§17#5ἐχρῆν δὲ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων τὴν αἰτίην ἐρευνῆσαι.
"But one ought to have investigated the cause from humans.
Οὐχ ὁρῇς ὅτι καὶ ὁ κόσμος μισανθρωπίης πεπλήρωται; ἄπειρα κατ’ αὐτέων πάθεα ξυνήθροικεν·
Do you not see that even the universe is filled with misanthropy, and has gathered infinite sufferings against them?
ὅλος ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκ γενετῆς νοῦσος ἐστὶ, τρεφόμενος, ἄχρηστος, ἱκέτης βοηθείης· αὐξανόμενος, ἀτάσθαλος, ἄφρων, διὰ χειρὸς παιδαγωγίης· ἀκμάζων, θρασύς· παρακμάζων, οἰκτρὸς, τοὺς ἰδίους πόνους ἀλογιστίη γεωργήσας· ἐκ μητρῴων γὰρ λύθρων ἐξέθορε τοιοῦτος.
The whole human being is a disease from birth: when being reared, useless, a suppliant for help; when growing, insolent, foolish, under the hand of training; when at his peak, bold; when declining, pitiable, having farmed his own labors through thoughtlessness; for from maternal blood-stains he leapt out as such.
Διὰ τοῦτο οἱ μὲν θυμικοὶ καὶ ὀργῆς ἀμέτρου γέμοντες, ἐν ξυμφορῇσι καὶ μάχῃσι, οἱ δ’ ἐν φθορῇσι καὶ μοιχείῃσι διὰ παντὸς, οἱ δ’ ἐν μέθῃσιν, οἱ δ’ ἐν ἐπιθυμίῃσι τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, οἱ δ’ ἐν ἀπωλείῃσι τῶν σφετέρων.
For this reason, some are passionate and full of immoderate anger, in misfortunes and battles; others are in corruption and adulteries continually; others in drunkenness; others in desires for things of others; others in destructions of their own.
Ὄφελον δύναμις ὑπῆρχε τὰς ἁπάντων οἰκήσιας ἀνακαλύψαντα μηδὲν ἀφεῖναι τῶν ἐντὸς παρακάλυμμα, εἶθ’ οὕτως ὁρῇν τὰ πρησσόμενα ἔνδον· ἴδωμεν ἂν οὓς μὲν ἐσθίοντας, οὓς δὲ ἐμέοντας, ἑτέρους δ’ αἰκίῃσι στρεβλέοντας, τοὺς δὲ φάρμακα κυκῶντας, τοὺς δὲ ξυννοέοντας ἐπιβουλίην, τοὺς δὲ ψηφίζοντας, ἄλλους χαίροντας, τοὺς δὲ κλαίοντας, τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ κατηγορίην φίλων ξυγγράφοντας, τοὺς δὲ διὰ φιλοδοξίην ἔκφρονας.
Would that there had been power to uncover the dwellings of all and leave no covering of what is within, and then in this way to see what is being done inside; we would see some eating, some vomiting, others twisting in tortures, some mixing drugs, some plotting designs, some voting, others rejoicing, some weeping, some drawing up accusations against friends, some out of their minds through love of glory.
Καὶ τά γε ἔτι βαθύτερα, αἱ πρήξιες τῶν κατὰ ψυχὴν κευθομένων, καὶ τουτέων ὁκόσοι μὲν νέοι, ὁκόσοι δὲ πρεσβῦται, αἰτεῦντες, ἀρνεόμενοι, πενόμενοι, περιουσιάζοντες, λιμῷ θλιβόμενοι, οἱ δὲ ἀσωτίῃ βεβαρυμένοι, ῥυπῶντες, δέσμιοι, οἱ δὲ τρυφῇσι γαυριῶντες, τρέφοντες, ἄλλοι σφάζοντες, ἄλλοι θάπτοντες, ὑπερορέοντες ἃ ἔχουσι, πρὸς τὰς ἐλπιζομένας κτήσιας ὡρμημένοι, μένοι, οἱ μὲν ἀναίσχυντοι, οἱ δὲ φειδωλοὶ, οἱ δὲ ἄπληστοι, οἷ μὲν φονεῦντες, οἱ δὲ τυπτόμενοι, οἱ δὲ ὑπερηφανεῦντες, οἱ δὲ ἐπτοημένοι κενοδοξίῃ· καὶ οἱ μὲν ἵπποισι παρεστεῶτες, οἱ δὲ ἀνδράσιν, οἱ δὲ κυσὶν, οἱ δὲ λίθοισιν ἢ ξύλοισιν, οἱ δὲ χαλκῷ, οἱ δὲ γραφῇσι· καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐν πρεσβείαις, οἱ δὲ ἐν στρατηγίῃσιν, οἱ δὲ ἐν ἱερωσύνῃσιν, οἱ δὲ στεφανηφορέοντες, οἱ δὲ ἔνοπλοι, οἱ δ’ ἀποκτεινόμενοι.
