§1## ΠΕΡΙ ΑΔΕΝΩΝ.
1.
## ON GLANDS 1.
Περὶ δὲ ἀδένων οὐλομελίης ὧδε ἔχει.
Regarding the glands of the whole body, the situation is as follows.
Φύσις μὲν αὐτέῃσι σπογγώδης, ἀραιαὶ μὲν καὶ πίονες, καὶ ἔστιν οὔτε σαρκία ἴκελα τῷ ἄλλῳ σώματι, οὔτε ἄλλο τι ὅμοιον τῷ σώματι, ἀλλὰ ψαφαρὰ καὶ φλέβας ἔχει συχνάς· εἰ δὲ διατάμοις, αἱμοῤῥαγίη λάβρος·
Their nature is spongy, porous, and fatty, and they are neither little pieces of flesh similar to the rest of the body, nor like anything else in the body, but crumbly and containing numerous vessels; and if you cut through them, there is violent hemorrhaging.
τὸ εἶδος λευκαὶ καὶ οἷον φλέγμα, ἐπαφομένῳ δὲ οἷον εἴρια·
In appearance they are white and like phlegm, and to the touch they are like wool.
κἢν ἐργάσῃ τοῖς δακτύλοις ἐπιπουλὺ βιησάμενος, ἡ ἀδὴν ὑγρὸν ἀφίησιν ἐλαιῶδες, καὶ αὐτὴ θρύπτεται πολλὰ καὶ ἐξαπόλλυται.
And if you work them with your fingers, pressing hard, the gland releases an oily fluid, and it is itself crushed into many pieces and destroyed.
§22.
2.
Πονέουσι δὲ οὐ κάρτα, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἄλλῳ σώματι, ἐπὴν πονέωσι δὲ, ἢ δι’ ἰδίην νοῦσον· παῦρα δὲ καὶ τῷ σώματι ξυμπονέουσιν.
They do not suffer very much on their own, but rather in connection with the rest of the body; but when they do suffer, it is either due to their own disease, or, in a few cases, they also suffer in sympathy with the body.
Αἱ νοῦσοι φύματα γίνονται, καὶ χοιράδες ἀναπηδῶσι, καὶ πῦρ ἔχει τὸ σῶμα·
Their diseases become swellings, and scrofulous tumors spring up, and fever grips the body.
πάσχουσι δὲ ταῦτα, ἐπὴν ὑγρασίης πληρωθῶσι τῆς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἄλλου σώματος ἐπιῤῥεούσης εἰς αὐτάς·
They suffer these things when they are filled with moisture that flows into them from the rest of the body.
ἐπιῤῥέει δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ἄλλου σώματος διὰ τῶν φλεβῶν, αἳ δι’ αὐτῶν τέτανται πολλαὶ καὶ κοῖλαι, ὥστε ἀκολουθεῖν τὸ ὑγρὸν ὅ τι ἂν ἕλκωσιν εὐπετέως ἐς αὐτάς·
This flows from the rest of the body through the vessels, which are stretched through them, many and hollow, so that whatever moisture they draw follows easily into them.
κἢν πουλὺ ἔῃ καὶ νοσῶδες ἡ ῥοὴ, ξυντείνουσιν αἱ ἀδένες ἐπὶ σφᾶς τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα· οὕτω πυρετὸς ἐξάπτεται, καὶ ἀείρονται καὶ φλογῶσιν αἱ ἀδένες.
And if the flow is abundant and diseased, the glands draw the rest of the body toward themselves; thus fever is kindled, and the glands swell and become inflamed.
§33.
3.
Ἀδένες δὲ ὕπεισιν ἐν τῷ σώματι πλείους ἢ μείζους ἐν τοῖσι κοίλοισιν αὐτέου καὶ ἐν τοῖσιν ἄρθροισι, καὶ ὁκόσα ἐν τοῖσιν ἄλλοισιν ὑγρηδὸν, καὶ κατὰ τὰ αἱματώδεα χωρία·
Glands exist in the body, more numerous or larger in its cavities and in the joints, and wherever among the other parts there is moisture, and along the bloody regions.
