§22Διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ οἱ μὴ χρονίως ποιούμενοι τὰς ἀφιδρώσεις εὐΐδρωτες ὅτι τῶν μὲν ἀνεῳγμένοι τῶν δὲ συμμεμυκότες οἱ πόροι διὰ τὸ μὴ χρῆσθαι.
For because of this, those who do not go long intervals between sweating are also prone to sweat, because the pores of the former are open, while those of the latter are closed up through disuse.
Συμβαίνει δὲ τοῦτο καταπεπεμμένης τῆς τροφῆς διὰ τὴν αὐτὴν αἰτίαν· οἱ δὲ κακῶς ἔχοντες καὶ μὴ πεπεμμένην τὴν τροφὴν τῷ πλήθει τῆς ὑγρότητος εὐΐδρωτες, διότι οὔτʼ ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν οὔθʼ ὡσαύτως.
And this happens when food is completely digested for the same reason; but those who are in bad condition and have undigested food are prone to sweat due to the abundance of moisture, because it is neither from the same sources nor in the same way.
Ἀλλʼ ἐκεῖνοι μὲν μετὰ πόνου καὶ ἀεὶ τὸ σύμμετρον ἀφαιροῦντες οὗτοι δὲ καὶ αὐτομάτως καὶ ὡς ἂν τύχῃ καὶ τὸ ὅλον ἀεὶ περιττώματος ἔχοντες πλῆθος.
For the former do so with exertion and always carry away a moderate amount, whereas the latter do so both spontaneously and at random, and as a whole always have an abundance of residue.
§23Δοκοῦσι δέ τινες καὶ ἐν τῷ χειμῶνι μᾶλλον εὐΐδρωτες ἢ ἐν τῷ θέρει εἶναι μὴ τὰς ὑπερβολὰς ἑκατέρου λαμβανόντων οἷον ψύχους τε καὶ καύματος, — ἡ μὲν γὰρ οἷον ῥῖγος ἂν ποιήσειεν, ἡ δὲ τοῦ καύματος σύντηξιν, — ἀλλὰ τὸ μέσον ἐν ἑκατέρῳ.
Some people seem to be more prone to sweat in winter than in summer, if we do not take the excesses of either, such as extreme cold and heat—for the former would produce a chill, and the latter, the excess of heat, a wasting away—but the moderate state in each.
Τὴν δʼ αἰτίαν ταύτην ὑποληπτέον, εἴπερ ἀληθὲς, ὅτι ἡ μὲν ξηρὰ τῶν ὑγρῶν, ἡ δὲ ψυχρὰ ἀντιπερίστασίν τινα τοῦ θερμοῦ ποιεῖ καὶ κατάστασιν.
If this is true, we must assume the cause to be this: that the former [summer] dries up moisture, while the latter [winter] being cold produces a certain antiperistasis of heat and its settling.
Ὁ δὲ ἱδρὼς ἐξ ἀμφοῖν τοῦ μὲν ὡς ποιοῦντος τοῦ δὲ ὡς πάσχοντος.
And sweat arises from both of these, the one as the active agent, the other as the passive element.
Ἔτι δὲ τοῦ θέρους καὶ διαιτήσονται τὸ πολὺ τοῦ ὑγροῦ.
Furthermore, during summer they also expend most of the moisture.
§24Διότι δὲ καὶ τὰ ἄνω μᾶλλον ἱδρῶσι τρόπον τινὰ φανερόν· καὶ γὰρ τὸ ὑγρὸν καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ θερμὸν ἐνταῦθα μᾶλλον, ἐξ ὧν καὶ διʼ ὧν ὁ ἱδρώς.
Why the upper parts of the body also sweat more is in a way clear; for the moisture, the breath, and the heat are present there to a greater degree, from which and through which sweat is produced.
§25Καὶ ὅτι οὐ ποιοῦντες ἀλλ' ὅταν τέχοντες τὸ πνεῦμα, ἀλλʼ ὅταν ἀνῶσιν, ἐν τούτοις ἡ αἰτία· πονούντων μὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ πνεύματος αἱ φλέβες ἐμφυσώμεναι συμμύειν ποιοῦσι τοὺς πόρους, παυσαμένων δὲ συνίζουσιν, ὥστε διʼ εὐρυτέρων καθάπερ ἀνεῳγμένων μᾶλλον ἐξέρχεται τὸ ὑγρόν.
And that they sweat not while exerting themselves but when holding their breath, or rather when they release it, the cause lies in these factors: for when they exert themselves, the veins being inflated by the breath cause the pores to close, but when they stop, they collapse, so that the moisture goes out more through wider and as it were opened passages.