And the even deeper things, the actions of those hidden in the soul, and of these, as many as are young, as many as are old, begging, denying, being poor, abounding, pressed by hunger, others weighed down by luxury, dirty, bound, others prideful in luxuries, rearing, others slaughtering, others burying, overlooking what they have, rushing toward the hoped-for possessions, some shameless, others stingy, others greedy, some murdering, others being beaten, others being arrogant, others excited by vanity; and some standing by horses, others by men, others by dogs, others by stones or wood, others by bronze, others by paintings; and some in embassies, others in generalships, others in priesthoods, some wearing crowns, others armed, others being killed.
Φέρονται δὲ τουτέων ἕκαστοι, οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ ναυμαχίην, οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ στρατείην, οἱ δὲ ἐπ’ ἀγροικίην, ἕτεροι δὲ ἐπὶ φορτίδας ναῦς, οἱ δὲ ἐς ἀγορὴν, ἕτεροι δ’ ἐπ’ ἐκκλησίην, οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ θέητρον, οἱ δὲ ἐς φυγὴν, ἄλλοι δὲ ἀλλαχόσε· καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐς φιληδονίην καὶ ἡδυπαθείην καὶ ἀκρασίην, οἱ δὲ ἐς ἀργίην καὶ ῥᾳθυμίην.
And each of these is carried away, some to naval battle, some to campaign, some to rustic labor, others to merchant ships, some to the marketplace, others to the assembly, some to the theater, some to flight, others elsewhere; and some to love of pleasure and luxury and licentiousness, others to idleness and sloth.
Τὰς ἀναξίους οὖν καὶ δυστήνους ψυχὰς ὁρεῦντες καὶ τοσαύτας, πῶς μὴ χλευάσωμεν τὸν τοιήνδε ἀκρασίην ἔχοντα βίον αὐτέων;
Seeing, then, these unworthy and wretched souls, and so many of them, how should we not mock their life which has such licentiousness?
κάρτα γὰρ ἔλπομαι μηδὲ τὴν σὴν ἰητρικὴν ἁνδάνειν αὐτέοισιν· δυσαρεστέονται γὰρ ὑπ’ ἀκρασίης ἅπασι, καὶ μανίην τὴν σοφίην νομίζουσιν.
For I strongly expect that not even your medicine pleases them; for through licentiousness they are dissatisfied with all things, and they consider wisdom to be madness.
Ἤπου γὰρ ὑπονοέω σαφέως λωβᾶσθαί σου τὰ πολλὰ τῆς ἐπιστήμης ἢ διὰ φθόνον ἢ δι’ ἀχαριστίην· οἵ τε γὰρ νοσέοντες ἅμα τῷ σώζεσθαι τὴν αἰτίην θεοῖσιν ἢ τύχη, προσνέμουσι· πολλοὶ δὲ τῇ φύσει προσάψαντες, ἐχθαίρουσι τὸν εὐεργετήσαντα, μικροῦ δεῖν προσαγανακτεῦντες, εἰ νομίζονται χρεωφειλέται· οἵ τε πολλοὶ τὸ τῆς ἀτεχνίης ἐφ’ ἑωυτέοισιν ἔχοντες, ἀΐδριες ἐόντες, καθαιροῦσι τὸ κρέσσον· ἐν ἀναισθήτοισι γάρ εἰσιν αἱ ψῆφοι· οὔτε δ’ οἱ πάσχοντες συνομολογέειν ἐθέλουσιν, οὔτε οἱ ὁμοτεχνεῦγτες μαρτυρέειν· φθόνος γὰρ ἐνίσταται.
