§A.44_col2## ἡ εὐεργεσία.
## Beneficence.
διαιρεῖται ἡ εὐεργεσία εἰς τέσσαρα· ἔστι γὰρ αὐτῆς ἓν μὲν λόγῳ εὐεργετεῖν, ἓν δὲ δι’ ἐπιστήμης καὶ τεχνῶν, ἓν δὲ εἰς ἀργυρίου λόγον καὶ ἓν διὰ σωμάτων.
Beneficence is divided into four: for of it, one is to benefit by word, one through knowledge and crafts, one in terms of money, and one through bodies.
διὰ λόγων οὖν εὐεργετοῦσιν οἱ συνηγοροῦντες καὶ συνδικάζοντες καὶ ἐγκωμιάζοντες καὶ οἱ τοιοῦτοι, δι’ ἐπιστήμης δὲ καὶ τέχνης οἱ παιδεύοντες καὶ ἰατρεύοντες καὶ οἱ 〈τὰ〉 πρὸς τὸν βίον χρήσιμα δημιουργοῦντες, εἰς ἀργυρίου δὲ λόγον οἱ προιστάμενοι τῆς [εἰς] ἀργυρίου χρείας, διὰ τῶν σωμάτων δὲ εὐεργετοῦσιν οἱ ἀμύνοντες καὶ βοηθοῦντες 〈τυπτομένοις καὶ〉 ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις συμπτώμασι.
Therefore, those benefit through words who act as advocates, judges, and eulogizers, and suchlike; and through knowledge and craft, those who educate, heal, and produce things useful for life; and in terms of money, those who manage the need for money; and through their bodies, those benefit who defend and help [those being beaten and] in such misfortunes.
§A.18_col1## τὸ τέλος τῶν πραγμάτων — αἱ αἰτίαι.
## The end of things — the causes.
διαιρεῖται τὸ τέλος τῶν πραγμάτων εἰς τέτταρα εἴδη· ἓν μὲν κατὰ νόμον τέλος τὰ πράγματα λαμβάνει, ὅταν ψήφισμα γένηται καὶ τοῦθ’ ὁ νόμος τελέσῃ· κατὰ φύσιν δὲ τέλος τὰ πράγματα λβάνει,βάνει, 〈οἷον〉 ἥ τε ἡμέρα καὶ ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς καὶ αἱ ὧραι. κατὰ τέχνην δὲ τέλος τὰ πράγματα λαμβάνει, οἷον ἡ οἰκοδομική. οἰκίαν γὰρ [τις] ἐπιτελεῖ· καὶ ἡ ναυπηγική· πλοῖα γάρ. | κατὰ τύχην δὲ γίνεται τοῖς πράγμασι τέλος, ὅταν ἄλλως καὶ μὴ ὡς ὑπολαμβάνει τις ἀποβαίνῃ.
The end of things is divided into four kinds: one, things receive an end according to law, when a decree is made and the law accomplishes this; and things receive an end according to nature, such as the day, the year, and the seasons; and things receive an end according to craft, as for example the craft of building; for one completes a house; and the craft of shipbuilding; for [one completes] ships; | and an end comes to things according to chance, when it turns out otherwise and not as one supposes.
τοῦ τέλους ἄρα τῶν πραγμάτων τὸ μὲν κατὰ νόμον, τὸ δὲ κατὰ φύσιν, τὸ δὲ κατὰ τέχνην, τὸ δὲ κατὰ τύχην ἐστίν.
Therefore, of the end of things, some is according to law, some according to nature, some according to craft, and some according to chance.
§A.48_col2## τὸ τέλος τῶν πραγμάτων — αἱ αἰτίαι.
## The end of things — the causes.
ἕκαστον τῶν ὄντων ἀποτελεῖται διὰ τέσσαρας αἰτίας· ἢ γὰρ διὰ [τὸ περὶ χρηστὴν ὑπάρχειν ἀπρόσδεκτον] τύχην ἢ δι’ ἐπιστήμην ἢ διὰ φύσιν ἢ διὰ βίαν καὶ ἀνάγκην.
Each of the things that exist is brought to completion through four causes: either through chance, or through knowledge, or through nature, or through force and necessity.
