§71ΦΑΙΔ. οὐκοῦν κἂν ἔλαττον γίγνηται, ἐκ μείζονος ὄντος πρότερον ὕστερον ἔλαττον γενήσεται; ἔστιν οὕτω, ἔφη.
"Then, even if it becomes smaller, will it not, having been greater before, afterwards become smaller?" "It is so," he said.
καὶ μὴν ἐξ ἰσχυροτέρου γε τὸ ἀσθενέστερον καὶ ἐκ βραδυτέρου τὸ θᾶττον; πάνυ γε. τί δέ;
"And indeed, from the stronger comes the weaker, and from the slower the faster?" "Certainly." "And what of this?
ἄν τι χεῖρον γίγνηται, οὐκ ἐξ ἀμείνονος, καὶ ἂν δικαιότερον, ἐξ ἀδικωτέρου; πῶς γὰρ οὔ; ἱκανῶς οὖν, ἔφη, ἔχομεν τοῦτο, ὅτι πάντα οὕτω γίγνεται, ἐξ ἐναντίων τὰ ἐναντία πράγματα; πάνυ γε.
If something becomes worse, is it not from the better, and if more just, from the more unjust?" "How could it be otherwise?" "Have we then sufficiently established this," he said, "that all things are generated in this way, opposite things from opposites?" "Certainly." "What then?
τί δ’ αὖ; ἔστι τι καὶ τοιόνδε ἐν αὐτοῖς, οἷον μεταξὺ ἀμφοτέρων πάντων τῶν ἐναντίων δυοῖν ὄντοιν δύο γενέσεις, ἀπὸ μὲν τοῦ ἑτέρου ἐπὶ τὸ ἕτερον, ἀπὸ δ’ αὖ τοῦ ἑτέρου πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἕτερον·
Is there also something of this sort among them, namely, between all these pairs of opposites, since there are two, two processes of generation, from one to the other, and back again from the other to the first?
μείζονος μὲν πράγματος καὶ ἐλάττονος μεταξὺ αὔξησις καὶ φθίσις, καὶ καλοῦμεν οὕτω τὸ μὲν αὐξάνεσθαι, τὸ δὲ φθίνειν; ναί, ἔφη.
Between a greater thing and a smaller, for instance, there is increase and decrease, and we call them thus, the one to increase, the other to decrease?" "Yes," he said.
οὐκοῦν καὶ διακρίνεσθαι καὶ συγκρίνεσθαι, καὶ ψύχεσθαι καὶ θερμαίνεσθαι, καὶ πάντα οὕτω, κἂν εἰ μὴ χρώμεθα τοῖς ὀνόμασιν ἐνιαχοῦ, ἀλλ’ ἔργῳ γοῦν πανταχοῦ οὕτως ἔχειν ἀναγκαῖον, γίγνεσθαί τε αὐτὰ ἐξ ἀλλήλων γένεσίν τε εἶναι ἑκατέρου εἰς ἄλληλα; πάνυ μὲν οὖν, ἦ δ᾽ ὅς.
"And so too with separation and combination, cooling and heating, and all things in the same way, even if we do not use the names in some cases, yet in fact at least it must everywhere be so, that they are generated from one another, and that there is a process of generation of each into the other?" "Certainly," he said.
τί οὖν;
"What then?" he said.
ἔφη, τῷ ζῆν ἐστί τι ἐναντίον, ὥσπερ τῷ ἐγρηγορέναι τὸ καθεύδειν; πάνυ μὲν οὖν, ἔφη.
"Is there any opposite to living, as sleeping is to waking?" "Certainly," he said.
τί; τὸ τεθνάναι, ἔφη.
"What is it?" "Being dead," he said.
οὐκοῦν ἐξ ἀλλήλων τε γίγνεται ταῦτα, εἴπερ ἐναντία ἐστιν, καὶ αἱ γενέσεις εἰσὶν αὐτοῖν μεταξὺ δύο δυοῖν ὄντοιν; πῶς γὰρ οὔ; τὴν μὲν τοίνυν ἑτέραν συζυγίαν ὧν νυνδὴ ἔλεγον ἐγώ σοι, ἔφη, ἐρῶ, ὁ Σωκράτης, καὶ αὐτὴν καὶ τὰς γενέσεις· σὺ δέ μοι τὴν ἑτέραν.
