§10.prop2.82τῇ ἐλάσσονι μία μόνον προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα δυνάμει ἀσύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ ποιοῦσα μετὰ τῆς ὅλης τὸ μὲν ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων ῥητόν, τὸ δὲ δὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον.
To a minor straight line only one straight line can be annexed which is incommensurable in square with the whole and makes with the whole the sum of the squares on them rational, but twice the rectangle contained by them medial.
ἔστω ἡ ἐλάσσων ἡ ΑΒ, καὶ τῇ ΑΒ προσαρμόζουσα ἔστω ἡ ΒΓ· αἱ ἄρα ΑΓ, ΓΒ δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι ποιοῦσαι τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων ῥητόν, τὸ δὲ δὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον·
For let AB be the minor straight line, and let BC be annexed to AB; therefore AC, CB are incommensurable in square making the sum of the squares on them rational, but twice the rectangle contained by them medial.
λέγω, ὅτι τῇ ΑΒ ἑτέρα εὐθεῖα οὐ προσαρμόσει τὰ αὐτὰ ποιοῦσα.
I say that to AB another straight line cannot be annexed which makes the same things.
εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, προσαρμοζέτω ἡ ΒΔ· καὶ αἱ ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἄρα δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι ποιοῦσαι τὰ προειρημένα.
For, if possible, let BD be annexed; therefore AD, DB are also incommensurable in square making the aforesaid things.
καὶ ἐπεί, ᾧ ὑπερέχει τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, τούτῳ ὑπερέχει καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τετράγωνα τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ τετραγώνων ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ· ῥητὰ γάρ ἐστιν ἀμφότερα· καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἄρα τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ· ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀδύνατον· μέσα γάρ ἐστιν ἀμφότερα.
And since, by that which the sum of the squares on AD, DB exceeds the sum of the squares on AC, CB, by this also twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB, and the sum of the squares on AD, DB exceeds the sum of the squares on AC, CB by a rational area (for both are rational); therefore twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB also exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB by a rational area; which is impossible (for both are medial).
τῇ ἄρα ἐλάσσονι μία μόνον προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα δυνάμει ἀσύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ καὶ ποιοῦσα τὰ μὲν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετράγωνα ἅμα ῥητόν, τὸ δὲ δὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν μέσον· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore to a minor straight line only one straight line can be annexed which is incommensurable in square with the whole and makes the squares on them together rational, but twice the rectangle contained by them medial; which was to be proved.
§10.prop2.83τῇ μετὰ ῥητοῦ μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιούσῃ μία μόνον προσαρμόζει εὐθεῖα δυνάμει ἀσύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης ποιοῦσα τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τετραγώνων μέσον, τὸ δὲ δὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ῥητόν.
To a straight line which produces with a rational area a medial whole only one straight line can be annexed which is incommensurable in square with the whole and makes with the whole the sum of the squares on them medial, but twice the rectangle contained by them rational.
ἔστω ἡ μετὰ ῥητοῦ μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιοῦσα ἡ ΑΒ, καὶ τῇ ΑΒ προσαρμοζέτω ἡ ΒΓ· αἱ ἄρα ΑΓ, ΓΒ δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι ποιοῦσαι τὰ προκείμενα·
For let AB be the straight line which produces with a rational area a medial whole, and let BC be annexed to AB; therefore AC, CB are incommensurable in square making the proposed things.
λέγω, ὅτι τῇ ΑΒ ἑτέρα οὐ προσαρμόσει τὰ αὐτὰ ποιοῦσα.
I say that to AB another straight line cannot be annexed which makes the same things.
εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, προσαρμοζέτω ἡ ΒΔ· καὶ αἱ ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἄρα εὐθεῖαι δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι ποιοῦσαι τὰ προκείμενα.
For, if possible, let BD be annexed; therefore AD, DB are also straight lines incommensurable in square making the proposed things.
ἐπεὶ οὖν, ᾧ ὑπερέχει τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, τούτῳ ὑπερέχει καὶ τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἀκολούθως τοῖς πρὸ αὐτοῦ, τὸ δὲ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ· ῥητὰ γάρ ἐστιν ἀμφότερα· καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ ἄρα τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ὑπερέχει ῥητῷ· ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀδύνατον· μέσα γάρ ἐστιν ἀμφότερα.
Since then, by that which the sum of the squares on AD, DB exceeds the sum of the squares on AC, CB, by this also twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB, in accordance with what preceded, and twice the rectangle contained by AD, DB exceeds twice the rectangle contained by AC, CB by a rational area (for both are rational); therefore the sum of the squares on AD, DB also exceeds the sum of the squares on AC, CB by a rational area; which is impossible (for both are medial).
οὐκ ἄρα τῇ ΑΒ ἑτέρα προσαρμόσει εὐθεῖα δυνάμει ἀσύμμετρος οὖσα τῇ ὅλῃ, μετὰ δὲ τῆς ὅλης ποιοῦσα τὰ προειρημένα· μία ἄρα μόνον προσαρμόσει· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
Therefore to AB another straight line cannot be annexed which is incommensurable in square with the whole and makes the aforesaid things with the whole; therefore only one can be annexed; which was to be proved.