§73ΦΑΙΔ. τοῦτο δὲ ἀδύνατον, εἰ μὴ ἦν που ἡμῖν ἡ ψυχὴ πρὶν ἐν τῷδε τῷ ἀνθρωπίνῳ εἴδει γενέσθαι· ὥστε καὶ ταύτῃ ἀθάνατον ἡ ψυχή τι ἔοικεν εἶναι. ἀλλά, ὦ Κέβης, ἔφη ὁ Σιμμίας ὑπολαβών, ποῖαι τούτων αἱ ἀποδείξεις;
"And this is impossible, unless our soul was somewhere before it came to be in this human form; so that in this way too the soul seems to be something immortal." But, Cebes," Simmias said, taking up the discussion, "what are the proofs of these things?
ὑπόμνησόν με· οὐ γὰρ σφόδρα ἐν τῷ παρόντι μέμνημαι. ἑνὶ μὲν λόγῳ, ἔφη ὁ Κέβης, καλλίστῳ, ὅτι ἐρωτώμενοι οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ἐάν τις καλῶς ἐρωτᾷ, αὐτοὶ λέγουσιν πάντα ᾗ ἔχει — καίτοι εἰ μὴ ἐτύγχανεν αὐτοῖς ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀρθὸς λόγος, οὐκ ἂν οἷοί τ’ ἦσαν τοῦτο ποιῆσαι — ἔπειτα ἐάν τις ἐπὶ τὰ διαγράμματα ἄγῃ ἢ ἄλλο τι τῶν τοιούτων, ἐνταῦθα σαφέστατα κατηγορεῖ ὅτι τοῦτο οὕτως ἔχει. εἰ δὲ μὴ ταύτῃ γε, ἔφη, πείθῃ, ὦ Σιμμία, ὁ Σωκράτης, σκέψαι ἂν τῇδέ πῄ σοι σκοπουμένῳ συνδόξῃ.
Remind me; for I do not remember very well at present." "With one argument," said Cebes, "and a most beautiful one, that when people are questioned, if someone questions them well, they themselves say everything as it is—and yet, if knowledge and right reason did not happen to be in them, they would not have been able to do this—then, if someone leads them to diagrams or anything else of that sort, there it is proved most clearly that this is so." "And if you are not persuaded in this way, Simmias," Socrates said, "look at it to see if it might seem agreeable to you if you consider it in this way.
ἀπιστεῖς γὰρ δὴ πῶς ἡ καλουμένη μάθησις ἀνάμνησίς ἐστιν; ἀπιστῶ μέν ἔγωγε, ἦ δ’ ὃς ὁ Σιμμίας, οὔ, αὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο, ἔφη, δέομαι παθεῖν περὶ οὗ ὁ λόγος, ἀναμνησθῆναι.
For do you indeed disbelieve how what is called learning is recollection?" "I do not indeed disbelieve," Simmias said, "but I need to experience this very thing which the argument is about: to be reminded.
καὶ σχεδόν γε ἐξ ὧν Κέβης ἐπεχείρησε λέγειν ἤδη μέμνημαι καὶ πείθομαι· οὐδὲν μεντἂν ἧττον ἀκούοιμι νῦν πῇ σὺ ἐπεχείρησας λέγειν. τῇδ’ ἔγωγε, ἦ δ’ ὅς.
And indeed, from what Cebes attempted to say, I already almost remember and am persuaded; nevertheless, I would none the less like to hear now how you attempted to say it." "In this way I would," he said.
ὁμολογοῦμεν γὰρ δήπου, εἴ τίς τι ἀναμνησθήσεται, δεῖν αὐτὸν τοῦτο πρότερόν ποτε ἐπίστασθαι. πάνυ γ᾽, ἔφη.
"For we agree, surely, that if anyone is to recollect anything, he must have known this at some prior time." "Certainly," he said.
ἆρ’ οὖν καὶ τόδε ὁμολογοῦμεν, ὅταν ἐπιστήμη παραγίγνηται τρόπῳ τοιούτῳ, ἀνάμνησιν εἶναι;
"Do we then also agree on this, that when knowledge comes in such a way, it is recollection?
λέγω δὲ τίνα τρόπον;
But in what way do I mean?
τόνδε.
In this way.
ἐάν τίς τι ἕτερον ἢ ἰδὼν ἢ ἀκούσας ἤ τινα ἄλλην αἴσθησιν λαβὼν μὴ μόνον ἐκεῖνο γνῷ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερον ἐννοήσῃ οὗ μὴ ἡ αὐτὴ ἐπιστήμη ἀλλ’ ἄλλη, ἆρα οὐχὶ τοῦτο δικαίως λέγομεν ὅτι ἀνεμνήσθη, οὗ τὴν ἔννοιαν ἔλαβεν; πῶς λέγεις; οἷον τὰ τοιάδε· ἄλλη που ἐπιστήμη ἀνθρώπου καὶ λύρας. πῶς γὰρ οὔ; οὐκοῦν οἶσθα ὅτι οἱ ἐρασταί, ὅταν ἴδωσιν λύραν ἢ ἱμάτιον ἢ ἄλλο τι οἷς τὰ παιδικὰ αὐτῶν εἴωθε χρῆσθαι, πάσχουσι τοῦτο· ἔγνωσάν τε τὴν λύραν καὶ ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ ἔλαβον τὸ εἶδος τοῦ παιδὸς οὗ ἦν ἡ λύρα;
If someone, on seeing or hearing or receiving some other perception of one thing, not only knows that thing, but also thinks of another thing of which the knowledge is not the same but different, do we not justly say that he recollected that of which he conceived the thought?" "How do you mean?" "For example, things of this sort: the knowledge of a man and of a lyre are, I suppose, different." "Of course." "Do you not know, then, that lovers, when they see a lyre or a cloak or anything else which their beloved is accustomed to use, experience this: they recognize the lyre and at the same time receive in their mind the image of the boy whose lyre it was?
τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν ἀνάμνησις· ὥσπερ γε καὶ Σιμμίαν τις ἰδὼν πολλάκις κέβητος ἀνεμνήσθη, καὶ ἄλλα που μυρία τοιαῦτ’ ἂν εἴη. μυρία μέντοι νὴ Δία, ἔφη ὁ Σιμμίας.
And this is recollection; just as someone on seeing Simmias often recollects Cebes, and there would be, I suppose, countless other such cases." "Countless indeed, by Zeus," said Simmias.
οὐκοῦν, ἦ δ’ ὅς, τὸ τοιοῦτον ἀνάμνησίς τίς ἐστι;
"Is not then," he said, "such a thing a sort of recollection?
μάλιστα μέντοι ὅταν τις τοῦτο πάθῃ περὶ ἐκεῖνα ἃ ὑπὸ χρόνου καὶ τοῦ μὴ ἐπισκοπεῖν ἤδη ἐπελέληστο; πάνυ μὲν οὖν, ἔφη.
Especially, however, when someone experiences this in regard to those things which, through time and lack of attention, he had already forgotten?" "Certainly," he said.
τί δέ; ἦ δ’ ὅς·
"And what about this?" he said.
ἔστιν ἵππον γεγραμμένον ἰδόντα καὶ λύραν γεγραμμένην ἀνθρώπου ἀναμνησθῆναι, καὶ Σιμμίαν ἰδόντα γεγραμμένον κέβητος ἀναμνησθῆναι; πάνυ γε.
"Is it possible for someone, on seeing a painted horse and a painted lyre, to recollect a man, and on seeing a painted Simmias, to recollect Cebes?" "Certainly."