§31Οἱ δὲ γυμναζόμενοι διαλιπόντες τὸ τρέχειν ἢ παλαίειν μᾶλλον ἱδροῦσιν ἢ ἐὰν συνεχῶς, ὅτι συναθροίζεται διαπαυομένων ἡ ὑγρότης.
On the other hand, those who exercise with intervals in running or wrestling sweat more than if they do so continuously, because the moisture accumulates when they pause.
Εἶτα ταύτην ἐξάγει ὕστερον ἡ πάλη καὶ ὁ δρόμος· ἡ δὲ συνεχὴς ἀναξηραίνει καθάπερ ὁ ἥλιος καὶ τὰ πνεύματα.
Then later, wrestling and running expel this moisture; but continuous exercise dries it up, just like the sun and winds.
§32Διότι μᾶλλον ἱδροῦσι τὰ ὄπισθεν τῶν ἔμπροσθεν, καίτοι θερμότης καὶ ὑγρότης πλείων ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν ὅτι διά τε τὴν πάλην καὶ τὴν τρίψιν ἧττον κωλύεται καὶ διάτασις ἐκ τῶν ἄνω μᾶλλον· ὅτι ὅπου πόνος ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἱδρώς.
Why do they sweat more on their back parts than their front parts, although there is more heat and moisture in the front parts? Because sweating is less prevented owing to wrestling and rubbing, and the tension from the upper parts is greater; and because where there is exertion, there is sweat.
Ἅμα δὲ καὶ ἡ διάτασις τοῦ πνεύματος ἐξωθεῖ μᾶλλον, ὥσθʼ ὅταν ἀνεθῇ πλεῖον καὶ ἀθροωτέρως ἐκεῖθεν.
At the same time, the tension of the breath also pushes it out more, so that when it is released, more moisture flows from there and more copiously.
§33Τὸ δὲ πρόσωπον μάλισθʼ ἱδρῶσιν ἀσαρκότερον ὂν καὶ ἥκιστα πονοῦν ὅτι καὶ ἡ κεφαλὴ ὑγρὰ καὶ μανή·
They sweat most on the face, although it is less fleshy and exerts itself least, because the head is moist and porous.
ὑγρότητος δὲ καὶ μανότητος ἄλλα τε πολλὰ σημεῖα καὶ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος καὶ ἡ τριχῶν ἔκφυσις, ὁ μὲν τὸ ὑγρὸν αἱ δὲ τὸ μανὸν ἀποδηλοῦσαι, διὸ καὶ πρῶτον καὶ μάλισθʼ ἱδρῶσι τὸ μετῶπον· τοῦτο γὰρ ὑπὸ τὸν ἐγκέφαλον.
There are many other signs of moisture and porosity, namely the brain and the growth of hair, the former showing the moisture and the latter showing the porosity; for this reason they sweat first and most on the forehead, for this is under the brain.
Ἕτι δʼ ἡ τοῦ πνεύματος κάθεξις διατείνεταί πως εἰς τὴν κεφαλήν.
Furthermore, the holding of breath also extends in some way to the head.
§34Ὅτι δὲ τὰς χεῖρας τρίβοντες μάλισθʼ ἱδροῦσιν ἂν τἆλλα ὁμοιοσχημονῶσιν κατὰ συμβεβηκός πως τὴν αἰτίαν ληπτέον.
As for why they sweat most when rubbing their hands, even if they keep the rest of their body in a similar posture, the cause must be understood as in a way accidental.
Ἰσχύουσι γὰρ μάλιστα τῶ τόπῳ· τὸ γὰρ πνεῦμα τούτῳ κατέχουσι τῷ ἐγγυτάτῳ τοῦ ἰσχύοντος·
For they exert strength mostly in that part; for they hold their breath in this part which is closest to where they exert strength.
πονοῦντες δὲ μᾶλλον ἰσχύουσιν· οὕτω δʼ ἔχοντες τὸ πνεῦμα μᾶλλον κατέχουσιν.
And when exerting effort, they exert more strength, and being in this state they hold their breath more.
Εἶτα καὶ τῇ χειρὶ τριβομένῃ συμπονοῦμεν μᾶλλον ἢ ὅταν ἄλλο τι μέρος τριβώμεθα· τῇ γὰρ καθέξει τοῦ πνεύματος καὶ τριβόμενοι γυμναζόμεθα καὶ τρίβοντες διὸ καὶ μᾶλλον ἱδροῦμεν.
Next, when the hand is rubbed, we participate in the effort more than when some other part of us is rubbed; for by holding the breath we are exercised both when being rubbed and when rubbing, which is why we sweat more.
§35Καὶ ὅταν τοὺς πόδας καὶ τὰς κνήμας ἐν τῷ ὕδατι ἔχωσιν ἧττον ἱδροῦσιν ἢ ὅταν τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα διὰ τὰ προειρημένα· κωλύει γὰρ τὸ ὕδωρ τὸν ἱδρῶτα καὶ ὅτι διαθερμαινομένων τούτων καὶ τὰ ἄνω συνθερμαίνεται· οἱ δʼ ἱδρῶτες ὅπου θερμὸν καὶ ὑγρόν.
