§A.20_col1## ἡ φιλανθρωπία. τῆς φιλανθρωπίας ἐστὶν εἴδη τρία· ἓν μὲν διὰ τῆς προσηγορίας γινόμενον, οἷον ἐν ᾧ τινες τὸν ἐντυχόντα πάντα προσαγορεύουσι καὶ τὴν δεξιὰν ἐμβάλλοντες χαιρετίζουσιν· ἄλλο εἶδος, ὅταν τις βοηθητικὸς ᾖ παντὶ τῷ ἀτυχοῦντι· ἕτερον εἶδός ἐστι τῆς φιλανθρωπίας, ἐν ᾧ τινες φιλοδειπνισταί εἰσι.
Philanthropy.There are three kinds of philanthropy: one that comes about through greeting, as when people address everyone they meet and greet them by stretching out their right hand; another kind is when someone is helpful to everyone who is unfortunate; another kind of philanthropy is when people are fond of hosting banquets.
τῆς ἄρα φιλανθρωπίας τὸ μέν ἐστι διὰ τοῦ προσαγορεύειν, τὸ δὲ διὰ τοῦ εὐεργετεῖν, τὸ δὲ διὰ τοῦ ἑστιᾶν καὶ φιλοσυνουσιάζειν. §A.21_col1## Ἡ εὐδαιμονία. ἡ εὐδαιμονία διαιρεῖται εἰς πέντε μέρη· ἡ μὲν γὰρ αὐτῆς ἐστιν εὐβουλία, ἕτερον δὲ εὐαισθησία καὶ ὑγεία τοῦ σώματος, τρίτον εὐτυχία ἐν ταῖς πράξεσι, τέταρτον εὐδοξία παρὰ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, πέμπτον εὐπορία χρημάτων καὶ τῶν εἰς τὸν βίον χρησίμων. | ἡ μὲν οὖν εὐβουλία γίνεται ἐκ παιδείας καὶ ἐκ τοῦ πολλῶν ἔμπειρον γενέσθαι.
Therefore, of philanthropy, one is through greeting, one through doing good, and one through hosting and loving companionship. Happiness.Happiness is divided into five parts: for one of them is good counsel, another is good perception and health of the body, third is good fortune in actions, fourth is a good reputation among men, and fifth is abundance of money and things useful for life.| Now, good counsel comes from education and from becoming experienced in many things.
ἡ δὲ εὐαισθησία ἐκ τῶν τοῦ σώματος μερῶν· οἷον ἐάν τις ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρᾷ καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀκούῃ καὶ τῇ ῥινὶ καὶ τῷ στόματι αἰσθάνηται ὧν δεῖ αἰσθάνεσθαι· τὸ δὲ τοιοῦτον εὐαισθησία.
Good perception comes from the parts of the body, as for example if one sees with the eyes, hears with the ears, and perceives with the nose and mouth what one ought to perceive; and such a thing is good perception.
ἡ δὲ εὐτυχία, ὅταν ἐφ’ ἃ σκοπεῖ πράξῃ κατορθῶν ἃ δεῖ πράττειν τὸν σπουδαῖον· εὐδοξία δέ ἐστιν ὅταν τις εὖ ἀκούῃ.
Good fortune is when, in what one aims at, one succeeds in accomplishing what a good person ought to do; and a good reputation is when one hears well of oneself.
εὐπορία δέ ἐστιν, ὅταν τις πρὸς τὰς ἐν τῷ βίῳ χρήσεις οὕτως ἔχῃ, ὥστε καὶ φίλους εὗ ποιῆσαι καὶ φιλοτίμως καὶ εὐπόρως ἀπολειτουργῆσαι.
Abundance is when one is so situated in relation to the uses in life as to do good to friends and to perform public services both honorably and abundantly.
ᾧ δὲ ὑπάρχει πάντα ταῦτα, οὗτός ἐστιν εὐδαίμων τελέως.
He to whom all these belong is perfectly happy.
τῆς ἄρα εὐδαιμονίας ἐστὶ τὸ μὲν εὐβουλία, τὸ δὲ εὐαισθησία καὶ ὑγεία τοῦ σώματος, τὸ δὲ εὐτυχία, τὸ δὲ εὐδοξία, τὸ δὲ εὐπορία. §A.22_col1## αἱ τέχναι — αἱ ἐπιστῆμαι. αἱ τέχναι εἰς τρία διαιροῦνται· ἡ μὲν πρώτη, ἡ δὲ δευτέρα, ἡ δὲ τρίτη.