αἱ μὲν ὡς τὸ ἐπιῤῥέον ἄνωθεν ἐς τὰ κοῖλα ἐπιδεχόμεναι ἐπὶ σφέας ἕλκωσιν, αἱ δὲ ὥστε τὴν αὖθις γινομένην ὑπὸ τῶν πόνων ὑγρασίην ἐκδεχόμεναι, ἐξαρύωσι τὴν πληθὺν, ἥντινα μεθίησι τὰ ἄρθρα.
Some of them, so as to receive what flows from above into the cavities, draw it to themselves; others, receiving the moisture that arises in turn from exertions, draw off the abundance which the joints discharge.
Οὕτω πλάδος οὐκ ἔνι ἐν τῷ σώματι· εἰ γάρ τι καὶ γίνοιτο παραυτίκα, οὐκ ἂν ἐπιγίνοιτο πλάδος ὀπίσω· καταναισιμοῦται γὰρ καὶ τὸ πουλὺ καὶ τὸ ὀλίγον ἐς τὰς ἀὃένας.
Thus there is no excess of moisture in the body; for even if some should arise momentarily, no excess of moisture would follow afterward; for both the large and the small amount is consumed into the glands.
§44.
4.
Καὶ οὕτω τὴν πλεονεξίην τοῦ ἄλλου σώματος αἱ ἀδένες κέρδος ποιεύμεναι, τροφὴ ξύντροφος αὐτέῃσίν ἐστιν·
And thus, making a profit of the excess of the rest of the body, this becomes a natural nourishment for them.
ὥστε ὅκου τελματώδεα, ἐκεὶ καὶ ἀδένες·
Consequently, wherever there are marshy parts, there also are glands.
σημεῖον, ὅκου ἀδὴν, ἐκεῖ καὶ τρίχες·
A sign of this: wherever there is a gland, there also is hair.
ἡ γὰρ φύσις ποιέει ἀδένας καὶ τρίχας, ἄμφω χρέος τωὐτὸ λαμβάνουσιν, αἱ μὲν ἐς τὸ ἐπιῤῥέον, ὡς καὶ ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται· αἱ δὲ τρίχες τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδένων ἐπικαιρίην ἔχουσαι· φύονταί τε καὶ αὔξονται, ἀναλεγόμεναι τό τε περισσὸν καὶ ἐκβρασσόμενον ἐπὶ τὰς ἐσχατιάς.
For nature produces glands and hair, both performing the same function: the glands for the flowing moisture, as has been said before; while the hair, having its opportune utility from the glands, grows and increases, gathering up the excess that is expelled to the extremities.
Ὅκου δὲ αὖον ἐὸν τὸ σῶμα, οὗτε ἀδὴν οὔτε θρίξ· τὰ δὲ ἁπαλὰ καὶ πονεύμενα καὶ κάθυγρα, ἀδὴν ὧδε καὶ τρίχες·
But where the body is dry, there is neither gland nor hair; on the other hand, where parts are soft, subject to exertion, and very moist, there are glands and hair.
ἀδένες δὲ καὶ κατὰ τοῖν οὐάτοιν ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ἑκατέρωθεν κατὰ τὰς σφαγὰς τοῦ τραχήλου, τρίχες τε ἐνταῦθα ἑκατέρωθεν· ἐπὶ ταῖς μασχάλῃσιν ἀδένες καὶ τρίχες· βουβῶνες καὶ ἐπίσειον ἰκέλως μασχάλῃσιν, ἀδὴν καὶ τρίχες.
Glands are also near the ears, here and there on both sides along the jugular parts of the neck, and hair is also there on both sides; under the armpits there are glands and hair; the groins and the pubes are similar to the armpits, having glands and hair.
Ταῦτα μὲν κοῖλα τῶν ἐν τῷ σώματι καὶ ῥηΐδια ἐς περιουσίην ὑγροῦ· καὶ γὰρ πονέει ταῦτα καὶ κινέεται μάλιστα τῶν ἐν τῷ σώματι.
These parts of the body are hollow and well-suited for receiving an abundance of moisture; for they also suffer and move the most of all parts in the body.