And when they have their feet and legs in water, they sweat less than when they have the rest of their body in it, for the reasons already mentioned; for the water prevents sweat, and because when these are warmed through, the upper parts are also warmed along with them; and sweats occur where there is heat and moisture.
§36Ἄτοπον δʼ ὅτι οἱ ἀγωνιῶντες τοὺς πόδας ἱδρῶσι, τὸ δὲ πρόσωπον οὔ.
It is strange that those who are anxious sweat on their feet, but not on their face.
Καίτοι μᾶλλον εὔλογον τὸ μάλισθʼ ἱδρωτικὸν καὶ μὴ τὸ ἥκιστα.
And yet it is more reasonable that the part most prone to sweat should do so, and not the least.
Τὸ δ' αἴτιον ὅτι ἡ ἀγωνία ἐστὶν οὐ μετάαὔξησις καθάπερ ἐν τῷ θυμῷ· καὶ γὰρ ὁ θυμὸς ζέσις τοῦ περὶ τὴν καρδίαν θερμοῦ· καὶ ἀγωνιῶντες δὲ οὐ διὰ φόβον τοῦτο πάσχουσιν ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ μᾶλλον ἐκθερμαίνεσθαι.
The cause is that anxiety is not accompanied by a further increase of heat as in anger; for anger is a boiling of the heat around the heart; and those who are anxious suffer this not through fear, but because they are heated up more.
§37Διὸ τὸ μὲν πρόσωπον ἐξέρυθροι γίνονται, ξηραίνει γὰρ ἡ θερμότης ἐπιπολάζουσα τὸ ἐν τῷ προσώπῳ ὑγρὸν τὸ δʼ ἐν τοῖς ποσὶ συντήκει διὰ τὸ ἐλάττω μὲν εἶναι ὥστε ξηρᾶναι πλείω δὲ τῆς ἐμφύτου καὶ προϋπαρχούσης.
Therefore, as for their face, they become flushed, for the heat rising to the surface dries up the moisture in the face; but the heat melts the moisture in the feet, because the heat there is too small to dry it up, but the moisture is more than the innate and pre-existing amount.
§38Ἐνίοις δʼ ἱδροῦσιν ἂν ψυχθῶσιν ἢ πνεύματι ἢ ὕδατι συμβαίνει ναυτιᾶν οὐκ ἀλόγως· καὶ ὅτι τὸ ὑγρὸν ψυχθὲν ἀθρόον ἔστη πρότερον οὐκ ἠρεμοῦν, καὶ ὅτι τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ διιὸν ἔξω καὶ γινόμενον ἱδρὼς διὰ τὴν ψύξιν, τοῦτο ἔσω ψυχθὲν πρὶν ἐξελθεῖν ὑγρὸν ἐγένετο καὶ προσπεσὸν τῷ ἀναπνευστικῷ τόπῳ ποιεῖ τὴν ναυτίαν.
In some people, if they are cooled by wind or water while sweating, nausea occurs, not without reason; both because the moisture, having been cooled, suddenly came to a standstill whereas before it was not at rest, and because the breath which was passing outwards and would become sweat through cooling, having been cooled inside before coming out, became liquid, and falling upon the respiratory region, causes nausea.
§39Οἱ δʼ ἐν ἱματίῳ δρόμοι καὶ ἱδρῶτες καὶ ἐλαίου ἀλείψεις εἰς ἱμάτιον ἄχρους ποιοῦσι διότι ἡ εὔχροια γίνεται διʼ εὔπνοιαν, ἡ δʼ ἄχροια διὰ τὴν κατάπνιξιν·
Running and sweating in a cloak, and applications of oil under a cloak, make people pale; because a healthy color is produced by free ventilation, whereas paleness is produced by suffocation.
συνθερμαινόμενον γὰρ καὶ μὴ διαψυχόμενον τὸ ἐπιπολῆς ὑγρὸν ἄχροιαν ποιεῖ.
For the surface moisture, being heated along with the body and not being cooled, causes paleness.
Τοῦτο δὲ συμβαίνει καὶ ἐκ τῶν δρόμων καὶ ἐκ τῆς ὑπαλείψεως· οἱ δὲ γυμνοὶ δρόμοι διὰ τοὐναντίον εὔ̔ χροιαν· καταψύχει γὰρ ὁ ἀὴρ τὰς συνισταμένας ἐκκρίσεις καὶ διαπνεῖ.
And this happens both from running in a cloak and from anointing under garments; whereas running naked, for the opposite reason, produces a healthy color; for the air cools the accumulating secretions and disperses them.
§40Ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὕπνοις οἱ ἱδρῶτες μᾶλλον ἢ ἐγρηγορόσιν ὅτι ὑγρότατα καὶ θερμότατα πάντα διὰ τὴν ἀντιπερίστασιν· ἐξ ἀμφοῖν δὲ τούτοιν ἱδρὼς ὥσπερ εἴρηται πολλάκις.
Also during sleep, sweats occur more than to those who are awake, because everything is wettest and warmest due to antiperistasis; and sweat arises from both of these, as has often been said.