For indeed I clearly suspect that they outrage most of your science either through envy or through ingratitude; for those who are sick, as soon as they are saved, attribute the cause to gods or fortune; and many, having attached it to nature, hate the benefactor, being on the point of showing anger if they are considered debtors; and the majority, having the lack of art in themselves, being ignorant, bring down the superior; for among the senseless are the votes; and neither those who suffer are willing to agree, nor those of the same art to bear witness; for envy stands in the way.
Οὐκ ἀπείρῳ σοὶ τῶν τοιαυτέων λεσχέων ταῦτα σαφέω, εἰδὼς ἐν ἀναξιοπαθείῃσι σὲ πολλάκις γενηθέντα καὶ οὐ δι’ οὐσίῃν ἢ βασκανίην φιλοτωθάσσοντα· ἀτρεκίης γὰρ οὐδεμία οὔτε γνῶσις οὔτε μαρτυρίη. Ἐπεμειδία δὲ λέγων ταῦτα καί μοι Δαμάγητε, θεοειδής τις. κατεφαίνετο, καὶ τὴν προτέρην αὐτέου μορφὴν ἐξελελήσμην· καὶ φημὶ ὦ Δημόκριτε μεγαλόδοξε, μεγάλας γε τῶν σῶν ξενίων δωρεὰς εἰς Κῶ ἀποίσομαι· πολλοῦ γάρ με τῆς σῆς σοφίης θαυμασμοῦ πεπλήρωκας· ἀπονοστέω δέ σου κῆρυξ ἀληθείην ἀνθρωπίνης φύσιος ἐξιχνεύσαντος καὶ νοήσαντος.
To you, who are not inexperienced in such discourses, I make these things clear, knowing that you have often been in undeserved sufferings and that you do not mock out of wealth or malice; for there is neither knowledge nor testimony of truth." And as he said this, Damagetus, he smiled, and he appeared to me like someone godlike, and I had forgotten his former appearance; and I said, "O highly renowned Democritus, I shall carry back to Cos great gifts of your hospitality; for you have filled me with much admiration of your wisdom; and I return home as a herald of you, who have traced and understood the truth of human nature.
Θεραπείην δὲ λαβὼν παρὰ σεῦ τῆς ἐμῆς διανοίης, ἀπαλλάσσομαι, τῆς ὥρης τοῦτο ἀπαιτεούσης καὶ τῆς τοῦ σώματος τημελείης· αὔριον δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὸ ἑξῆς ἐν ταὐτῷ γενησόμεθα. Ἀνιστάμην ταῦτα εἰπὼν, καὶ ὃς ἦν ἕτοιμος ἐπακολουθεῖν, προσελθόντι δέ τινι, οὐκ οἶδ’ ὁκόθεν, ἀπεδίδου τὰ βιβλία.
Having received treatment from you for my own mind, I depart, since the hour demands this and the care of the body; and tomorrow and thereafter we shall be in the same place." Saying this, I stood up, and he was ready to follow, but to someone who approached, I know not whence, he gave back the books.
Κᾀγὼ ξυντονώτερον ἤπειξα, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ὄντως Ἀβδηρίτας ἐπὶ τῇ σκοπιῇ ἀναμένοντάς με, ἄνδρες, ἔφην, τῆς πρὸς ἐμὲ πρεσβείης χάρις ὑμῖν πολλή· Δημόκριτον γὰρ εἶδον, ἄνδρα σοφώτατον, σωφρονίζειν ἀνθρώπους μοῦνον δυνατώτατον. Ταῦτ’ ἔχω σοι περὶ Δημοκρίτεω, Δαμάγητε, φράζειν γηθοσύνως πάνυ.
And I hastened more intensely, and to the Abderites who were indeed waiting for me at the lookout, I said, "Men, great thanks to you for the embassy to me; for I have seen Democritus, a most wise man, who alone is most capable of making humans sober." This is what I have to tell you about Democritus, Damagetus, very joyfully indeed.
Ἔῤῥωσο.
Farewell.