Therefore, of happiness, some is good counsel, some is good perception and health of the body, some is good fortune, some is a good reputation, and some is abundance. Crafts — Sciences.Crafts are divided into three: the first, the second, and the third.
πρώτη μὲν οὖν ἡ μεταλλευτικὴ καὶ ὑλοτομική· παρασκευαστικαὶ γάρ εἰσιν.
First, then, are mining and woodcutting; for they are preparatory.
ἡ δὲ χαλκευτικὴ καὶ ἡ τεκτονικὴ μετασχηματικτικαί εἰσιν· ἐκ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ σιδήρου ἡ χαλκευτικὴ ὅπλα ποιεῖ, ἡ δὲ τεκτονικὴ ἐκ τῶν ξύλων αὐλοὺς καὶ λύρας.
Smithing and carpentry are transformative; for smithing makes weapons from iron, and carpentry makes flutes and lyres from wood.
ἡ δὲ χρηστική οἷον ἱππική τοῖς χαλινοῖς χρῆται· ἡ πολεμικὴ τοῖς ὅπλοις· ἡ μουσικὴ τοῖς αὐλοῖς καὶ τῇ λύρᾳ.
Utilizing crafts, for example, horsemanship uses bridles, the craft of war uses weapons, and music uses flutes and the lyre.
τῆς τέχνης ἄρα τρία εἴδη ἐστί· τὸ μέν τι πρῶτον, τὸ δέ τι δεύτερον, τὸ δέ τι τρίτον. §A.53_col2## αἱ τέχναι — αἱ ἐπιστῆμαι. διαιροῦνται αἱ ἐπιστῆμαι [τῶν πρώτων καὶ τῶν δευ τερῶν] εἰς τρία· εἰσὶ γὰρ αὐτῶν αἱ μὲν πρῶται, αἱ δὲ δεύτεραι, αἱ δὲ τρίται.
Therefore, there are three kinds of craft: some first, some second, and some third. Crafts — Sciences.Sciences are divided into three: for of them, some are first, some second, and some third.
πρῶτον μὲν οὖν εἰσὶν αἱ παρασκευαστικαί τε καὶ μεταλλευτικαὶ καὶ ὑλοτομικαὶ καὶ λιθοτομικαί, δεύτεραι δὲ αἵ τε ποιητικαὶ καὶ μετασχηματιστικαί, οἷον ἡ μὲν χαλκευτικὴ τὸν σίδηρον παραλαβοῦσα μετεσχημάτισε καὶ ἐποίησε χάλινοὺς καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα, ἡ δὲ τεκτονικὴ τὴν ὕλην παραλαβοῦσα μετεσχημάτισε καὶ ἐποίησεν αὐλοὺς καὶ πλοῖα καὶ οἴκους καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα, ἡ δὲ λιθουργικὴ τοὺς λίθους παραλαβοῦσα μετεσχημάτισε καὶ ἐποίησε τείχη καὶ οἰκίας καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα.
First, then, are the preparatory, mining, woodcutting, and stonecutting sciences; second are the productive and transformative ones, as for example smithing, having received iron, transforms it and makes bridles, weapons, and suchlike, and carpentry, having received the material, transforms it and makes flutes, ships, houses, and suchlike, and stonemasonry, having received stones, transforms them and makes walls, houses, and suchlike.
πάλιν αἱ τρίται· ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἱππικὴ παραλαβοῦσα τὸν χαλινὸν ἐχρήσατο καλῶς καὶ ἡ πολεμικὴ τὰ ὅπλα καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τοιούτων, καὶ πάλιν ἡ αὐλητικὴ παραλαβοῦσα τοὺς αὐλοὺς ἐχρήσατο καλῶς καὶ ἡ κυβερνητικὴ τοὺς οἴακας παραλαβοῦσα καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τοιούτων.
Again, the third: for horsemanship, having received the bridle, uses it well, and the craft of war uses weapons, and so on with such things; and again, flute-playing, having received the flutes, uses them well, and piloting, having received the rudders, and so on with the other such things.