[ULPIANUS libro sexagensimo octauo ad edictum. ] §43.8.2.18Si tamen adhuc nullum opus factum fuerit, officio iudicis continetur, uti caueatur non fieri: et ea omnia etiam in persona heredum ceterorumque successorum erunt cauenda.
If, however, no work has yet been done, it is within the office of the judge to ensure that security is given that it will not be done; and all these matters must be guaranteed also in the person of the heirs and other successors.
§43.8.2.19Locorum sacrorum diuersa causa est: in loco enim sacro non solum facere uetamur, sed et factum restituere iubemur: hoc propter religionem.
The case of sacred places is different: for in a sacred place we are not only forbidden to do anything, but we are also ordered to restore what has been done; this is on account of religion.
§43.8.2.20Ait praetor: 'In uia publica itinereue publico facere immittere quid, quo ea uia idue iter deterius sit fiat, ueto'. §43.8.2.21Uiam publicam eam dicimus, cuius etiam solum publicum est: non enim sicuti in priuata uia, ita et in publica accipimus: uiae priuatae solum alienum est, ius tantum eundi et agendi nobis competit: uiae autem publicae solum publicum est, relictum ad directum certis finibus latitudinis ab eo, qui ius publicandi habuit, ut ea publice iretur commearetur.
The praetor says: 'I forbid doing or projecting anything in a public road or public pathway, whereby that road or that pathway may be or become worse.' We call that a public road whose soil also is public; for we do not understand a public road in the same way as a private road: the soil of a private road belongs to another, and we only have the right of passage and driving; but the soil of a public road is public, left in a straight line within certain limits of width by him who had the right of making it public, so that it might be passed and traveled upon publicly.
§43.8.2.22Uiarum quaedam publicae sunt, quaedam priuatae, quaedam uicinales.
Of roads, some are public, some private, some vicinal.
publicas uias dicimus, quas Graeci βασιλικάς, nostri praetorias, alii consulares uias appellant.
We call those public roads which the Greeks call basilikas, our ancestors praetorian, and others consular roads.
priuatae sunt, quas agrarias quidam dicunt.
Private roads are those which some call agricultural.
uicinales sunt uiae, quae in uicis sunt uel quae in uicos ducunt: has quoque publicas esse quidam dicunt: quod ita uerum est, si non ex collatione priuatorum hoc iter constitutum est.
Vicinal roads are roads which are in villages or which lead to villages; some say that these also are public, which is true only if this path was not established from the contributions of private individuals.
aliter atque si ex collatione priuatorum reficiatur: nam si ex collatione priuatorum reficiatur, non utique priuata est: refectio enim idcirco de communi fit, quia usum utilitatemque communem habet.
It is otherwise than if it is repaired from the contributions of private individuals; for if it is repaired from the contributions of private individuals, it is not by any means private; for the repair is made in common for the reason that it has a common use and utility.
§43.8.2.23Priuatae uiae dupliciter accipi possunt, uel hae, quae sunt in agris, quibus imposita est seruitus, ut ad agrum alterius ducant, uel hae, quae ad agros ducunt, per quas omnibus commeare liceat, in quas exitur de uia consulari et sic post illam excipit uia uel iter uel actus ad uillam ducens.
Private roads can be understood in two ways: either those which are in fields, upon which a servitude has been imposed so that they lead to the field of another, or those which lead to fields, through which everyone is permitted to travel, which are entered from a consular road, and thus after it, a road, a pathway, or a driftway leading to a villa takes over.
has ergo, quae post consularem excipiunt in uillas uel in alias colonias ducentes, putem etiam ipsas publicas esse.
Therefore, those which take over after a consular road, leading to villas or to other colonies, I should think are also themselves public.
§43.8.2.24Hoc interdictum tantum ad uias rusticas pertinet, ad urbicas uero non: harum enim cura pertinet ad magistratus.
This interdict applies only to rustic roads, but not to urban ones; for the care of the latter belongs to the magistrates.
§43.8.2.25Si uiae publicae exemptus commeatus sit uel uia coartata, interueniunt magistratus.
If passage is blocked on a public road or if the road is narrowed, the magistrates intervene.
§43.8.2.26Si quis cloacam in uiam publicam immitteret exque ea re minus habilis uia per cloacam fiat, teneri eum Labeo scribit: immississe enim eum uideri.
If anyone should project a sewer into a public road, and because of that the road becomes less usable on account of the sewer, Labeo writes that he is bound; for he is deemed to have projected it.
§43.8.2.27Proinde et si fossam quis in fundo suo fecerit, ut ibi aqua collecta in uiam decurrat, hoc interdicto tenebitur: immissum enim habere etiam hunc uideri.
Accordingly, if anyone makes a ditch on his own land so that the water collected there runs down into the road, he will be bound by this interdict; for this person also is deemed to have projected it.
§43.8.2.28Idem Labeo scribit, si quis in suo ita aedificauerit, ut aqua in uia collecta restagnet, non teneri eum interdicto, quia non immittat aquam, sed non recipit: Nerua autem melius scribit utrumque teneri.
The same Labeo writes that if anyone builds on his own property in such a way that water collected on the road stagnates, he is not bound by the interdict, because he is not projecting the water, but merely not receiving it; Nerva, however, writes more correctly that he is bound in both cases.
plane si fundus uiam publicam contingat et ex eo aqua deriuata deteriorem uiam faciat, quae tamen aqua ex uicini fundo in tuum ueniat: si quidem necesse habeas eam aquam recipere, interdictum locum habebit aduersus uicinum tuum: si autem necesse non sit, non teneri uicinum tuum, te tamen teneri: eum enim uideri factum habere, qui usum eius aquae habeat.
Clearly, if a field touches a public road, and water drawn off from it makes the road worse, which water, however, comes from a neighbor's field into yours: if indeed you are under a necessity to receive that water, the interdict will apply against your neighbor; but if there is no necessity, your neighbor is not bound, but you are; for he is deemed to have done the deed who has the use of that water.
idem Nerua scribit, si tecum interdicto agatur, nihil ultra te facere cogendum, quam ut arbitratu eius qui tecum experitur cum uicino experiaris: ceterum aliter obseruantibus futurum, ut tenearis etiam, si iam bona fide cum uicino egeris neque per te stet, quo minus arbitratu actoris cum uicino experiaris.
The same Nerva writes that if an action is brought against you under the interdict, you ought not to be compelled to do anything more than to take action against your neighbor in accordance with the arbitration of the one who is proceeding against you; otherwise, for those who observe differently, the result will be that you are bound even if you have already acted in good faith with your neighbor, and it is not due to you that you do not proceed with the neighbor according to the arbitration of the plaintiff.
§43.8.2.29Idem ait, si odore solo locus pestilentiosus fiat, non esse ab re de re ea interdicto uti.
The same writer says that if a place is made pestilential by smell alone, it is not off the mark to use the interdict in that matter.
§43.8.2.30Hoc interdictum etiam ad ea, quae pascuntur in uia publica itinereue publico et deteriorem faciant uiam, locum habet.
This interdict also applies to those animals which graze on a public road or public pathway and make the road worse.