[ULPIANUS libro sexagensimo octauo ad edictum. ] §43.8.2.prPraetor ait: 'Ne quid in loco publico facias inue eum locum immittas, qua ex re quid illi damni detur, praeterquam quod lege senatus consulto edicto decretoque principum tibi concessum est.
[ULPIANUS on the Edict, book 68] The praetor says: 'Do not do anything in a public place or project anything into that place, whereby any damage is caused to him, except what is permitted to you by law, a decree of the senate, an edict, or a decree of the emperors.
de eo, quod factum erit, interdictum non dabo'. §43.8.2.1Hoc interdictum prohibitorium est.
Regarding what has already been done, I will not grant an interdict.' This interdict is prohibitory.
§43.8.2.2Et tam publicis utilitatibus quam priuatorum per hoc prospicitur.
And by this, provision is made for both public utility and the interests of private individuals.
loca enim publica utique priuaturum usibus deseruiunt, iure scilicet ciuitatis, non quasi propria cuiusque, et tantum iuris habemus ad optinendum, quantum quilibet ex populo ad prohibendum habet.
For public places serve the use of private individuals in any case, namely by the right of the state, not as if they were the property of each individual, and we have as much right to maintain our use as any member of the public has to forbid interference.
propter quod si quod forte opus in publico fiet, quod ad priuati damnum redundet, prohibitorio interdicto potest conueniri, propter quam rem hoc interdictum propositum est.
Therefore, if any work happens to be done in public that results in damage to a private individual, he can be sued by a prohibitory interdict, for which purpose this interdict was proposed.
§43.8.2.3Publici loci appellatio quemadmodum accipiatur, Labeo definit, ut et ad areas et ad insulas et ad agros et ad uias publicas itineraque publica pertineat.
Labeo defines how the term 'public place' is to be understood, so that it extends to open areas, blocks of buildings, fields, public roads, and public pathways.
§43.8.2.4Hoc interdictum ad ea loca, quae sunt in fisci patrimonio, non puto pertinere: in his enim neque facere quicquam neque prohibere priuatus potest: res enim fiscales quasi propriae et priuatae principis sunt.
I do not think that this interdict applies to those places which belong to the estate of the treasury; for in these, a private individual can neither do anything nor forbid anything. For treasury property is, as it were, the emperor's own private property.
igitur si quis in his aliquid faciat, nequaquam hoc interdictum locum habebit: sed si forte de his sit controuersia, praefecti eorum iudices sunt.
Therefore, if anyone does anything in these places, this interdict will by no means have application; but if a dispute should happen to arise concerning them, their prefects are the judges.
§43.8.2.5Ad ea igitur loca hoc interdictum pertinet, quae publico usui destinata sunt, ut, si quid illic fiat, quod priuato noceret, praetor intercederet interdicto suo.
Therefore, this interdict applies to those places which are dedicated to public use, so that, if anything is done there which would harm a private individual, the praetor may intervene with his interdict.
§43.8.2.6Cum quidam uelum in maeniano immissum haberet, qui uicini luminibus officiebat, utile interdictum competit: 'ne quid in publico immittas, qua ex re luminibus Gaii Seii officias'. §43.8.2.7Si quis quod in publico loco positum habuit, reficere uoluit, hoc interdicto locum esse Aristo ait ad prohibendum eum reficere.
When a certain person had an awning projected from a balcony, which obstructed the light of his neighbor, an analogous interdict is available: 'Do not project anything in public, whereby you obstruct the light of Gaius Seius.' If anyone wanted to repair what he had placed in a public place, Aristo says that there is ground for this interdict to forbid him to repair it.
§43.8.2.8Aduersus eum, qui molem in mare proiecit, interdictum utile competit ei, cui forte haec res nocitura sit: si autem nemo damnum sentit, tuendus est is, qui in litore aedificat uel molem in mare iacit.
Against one who has thrown a mole into the sea, an analogous interdict is available to the person whom this action might happen to injure; but if no one suffers damage, he who builds on the shore or throws a mole into the sea must be protected.
§43.8.2.9Si quis in mari piscari aut nauigare prohibeatur, non habebit interdictum, quemadmodum nec is, qui in campo publico ludere uel in publico balineo lauare aut in theatro spectare arceatur: sed in omnibus his casibus iniuriarum actione utendum est.
If anyone is prevented from fishing or sailing in the sea, he will not have the interdict, just as neither will he who is barred from playing in a public field, bathing in a public bath, or watching in a theater; but in all these cases, the action for injuries must be used.
§43.8.2.10Merito ait praetor 'qua ex re quid illi damni detur': nam quotiensque aliquid in publico fieri permittitur, ita oportet permitti, ut sine iniuria cuiusquam fiat.
The praetor rightly says: 'whereby any damage is caused to him'; for whenever anything is permitted to be done in public, it ought to be permitted in such a way that it is done without injury to anyone.
et ita solet princeps, quotiens aliquid noui operis instituendum petitur, permittere.
And the emperor is accustomed to grant permission in this way, whenever a petition is made to start any new work.
§43.8.2.11Damnum autem pati uidetur, qui commodum amittit, quod ex publico consequebatur, qualequale sit.
Moreover, he is deemed to suffer damage who loses an advantage which he was deriving from the public place, of whatever kind it may be.
§43.8.2.12Proinde si cui prospectus, si cui aditus sit deterior aut angustior, interdicto opus est.
Accordingly, if anyone's view or access is made worse or narrower, there is need for the interdict.
§43.8.2.13Si quid in loco publico aedificauero, ut ea, quae ex meo ad te nullo iure defluebant, desinant fluere, interdicto me non teneri Labeo putat.
If I build something in a public place, so that those things which were flowing from my property to yours without any right cease to flow, Labeo thinks that I am not bound by the interdict.
§43.8.2.14Plane si aedificium hoc effecerit, ut minus luminis insula tua habeat, interdictum hoc competit.
Clearly, if this building has the effect of making your block of buildings have less light, this interdict is available.
§43.8.2.15Idem ait, si in publico aedificem, deinde hoc aedificium ei obstet, quod tu in publico aedificaueras, cessare hoc interdictum, cum tu quoque illicite aedificaueris, nisi forte tu iure tibi concesso aedificaueras.
The same writer says that if I build in a public place, and then this building obstructs what you had built in a public place, this interdict does not apply, since you also built unlawfully, unless by chance you had built by a right granted to you.
§43.8.2.16Si quis a principe simpliciter impetrauerit, ut in publico loco aedificet, non est credendus sic aedificare, ut cum incommodo alicuius id fiat, neque sic conceditur: nisi forte quis hoc impetrauerit.
If anyone has simply obtained permission from the emperor to build in a public place, he is not to be believed to build in such a way that it causes inconvenience to someone, nor is it granted on such terms; unless by chance someone has specifically obtained this.
§43.8.2.17Si quis nemine prohibente in publico aedificauerit, non esse eum cogendum tollere, ne ruinis urbs deformetur, et quia prohibitorium est interdictum, non restitutorium.
If anyone has built in a public place with no one forbidding him, he ought not to be compelled to demolish it, lest the city be disfigured by ruins, and because the interdict is prohibitory, not restitutory.
si tamen obstet id aedificium publico usui, utique is, qui operibus publicis procurat, debebit id deponere, aut si non obstet, solarium ei imponere: uectigal enim hoc sic appellatur solarium ex eo, quod pro solo pendatur.
If, however, that building obstructs public use, the superintendent of public works must by all means pull it down; or if it does not obstruct, he must impose a ground rent upon it. For this tax is called 'solarium' because it is paid for the ground.