Καὶ ἡ κάθεξις δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος πληροῖ τὰς φλέβας ὥστε κωλύει ἐξιέναι καθάπερ τὸ ὕδωρ· τὸ ἐκ τῶν κλεψύδρων ὅταν γε πλήρεις οὔσας τις ἐπιλάβῃ, ὅταν δʼ ἀφεθῇ τότʼ ἐξέρχεται μηδενὸς ἐμφράττοντος.
And the retention of breath also fills the veins, so that it prevents the moisture from going out, just like water: the water from clepsydras, when someone plugs them when they are full, but when it is released, then it goes out, since nothing blocks it.
§26Ἔπειτα δὲ ἡἀπόκρισις ἡ ὑπὸ τῆς θερμότητος γινομένη τοῦ ὑγροῦ πνεύματος διὰ τῶν πόρων ἐξάγεται πρὸς τὸ ἐπιπολῆς· ὅταν δὲ παύσηται πονῶν ἥ τε θερμότης ἅμα λήγει καὶ ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος ἀποψυχομένου γίνεται ὑγρότης ὁ καλούμενος ἱδρὼς, ὥστε καὶ πλεῖον καὶ ῥᾷον ἐκπίπτειν.
Secondly, the secretion of the moisture and breath produced by heat is led through the pores to the surface; but when one stops exerting oneself, the heat also ceases at the same time, and from the cooling breath arises the moisture called sweat, so that it flows out both more abundantly and more easily.
§27Μετὰ δὲ τοὺς δρόμους καὶ τοὺς πόνους ἐν τῇ σκιᾷ μᾶλλον ἱδροῦσιν ἢ ἐν τῷ ἡλίῳ διὰ τὸ τὸν ἥλιον ἀναξηραίνειν καὶ πυκνοῦν τοὺς πόρους· ὅλως γὰρ οὔτε πολὺ τὸ θερμὸν ἄγαν οὔτε ὀλίγον δεῖ τὸ ἐκτὸς εἶναι· τὸ μὲν γὰρ οὐ κινεῖ τὸ δʼ ἀναξηραίνει.
After running and exertions, people sweat more in the shade than in the sun, because the sun dries up and condenses the pores; for in general, the external heat must be neither too much nor too little; for the latter does not move the moisture, while the former dries it up.
§28Διὸ καὶ εἴ τις ἄγαν ἐγγὺς ἵσταται τοῦ πυρὸς ἧττον ἂν ἰδίσειεν, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀλειπτηρίοις ἐὰν μὲν εὐθὺς ποιήσῃ τις πολὺ πῦρ ἧττον ἱδρώσειεν, ἐὰν δʼ ὕστερον εἰσενέγκῃ μᾶλλον· προοδοποιουμένου μὲν γὰρ καὶ παρορμῶντος τοῦ σώματος συνερχεῖ καὶ τὸ ἐπεισελθὸν, ἐκεῖνο δʼ οὐ δύναται τὸ πλεῖον διʼ ἀσθένειαν.
Therefore, also, if someone stands too close to the fire, they would sweat less; and in the dressing rooms, if someone makes a big fire immediately, they would sweat less, but if they bring it in later, they would sweat more; for when the body has had its path prepared and is stimulated, that which enters later also flows in together, whereas the other cannot bear the greater heat due to weakness.
§29Ταὐτὸ δέ πως καὶ τοῖς διῃρημένοις καὶ ὅτι τρέχοντες ἧττον ἱδρῶσιν ἢ παυσάμενοι· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἥ τε τοῦ πνεύματος κάθεξις καὶ ἡ τοῦ ἀέρος κίνησις κωλύει· ποιεῖ μὲν γὰρ οἷον μον αὐτὸς αὑτῷ.
The same thing applies in a way to the cases just distinguished, and to the fact that those who run sweat less than those who have stopped; for in the former case, both the retention of breath and the movement of the air prevent it; for the runner makes as it were a wind for himself.
Παυσαμένου δὲ καὶ στάντος ἀμφότερα θήγει καὶ οὐθὲν κωλύει· §30οἱ δὲ τὰ κάτω μέρη τοῦ σώματος θερμῷ ὕδατι ἐμβαλόντες οὐχ ἱδρῶσιν ὅτι κωλύει τὸ ὕδωρ τὴν τῆξιν· ὁ δὲ ἱδρὼς τῆξίς τίς ἐστι τῶν οἷον κακῶς προσῳκοδομημένων ταῖς σαρξὶν ὅταν ἐκκρίνηται διὰ τὸ θερμόν.
But when he has stopped and stands, both cease and nothing prevents it; and those who immerse the lower parts of the body in hot water do not sweat, because the water prevents the melting; for sweat is a certain melting of things that are, as it were, poorly attached to the flesh, when it is secreted because of heat.