ δὲ ἐπὶ ῥῖνας ὁ κατάῤῥους, ὀδάξονται μυκτῆρας, καὶ ἄλλο οὐδὲν δεινόν· αἵ τε γὰρ ὁδοὶ τουτέων εὐρέες καὶ ἱκαναὶ τιμωρέειν σφίσιν· πρὸς δὲ καὶ ἀσύστροφον τὸ ἀπιὸν αὐτέησι.
But if the catarrh is to the nostrils, they irritate the nostrils, and there is nothing else terrible; for the passages of these are wide and sufficient to help themselves, and besides, what departs through them does not coagulate.
Τὰ δὲ οὔατα σκολιὸς μὲν πόρος καὶ στεινός· ὁ δ’ ἐγκέφαλος πλησίον αὐτέου αὐτοῖσιν ἐμπιέζεται·
But as for the ears, the passage is tortuous and narrow, and the brain, being near them, presses upon them.
νοσέων δὲ τὴν νοῦσον ταύτην, τὰ πολλὰ ἀποκρίνει κατὰ τὸ οὖς ἀπὸ τῆς πυκινῆς ῥοῆς ἀνὰ χρόνον, ὤρισταί τε, καὶ ῥέει δυσῶδες πῦον.
And when one suffers from this disease, for the most part the brain secretes through the ear from the thick flow over time, and a discharge is formed, and fetid pus flows.
Οὕτως ἐς τὰ ἔξω δῆλοι τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ ῥόοι καὶ οὐ πάμπαν θανατώδεες.
Thus, the flows to the outside are visible to the eye and not altogether fatal.