Humanitext Reader

Plato · Gorgias §514

Proving Skill and Success Before Entering Public Life

Passage 45 of 53 · Greek

Summary

Socrates argues that before engaging in public politics aimed at making citizens better, one must prove they have adequate training and success in private practice, using the analogies of building and medicine.

§514ΣΩ. ἆρʼ οὖν οὕτως ἐπιχειρητέον ἡμῖν ἐστιν τῇ πόλει καὶ τοῖς πολίταις θεραπεύειν, ὡς βελτίστους αὐτοὺς τοὺς πολίτας ποιοῦντας;
SOCRATES: Should we, then, attempt to care for the city and the citizens in this way, by making the citizens themselves as good as possible?
ἄνευ γὰρ δὴ τούτου, ὡς ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν ηὑρίσκομεν, οὐδὲν ὄφελος ἄλλην εὐεργεσίαν οὐδεμίαν προσφέρειν, ἐὰν μὴ καλὴ κἀγαθὴ ἡ διάνοια ᾖ τῶν μελλόντων ἢ χρήματα πολλὰ λαμβάνειν ἢ ἀρχήν τινων ἢ ἄλλην δύναμιν ἡντινοῦν.
For without this, as we found in what went before, there is no use in offering any other benefit, unless the mind of those who are to receive either much money or rule over some people or any other power whatsoever be noble and good.
φῶμεν οὕτως ἔχειν;
Shall we say this is so?
ΚΑΛ. πάνυ γε, εἴ σοι ἥδιον.
CALLICLES: Quite so, if it is more pleasing to you.
ΣΩ. εἰ οὖν παρεκαλοῦμεν ἀλλήλους, ὦ Καλλίκλεις, δημοσίᾳ πράξοντες τῶν πολιτικῶν πραγμάτων ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκοδομικά, ἢ τειχῶν ἢ νεωρίων ἢ ἱερῶν ἐπὶ τὰ μέγιστα οἰκοδομήματα, πότερον ἔδει ἂν ἡμᾶς σκέψασθαι ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐξετάσαι πρῶτον μὲν εἰ ἐπιστάμεθα τὴν τέχνην ἢ οὐκ ἐπιστάμεθα, τὴν οἰκοδομικήν, καὶ παρὰ τοῦ ἐμάθομεν;
SOCRATES: If, then, we were encouraging one another, Callicles, to engage in public affairs on the side of building—either of walls, or shipyards, or temples, up to the greatest buildings—would we have needed to examine ourselves and inspect first whether we know the art or do not know it, namely building, and from whom we learned it?
ἔδει ἂν ἢ οὔ;
Would we have needed to or not?
ΚΑΛ. πάνυ γε.
CALLICLES: Quite so.
ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν δεύτερον αὖ τόδε, εἴ τι πώποτε οἰκοδόμημα ᾠκοδομήκαμεν ἰδίᾳ ἢ τῶν φίλων τινὶ ἢ ἡμέτερον αὐτῶν, καὶ τοῦτο τὸ οἰκοδόμημα καλὸν ἢ αἰσχρόν ἐστιν· καὶ εἰ μὲν ηὑρίσκομεν σκοπούμενοι διδασκάλους τε ἡμῶν ἀγαθοὺς καὶ ἐλλογίμους γεγονότας καὶ οἰκοδομήματα πολλὰ μὲν καὶ καλὰ μετὰ τῶν διδασκάλων ᾠκοδομημένα ἡμῖν, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἴδια ἡμῶν ἐπειδὴ τῶν διδασκάλων ἀπηλλάγημεν, οὕτω μὲν διακειμένων, νοῦν ἐχόντων ἦν ἂν ἰέναι ἐπὶ τὰ δημόσια ἔργα· εἰ δὲ μήτε διδάσκαλον εἴχομεν ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιδεῖξαι οἰκοδομήματά τε ἢ μηδὲν ἢ πολλὰ καὶ μηδενὸς ἄξια, οὕτω δὴ ἀνόητον ἦν δήπου ἐπιχειρεῖν τοῖς δημοσίοις ἔργοις καὶ παρακαλεῖν ἀλλήλους ἐπʼ αὐτά.
SOCRATES: Therefore, secondly, this also: whether we have ever built any building privately, either for one of our friends or for ourselves, and whether this building is fine or shameful; and if, on examination, we found that our teachers had been good and reputable, and that many fine buildings had been built by us with our teachers, and many also privately by ourselves after we parted from our teachers—if we were so circumstanced, it would be the part of sensible men to go on to public works; but if we had neither any teacher of ourselves to point out, nor any buildings at all, or else many but of no worth, in that case indeed it would surely be foolish to attempt public works and to exhort one another to them.
φῶμεν ταῦτα ὀρθῶς λέγεσθαι ἢ οὔ;
Shall we say that these things are said correctly or not?
ΚΑΛ. πάνυ γε.
CALLICLES: Quite so.
ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν οὕτω πάντα, τά τε ἄλλα κἂν εἰ ἐπιχειρήσαντες δημοσιεύειν παρεκαλοῦμεν ἀλλήλους ὡς ἱκανοὶ ἰατροὶ ὄντες, ἐπεσκεψάμεθα δήπου ἂν ἐγώ τε σὲ καὶ σὺ ἐμέ, φέρε πρὸς θεῶν, αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Σωκράτης πῶς ἔχει τὸ σῶμα πρὸς ὑγίειαν;
SOCRATES: Therefore, is it so with everything else? And if we were exhorting one another to practice publicly, having made an attempt as if we were competent physicians, we would surely have examined, I you and you me: "Come, by the gods, how does Socrates himself stand in regard to bodily health?
ἢ ἤδη τις ἄλλος διὰ Σωκράτην ἀπηλλάγη νόσου, ἢ δοῦλος ἢ ἐλεύθερος; κἂν ἐγὼ οἶμαι περὶ σοῦ ἕτερα τοιαῦτα ἐσκόπουν·
Or has anyone else already been freed from disease through Socrates, whether slave or free man?" And I, I think, would have examined other such things about you.
καὶ εἰ μὴ ηὑρίσκομεν διʼ ἡμᾶς μηδένα βελτίω γεγονότα τὸ σῶμα, μήτε τῶν ξένων μήτε τῶν ἀστῶν, μήτε ἄνδρα μήτε γυναῖκα, πρὸς Διός, ὦ Καλλίκλεις, οὐ καταγέλαστον ἂν ἦν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, εἰς τοσοῦτον ἀνοίας ἐλθεῖν ἀνθρώπους, ὥστε, πρὶν ἰδιωτεύοντας πολλὰ μὲν ὅπως ἐτύχομεν ποιῆσαι, πολλὰ δὲ κατορθῶσαι καὶ γυμνάσασθαι ἱκανῶς τὴν τέχνην, τὸ λεγόμενον δὴ τοῦτο ἐν τῷ πίθῳ τὴν κεραμείαν ἐπιχειρεῖν μανθάνειν, καὶ αὐτούς τε δημοσιεύειν ἐπιχειρεῖν καὶ ἄλλους τοιούτους παρακαλεῖν;
And if we did not find that anyone had become better in body through us, whether of strangers or citizens, whether man or woman, by Zeus, Callicles, would it not have been truly ridiculous for men to reach such a pitch of folly that, before having practiced much in private just as it happened, and having succeeded in many things and trained sufficiently in the art—doing what is called "learning pottery on a jar"—they should attempt to practice publicly themselves and exhort others of the same sort to do so?
οὐκ ἀνόητόν σοι δοκεῖ ἂν εἶναι οὕτω πράττειν;
Does it not seem to you that it would be foolish to act in this way?
ΚΑΛ. ἔμοιγε.
CALLICLES: To me, at least.

