§72ΦΑΙΔ. οὐκοῦν, ἦ δ’ ὅς, εἴπερ ἔστι τὸ ἀναβιώσκεσθαι, ἐκ τῶν τεθνεώτων ἂν εἴη γένεσις εἰς τοὺς ζῶντας αὕτη, τὸ ἀναβιώσκεσθαι; πάνυ γε. ὁμολογεῖται ἄρα ἡμῖν καὶ ταύτῃ τοὺς ζῶντας ἐκ τῶν τεθνεώτων γεγονέναι οὐδὲν ἧττον ἢ τοὺς τεθνεῶτας ἐκ τῶν ζώντων, τούτου δὲ ὄντος ἱκανόν που ἐδόκει τεκμήριον εἶναι ὅτι ἀναγκαῖον τὰς τῶν τεθνεώτων ψυχὰς εἶναί που, ὅθεν δὴ πάλιν γίγνεσθαι. δοκεῖ μοι, ἔφη, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἐκ τῶν ὡμολογημένων ἀναγκαῖον οὕτως ἔχειν.
"Then," he said, "if indeed coming to life again exists, would this—coming to life again—be the generation from the dead to the living?" "Certainly." "It is agreed by us then in this way too that the living have come from the dead no less than the dead from the living; and this being so, it seemed to be a sufficient proof, I suppose, that it is necessary that the souls of the dead exist somewhere, from where indeed they are generated again." "It seems to me, Socrates," he said, "from what has been agreed, that it must necessarily be so." "Look at it then in this way, Cebes," he said, "that we have not agreed unjustly, as it seems to me.
ἰδὲ τοίνυν οὕτως, ἔφη, ὦ Κέβης, ὅτι οὐδ’ ἀδίκως ὡμολογήκαμεν, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ. εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἀεὶ ἀνταποδιδοίη τὰ ἕτερα τοῖς ἑτέροις γιγνόμενα, ὡσπερεὶ κύκλῳ περιιόντα, ἀλλ’ εὐθεῖά τις εἴη ἡ γένεσις ἐκ τοῦ ἑτέρου μόνον εἰς τὸ καταντικρὺ καὶ μὴ ἀνακάμπτοι πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἕτερον μηδὲ καμπὴν ποιοῖτο, οἶσθ’ ὅτι πάντα τελευτῶντα τὸ αὐτὸ σχῆμα ἂν σχοίη καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ πάθος ἂν πάθοι καὶ παύσαιτο γιγνόμενα; πῶς λέγεις; ἔφη.
For if the one set of things, in being generated, did not always recompense the other, as if going round in a circle, but generation were a straight line from one only into its opposite, and did not turn back again to the other nor make a turn, do you know that all things in the end would have the same form, experience the same state, and cease being generated?" "How do you mean?" he said.
οὐδὲν χαλεπόν, ἦ δ’ ὅς, ἐννοῆσαι ὃ λέγω· ἀλλ’ οἷον εἰ τὸ καταδαρθάνειν μὲν εἴη, τὸ δ’ ἀνεγείρεσθαι μὴ ἀνταποδιδοίη γιγνόμενον ἐκ τοῦ καθεύδοντος, οἶσθ’ ὅτι τελευτῶντα πάντ’ ἂν λῆρον τὸν Ἐνδυμίωνα ἀποδείξειεν καὶ οὐδαμοῦ ἂν φαίνοιτο διὰ τὸ καὶ τἆλλα πάντα ταὐτὸν ἐκείνῳ πεπονθέναι, καθεύδειν.
"It is not at all difficult," he said, "to understand what I mean; but for example, if falling asleep existed, but waking up did not recompense it, being generated from the sleeping, do you know that in the end it would make Endymion look like a trifle, and he would appear nowhere because all other things also would have experienced the same state as he, namely, sleeping.
κἂν εἰ συγκρίνοιτο μὲν πάντα, διακρίνοιτο δὲ μή, ταχὺ ἂν τὸ τοῦ Ἀναξαγόρου γεγονὸς εἴη,
ὁμοῦ πάντα χρήματα. ὡσαύτως δέ, ὦ φίλε Κέβης, καὶ εἰ ἀποθνῄσκοι μὲν πάντα ὅσα τοῦ ζῆν μεταλάβοι, ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀποθάνοι, μένοι ἐν τούτῳ τῷ σχήματι τὰ τεθνεῶτα καὶ μὴ πάλιν ἀναβιώσκοιτο, ἆρ’ οὐ πολλὴ ἀνάγκη τελευτῶντα πάντα τεθνάναι καὶ μηδὲν ζῆν;
And if all things were combined, but not separated, soon the saying of Anaxagoras would come to pass: 'all things together.' In the same way, my dear Cebes, if all things that have a share of life should die, and when they had died, the dead things should remain in this state and not come to life again, would there not be a great necessity that in the end all things would be dead and nothing alive?
εἰ γὰρ ἐκ μὲν τῶν ἄλλων τὰ ζῶντα γίγνοιτο, τὰ δὲ ζῶντα θνῄσκοι, τίς μηχανὴ μὴ οὐχὶ πάντα καταναλωθῆναι εἰς τὸ τεθνάναι; οὐδὲ μία μοι δοκεῖ, ἔφη ὁ Κέβης, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἀλλά μοι δοκεῖς παντάπασιν ἀληθῆ λέγειν. ἔστιν γάρ, ἔφη, ὦ Κέβης, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, παντὸς μᾶλλον οὕτω, καὶ ἡμεῖς αὐτὰ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐξαπατώμενοι ὁμολογοῦμεν, ἀλλ’ ἔστι τῷ ὄντι καὶ τὸ ἀναβιώσκεσθαι καὶ ἐκ τῶν τεθνεώτων τοὺς ζῶντας γίγνεσθαι καὶ τὰς τῶν τεθνεώτων ψυχὰς εἶναι. καὶ μήν, ἔφη ὁ Κέβης ὑπολαβών, καὶ κατ’ ἐκεῖνόν γε τὸν λόγον, ὦ Σώκρατες, εἰ ἀληθής ἐστιν, ὃν σὺ εἴωθας θαμὰ λέγειν, ὅτι ἡμῖν ἡ μάθησις οὐκ ἄλλο τι ἢ ἀνάμνησις τυγχάνει οὖσα, καὶ κατὰ τοῦτον ἀνάγκη που ἡμᾶς ἐν προτέρῳ τινὶ χρόνῳ μεμαθηκέναι ἃ νῦν ἀναμιμνῃσκόμεθα.
For if living things were generated from other things, and the living things died, what device is there to prevent all things from being consumed into death?" "Not a single one, it seems to me, Socrates," said Cebes, "but you seem to me to speak the absolute truth." "For it is," he said, "Cebes, as it seems to me, so above all things, and we do not agree on these very things being deceived, but there really exists both coming to life again, and the living being generated from the dead, and the souls of the dead existing." "And indeed," said Cebes, taking up the discussion, "also according to that argument, Socrates, if it is true, which you are accustomed to say often, that learning for us happens to be nothing other than recollection, according to this too it is necessary, I suppose, that we have learned at some prior time what we now recollect."