τὰ μὲν διὰ τύχην ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου καὶ ἄνευ προνοίας ἀποτελούμενον, τὰ δὲ δι’ ἐπιστήμην αἵ τε οἰκίαι καὶ αἱ νῆες καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα, τὰ δὲ διὰ φύσιν, οἷον οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ τὰ δένδρα καὶ τὰ ζῷα πάντα, διὰ δὲ βίαν καὶ ἀνάγκην, οἷον αἱ τῶν ἀλόγων ζῴων δαμάσεις καὶ αἱ κρατήσεις καὶ δεσποτεῖαι καὶ τυραννίδες καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα.
Those through chance are what is completed of itself and without foresight; and those through knowledge are houses and ships and all such things; and those through nature are, for example, humans, trees, and all animals; and those through force and necessity are, for example, the taming of irrational animals, conquests, masteries, tyrannies, and suchlike.
§A.19_col1## ἡ δύναμις.
## Power.
ἡ δύναμις διαιρεῖται εἰς τέτταρα εἴδη· ἓν μὲν ὃ δυνάμεθα τῇ διανοίᾳ, 〈οἷον〉 λογίζεσθαι καὶ ὑπονοεῖν· ἕτερον δὲ τῷ σώματι, οἷον πορεύεσθαι καὶ διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα· τρίτον ὃ δυνάμεθα πλήθει στρατιωτῶν καὶ χρημάτων, ὅθεν καλεῖται πολλὴν δύναμιν ἔχων βασιλεύς· τετάρτη δὲ διαίρεσις δυνάμεως πάσχειν καὶ ποιεῖν εὗ καὶ κακῶς· οἷον ἀρρωστεῖν καὶ παιδεύεσθαι δυνάμεθα καὶ ὑγιεῖς γίνεσθαι καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα.
Power is divided into four kinds: one, what we are able to do with the mind, such as to reason and to suspect; and another with the body, such as to walk, to give, to receive, and suchlike; third, what we can do by a multitude of soldiers and money, whence a king is said to have great power; and the fourth division of power is to suffer and to do, both well and poorly, as for example we are able to fall ill, to be educated, to become healthy, and all such things.
τῆς ἄρα δυνάμεως ἡ μέν ἐστιν ἐν διανοίᾳ, ἡ δὲ ἐν τῷ σώματι, ἡ δὲ ἐν στρατοπέδῳ καὶ χρήμασιν, ἡ δὲ ἐν τῷ ποιεῖν καὶ πάσχειν.
Therefore, of power, some is in the mind, some in the body, some in the army and money, and some in doing and suffering.
§A.33_col2## ἡ δύναμις.
## Power.
διαιρεῖται ἡ δύναμις εἰς πέντε· ἔστι γὰρ αὐτῆς ἓν μὲν ἐν ψυχῇ, ἓν δὲ ἐν σώματι, ἓν δὲ ἐν ταῖς πράξεσιν, ἓν δὲ ἐν ἐνίοις τῶν μὴ ὄντων, ἓν δὲ ἐν τῷ παθεῖν ἢ ποιῆσαι.
Power is divided into five: for of it, one is in the soul, one in the body, one in actions, one in some of the things that do not exist, and one in suffering or doing.
ἐν ψυχῇ μὲν ἃ μανθάνομεν καὶ διανοούμεθα, ἐν σώματι δὲ οἷον αἵ τε κινήσεις καὶ αἱ ἄλλαι δυνάμεις, καθ’ ἃς πράττειν τι [ἐν] τῷ σώματι δυνάμεθα, ἐν δὲ ταῖς πράξεσιν οἷον αἱ στρατιωτικαὶ δυνάμεις· λέγεται γὰρ μεγάλην ἔχειν δύναμιν, ὅταν χρήματα καὶ στρατιῶται πολλοὶ συνηθροισμένοι ὦσι. τῶν δὲ μὴ ὄντων ἐν ἐνίοις ὅσα δυνατά ἐστι γενέσθαι ἢ ποιηθῆναι· ἐν δὲ τῷ παθεῖν ἢ ποιῆσαι, ὅσα δυνατά ἐστιν ἀναιρεῖν ἢ ἀναιρεθῆναι.
In the soul is what we learn and think; and in the body, such as movements and other powers according to which we are able to do something with the body; and in actions, such as military powers; for one is said to have great power when much money and many soldiers are gathered together; and in some of the things that do not exist, as many as are capable of coming to be or being made; and in suffering or doing, as many as are capable of destroying or being destroyed.