§10.prop2.81τῇ μέσης ἀποτομῇ δευτέρᾳ μία μόνον προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα μέση δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης μέσον περιέχουσα.
To a second apotome of a medial straight line only one medial straight line can be annexed which is commensurable in square only with the whole, and contains with the whole a medial area.
ἔστω μέσης ἀποτομὴ δευτέρα ἡ ΑΒ καὶ τῇ ΑΒ προσαρμόζουσα ἡ ΒΓ· αἱ ἄρα ΑΓ, ΓΒ μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι μέσον περιέχουσαι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ·
For let AB be a second apotome of a medial straight line, and let BC be annexed to AB; therefore AC, CB are medial straight lines commensurable in square only containing the medial rectangle contained by AC, CB.
λέγω, ὅτι τῇ ΑΒ ἑτέρα οὐ προσαρμόσει εὐθεῖα μέση δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης μέσον περιέχουσα.
I say that to AB another medial straight line cannot be annexed which is commensurable in square only with the whole, and contains with the whole a medial area.
εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, προσαρμοζέτω ἡ ΒΔ· καὶ αἱ ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἄρα μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι μέσον περιέχουσαι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ. καὶ ἐκκείσθω ῥητὴ ἡ ΕΖ, καὶ τοῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΕΖ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΕΗ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΕΜ· τῷ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον ἀφῃρήσθω τὸ ΘΗ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΘΜ· λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ ΕΛ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ·
For, if possible, let BD be annexed; therefore AD, DB are also medial straight lines commensurable in square only containing the medial rectangle contained by AD, DB. And let the rational straight line EZ be set out, and to the sum of the squares on AC, CB let there be applied adjacent to EZ the area EH, making EM its breadth; and let there be subtracted the area ΘH equal to twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB, making ΘM its breadth; therefore the remainder EL is equal to the square on AB; so that AB has EL as its square.
ὥστε ἡ ΑΒ δύναται τὸ ΕΛ. πάλιν δὴ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἴσον παρὰ τὴν ΕΖ παραβεβλήσθω τὸ ΕΙ πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΕΝ· ἔστι δὲ καὶ τὸ ΕΛ ἴσον τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ τετραγώνῳ· λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ ΘΙ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ. καὶ ἐπεὶ μέσαι εἰσὶν αἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ, μέσα ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ. καί ἐστιν ἴσα τῷ ΕΗ·
Again, let there be applied adjacent to EZ the area EI equal to the sum of the squares on AD, DB, making EN its breadth; and EL is also equal to the square on AB; therefore the remainder ΘI is equal to twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB. And since AC, CB are medial, the sum of the squares on AC, CB is also medial.
μέσον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΕΗ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΕΖ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΕΜ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΜ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΕΖ μήκει.
And it is equal to EH; therefore EH is also medial. And it is applied adjacent to the rational straight line EZ, making EM its breadth; therefore EM is rational and incommensurable in length with EZ.
πάλιν, ἐπεὶ μέσον ἐστὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ μέσον ἐστίν.
Again, since the rectangle contained by AC, CB is medial, twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB is also medial.
καί ἐστιν ἴσον τῷ ΘΗ· καὶ τὸ ΘΗ ἄρα μέσον ἐστίν.
And it is equal to ΘH; therefore ΘH is also medial.
καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν ΕΖ παράκειται πλάτος ποιοῦν τὴν ΘΜ· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ΘΜ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΕΖ μήκει.
And it is applied adjacent to the rational straight line EZ, making ΘM its breadth; therefore ΘM is also rational and incommensurable in length with EZ.
καὶ ἐπεὶ αἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροί εἰσιν, ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΓ τῇ ΓΒ μήκει.
And since AC, CB are commensurable in square only, AC is incommensurable in length with CB.
ὡς δὲ ἡ ΑΓ πρὸς τὴν ΓΒ, οὕτως ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ· ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ. ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ σύμμετρά ἐστι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, τῷ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ σύμμετρόν ἐστι τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ· ἀσύμμετρα ἄρα ἐστὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ. καί ἐστι τοῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον τὸ ΕΗ, τῷ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον τὸ ΗΘ· ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ΕΗ τῷ ΘΗ. ὡς δὲ τὸ ΕΗ πρὸς τὸ ΘΗ, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΜ πρὸς τὴν ΘΜ· ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΜ τῇ ΜΘ μήκει.
And as AC is to CB, so is the square on AC to the rectangle contained by AC, CB; therefore the square on AC is incommensurable with the rectangle contained by AC, CB. But to the square on AC the sum of the squares on AC, CB is commensurable, and to the rectangle contained by AC, CB twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB is commensurable; therefore the sum of the squares on AC, CB is incommensurable with twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB. And EH is equal to the sum of the squares on AC, CB, and HΘ to twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB; therefore EH is incommensurable with ΘH. But as EH is to ΘH, so is EM to ΘM; therefore EM is incommensurable in length with MΘ.
καί εἰσιν ἀμφότεραι ῥηταί· αἱ ΕΜ, ΜΘ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι· ἀποτομὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΘ, προσαρμόζουσα δὲ αὐτῇ ἡ ΘΜ. ὁμοίως δὴ δείξομεν, ὅτι καὶ ἡ ΘΝ αὐτῇ προσαρμόζει· τῇ ἄρα ἀποτομῇ ἄλλη καὶ ἄλλη προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ· ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀδύνατον.
And both are rational; therefore EM, MΘ are rational straight lines commensurable in square only; therefore EΘ is an apotome, and ΘM is annexed to it. Similarly we can show that ΘN is also annexed to it; therefore to the apotome different straight lines are annexed which are commensurable in square only with the whole; which is impossible.
τῇ ἄρα μέσης ἀποτομῇ δευτέρᾳ μία μόνον προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα μέση δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης μέσον περιέχουσα· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore to a second apotome of a medial straight line only one medial straight line can be annexed which is commensurable in square only with the whole, and contains with the whole a medial area; which was to be proved.