§10.prop2.79τῇ ἀποτομῇ μία προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα ῥητὴ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ.
To an apotome only one straight line can be annexed which is rational and commensurable in square only with the whole.
ἔστω ἀποτομὴ ἡ ΑΒ, προσαρμόζουσα δὲ αὐτῇ ἡ ΒΓ· αἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι·
Let AB be an apotome, and let BC be annexed to it; therefore AC, CB are rational straight lines commensurable in square only.
λέγω, ὅτι τῇ ΑΒ ἑτέρα οὐ προσαρμόζει ῥητὴ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ.
I say that another rational straight line cannot be annexed to AB which is commensurable in square only with the whole.
εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, προσαρμοζέτω ἡ ΒΔ· καὶ αἱ ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι.
For, if possible, let BD be annexed; therefore AD, DB are also rational straight lines commensurable in square only.
καὶ ἐπεί, ᾧ ὑπερέχει τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ, τούτῳ ὑπερέχει καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ· τῷ γὰρ αὐτῷ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ ἀμφότερα ὑπερέχει·
And since, by that by which the sum of the squares on AD, DB exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB, by this also the sum of the squares on AC, CB exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB; for both exceed by the same, namely the square on AB.
ἐναλλὰξ ἄρα, ᾧ ὑπερέχει τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, τούτῳ ὑπερέχει τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ. τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ·
Therefore, alternately, by that by which the sum of the squares on AD, DB exceeds the sum of the squares on AC, CB, by this the twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB also exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB.
ῥητὰ γὰρ ἀμφότερα.
But the sum of the squares on AD, DB exceeds the sum of the squares on AC, CB by a rational area; for both are rational.
καὶ τὸ δὶς ἄρα ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ· ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀδύνατον· μέσα γὰρ ἀμφότερα, μέσον δὲ μέσου οὐχ ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ.
Therefore twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB also exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB by a rational area; which is impossible; for both are medial, and a medial area does not exceed a medial area by a rational area.
τῇ ἄρα ΑΒ ἑτέρα οὐ προσαρμόζει ῥητὴ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ.
Therefore another rational straight line cannot be annexed to AB which is commensurable in square only with the whole.
μία ἄρα μόνη τῇ ἀποτομῇ προσαρμόζει ῥητὴ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore only one rational straight line can be annexed to an apotome which is commensurable in square only with the whole; which was to be proved.
§10.prop2.80τῇ μέσης ἀποτομῇ πρώτῃ μία μόνον προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα μέση δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης ῥητὸν περιέχουσα.
To a first apotome of a medial straight line only one medial straight line can be annexed which is commensurable in square only with the whole, and contains with the whole a rational area.
ἔστω γὰρ μέσης ἀποτομὴ πρώτη ἡ ΑΒ, καὶ τῇ ΑΒ προσαρμοζέτω ἡ ΒΓ· αἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἄρα μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι ῥητὸν περιέχουσαι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ·
For let AB be a first apotome of a medial straight line, and to AB let BC be annexed; therefore AC, CB are medial straight lines commensurable in square only containing the rational rectangle contained by AC, CB.
λέγω, ὅτι τῇ ΑΒ ἑτέρα οὐ προσαρμόζει μέση δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης ῥητὸν περιέχουσα.
I say that another medial straight line cannot be annexed to AB which is commensurable in square only with the whole, and contains with the whole a rational area.
εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, προσαρμοζέτω καὶ ἡ ΔΒ. αἱ ἄρα ΑΔ, ΔΒ μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι ῥητὸν περιέχουσαι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ. καὶ ἐπεί, ᾧ ὑπερέχει τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ, τούτῳ ὑπερέχει καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ· τῷ γὰρ αὐτῷ ὑπερέχουσι τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ·
For, if possible, let DB also be annexed; therefore AD, DB are medial straight lines commensurable in square only containing the rational rectangle contained by AD, DB. And since, by that by which the sum of the squares on AD, DB exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB, by this also the sum of the squares on AC, CB exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB; for they exceed by the same, namely the square on AB.
ἐναλλὰξ ἄρα, ᾧ ὑπερέχει τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, τούτῳ ὑπερέχει καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ. τὸ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ· ῥητὰ γὰρ ἀμφότερα.
Therefore, alternately, by that by which the sum of the squares on AD, DB exceeds the sum of the squares on AC, CB, by this also twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB. But twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB by a rational area; for both are rational.
καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἄρα τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ· ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀδύνατον· μέσα γάρ ἐστιν ἀμφότερα, μέσον δὲ μέσου οὐχ ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ.
Therefore the sum of the squares on AD, DB also exceeds the sum of the squares on AC, CB by a rational area; which is impossible; for both are medial, and a medial area does not exceed a medial area by a rational area.
τῇ ἄρα μέσης ἀποτομῇ πρώτῃ μία μόνον προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα μέση δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης ῥητὸν περιέχουσα· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore to a first apotome of a medial straight line only one medial straight line can be annexed which is commensurable in square only with the whole, and contains with the whole a rational area; which was to be proved.