"Then do these not be generated from one another, if indeed they are opposites, and are the processes of generation between them two, since they are two?" "How could it be otherwise?" "Then," said Socrates, "I will tell you one of the pairs that I was just speaking of, both the pair itself and its processes of generation; and you tell me the other.
λέγω δὲ τὸ μὲν καθεύδειν, τὸ δὲ ἐγρηγορέναι, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ καθεύδειν τὸ ἐγρηγορέναι γίγνεσθαι καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἐγρηγορέναι τὸ καθεύδειν, καὶ τὰς γενέσεις αὐτοῖν τὴν μὲν καταδαρθάνειν εἶναι, τὴν δ’ ἀνεγείρεσθαι.
I say, then, that one is sleeping and the other waking, and that from sleeping comes waking, and from waking, sleeping; and that the processes of their generation are, on the one hand, falling asleep, and on the other, waking up.
ἱκανῶς σοι, ἔφη, ἢ οὔ; πάνυ μὲν οὖν. λέγε δή μοι καὶ σύ, ἔφη, οὕτω περὶ ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου.
Is this sufficient for you," he said, "or not?" "Quite sufficient." "Tell me then, in your turn," he said, "in the same way about life and death.
οὐκ ἐναντίον μὲν φῂς τῷ ζῆν τὸ τεθνάναι εἶναι; ἔγωγε. γίγνεσθαι δὲ ἐξ ἀλλήλων; ναί. ἐξ οὖν τοῦ ζῶντος τί τὸ γιγνόμενον; τὸ τεθνηκός, ἔφη.
Do you not say that being dead is the opposite of living?" "I do." "And that they are generated from each other?" "Yes." "What, then, is generated from that which is living?" "That which is dead," he said.
τί δέ, ἦ δ’ ὅς, ἐκ τοῦ τεθνεῶτος; ἀναγκαῖον, ἔφη, ὁμολογεῖν ὅτι τὸ ζῶν. ἐκ τῶν τεθνεώτων ἄρα, ὦ Κέβης, τὰ ζῶντά τε καὶ οἱ ζῶντες γίγνονται; φαίνεται, ἔφη.
"And what," he said, "from that which is dead?" "One must agree," he said, "that it is that which is living." "From the dead, then, Cebes, living things and living people are generated?" "It appears so," he said.
εἰσὶν ἄρα, ἔφη, αἱ ψυχαὶ ἡμῶν ἐν Ἅιδου. ἔοικεν. οὐκοῦν καὶ τοῖν γενεσέοιν τοῖν περὶ ταῦτα ἥ γ’ ἑτέρα σαφὴς οὖσα τυγχάνει;
"Then our souls," he said, "are in Hades." "It seems so." "And of the two processes of generation concerning these, is not one of them at least clear?
τὸ γὰρ ἀποθνῄσκειν σαφὲς δήπου, ἢ οὔ; πάνυ μὲν οὖν, ἔφη.
For dying is surely clear, is it not?" "Certainly," he said.
πῶς οὖν, ἦ δ’ ὅς, ποιήσομεν;
"How then shall we do?" he said.
οὐκ ἀνταποδώσομεν τὴν ἐναντίαν γένεσιν, ἀλλὰ ταύτῃ χωλὴ ἔσται ἡ φύσις;
"Shall we not supply the opposite process of generation, or is nature to be lame in this respect?
ἢ ἀνάγκη ἀποδοῦναι τῷ ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐναντίαν τινὰ γένεσιν; πάντως που, ἔφη.
Or is it necessary to assign some opposite process of generation to dying?" "By all means," he said.
τίνα ταύτην; τὸ ἀναβιώσκεσθαι.
"What is this?" "Coming to life again."