Notes

  1. ¦514a¦ποιοῦντας — The participle ποιοῦντας (accusative plural masculine) agrees with the implied subject (accusative ἡμᾶς) of the infinitive θεραπεύειν, despite the presence of the dative of agent ἡμῖν with the verbal adjective ἐπιχειρητέον ἐστιν. This is a common construct where the subject of an infinitive is treated as an accusative.
  2. ¦514c¦νοῦν ἐχόντων ἦν ἂν ἰέναι — νοῦν ἐχόντων is a genitive plural participle, functioning here as a predicate genitive ("it would be characteristic of sensible men to...") or modifying an implied genitive pronoun (ἡμῶν) in a genitive absolute. ἦν ἂν forms the apodosis of a contrafactual conditional.
  3. ¦514c¦ἀνόητον ἦν δήπου — The imperfect ἦν in the contrafactual apodosis lacks the particle ἄν. In impersonal expressions involving adjectives of obligation, possibility, propriety, or foolishness (here ἀνόητον "foolish"), ἄν is frequently omitted to emphasize the objective certainty of the state under those hypothetical conditions.
  4. ¦514e¦τὸ λεγόμενον δὴ τοῦτο ἐν τῷ πίθῳ τὴν κεραμείαν ἐπιχειρεῖν μανθάνειν — the phrase τὸ λεγόμενον δὴ τοῦτο is an adverbial accusative (accusative of inner object / apposition) meaning "as the saying goes." The phrase ἐν τῷ πίθῳ τὴν κεραμείαν ... μανθάνειν is a well-known ancient Greek proverb referring to the foolishness of trying to learn a craft by starting with a massive and difficult task (such as making a large jar, or pithos) before mastering the basic skills on smaller vessels.

Cite this passage

Plato, Gorgias §514. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg023.humanitext-grc2:514

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.