§17#4Ὁ δὲ Δημόκριτος, μάλα, ἔφη, νωθὴς τὸν νόον ὑπάρχεις, καὶ μακρήν γε τῆς ἐμῆς γνώμης ἀπόδημος, Ἱππόκρατες, ἀταραξίης καὶ ταραχῆς μέτρα μὴ ἐπισκοπέων, δι’ ἄγνοιαν.
And Democritus said, "You are indeed very slow of mind, Hippocrates, and far journeyed from my opinion, because through ignorance you do not examine the measures of tranquility and disturbance.
Ταῦτα γὰρ αὐτὰ διανοίῃ φρενήρει διοικέοντες, αὐτοί τε ῥηϊδίως ἀπηλλάσσοντο, καὶ τὸν ἐμὸν ἐλώφεον γέλωτα.
For if they had managed these very things with a sound mind, they themselves would have easily escaped, and they would have appeased my laughter.
Νῦν δ’ ὡς ἐπαρηρόσι τοῖσιν ἐν τῷ βίῳ φρενοβλαβέες τετύφωνται ἀσυλλογίστῳ διανοίῃ τῆς ἀτάκτου φορῆς, δυσδίδακτοι· νουθεσίη γὰρ αὐτάρκης ὑπῆρχεν ἡ τῶν ξυμπάντων μεταβολὴ, ὀξείῃσι τροπῇσιν ἐμπίπτουσα, αἰφνίδιον τροχηλασίην παντοίην ἐννοέουσα.
But now, as if things in life were fixed, those who are mentally impaired are deluded in their thoughtless opinion of the disorderly course, being hard to teach; for the change of all things was a sufficient warning, falling upon them with sharp turnings, suddenly suggesting all kinds of wheeling.
Οἱ δ’ ὡς ἐπ’ ἀρηρυίῃ καὶ βεβαίῃ ἐκλελησμένοι παθέων κατὰ τὸ ξυνεχὲς ἐμπιπτόντων ἄλλοτε ἄλλως ποθεῦντες τὰ λυπέοντα, διζήμενοι τὰ μὴ ξυμφέροντα, ἐγκαλινδεῦνται πολλῇσι ξυμφορῆσιν.
But they, as if life were fixed and secure, having forgotten the sufferings that fall upon them continuously, at other times desiring in other ways things that pain them, seeking things that are not beneficial, wallow in many misfortunes.
Εἰ δέ τις ἐμερμήριζεν κατὰ δύναμιν ἰδίην τὰ ξύμπαντα ἕρδειν, ἀδιάπτωτον ἐφρούρεε ζωὴν, ἑωυτὸν ἐξεπιστάμενος, καὶ ξύγκρισιν ἰδίην σαφέως κατανοήσας, καὶ μὴ τῆς ἐπιθυμίης τὴν σπουδὴν ἀόριστον ἐκτείνων, τὴν δὲ πλουσίην φύσιν καὶ πάντων τιθηνὸν δι’ αὐταρκείης ὁρέων.
But if someone had striven to do all things according to his own power, he would have guarded a life free from tripping, knowing himself thoroughly, and clearly understanding his own constitution, and not extending the eagerness of desire boundlessly, but seeing the rich nature and nurse of all things through self-sufficiency.
Καθάπερ δ’ ἡ τῶν παχέων εὐεξίη κίνδυνος πρόδηλος, οὕτω τὸ μέγεθος τῶν εὐτυχημάτων σφαλερόν ἐστιν· ἀρίσημοι δ’ ἐν τῇσι κακοδαιμονίῃσι ξυνθεωρεῦνται.
Just as the good health of the fat is a manifest danger, so the magnitude of successes is slippery; and they are seen very clearly in misfortunes.
Ἄλλοι δὲ τὰ τῶν παλαιῶν μὴ ἱστορέοντες ὑπὸ τῆς ἰδίης κακοπραγίης ἀπώλοντο, τὰ δῆλα καθάπερ ἄδηλα μὴ προθεωρεῦντες, ὑπόδειγμα τὸν μακρὸν βίον ἔχοντες γενομένων καὶ μὴ γενομένων, ἐξ ὧν καὶ τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐχρῆν κατανοῆσαι.
And others, not investigating the deeds of the ancients, have perished by their own bad plight, not foreseeing clear things as if they were unclear, having the long life as an example of things that happened and did not happen, from which they ought to have understood also what is to be.
Ταῦθ’ ὁ ἐμὸς γέλως, ἄφρονες ἄνθρωποι, πονηρίης δίκας ἐκτίνοντες, φιλαργυρίης, ἀπληστίης, ἔχθρης, ἐνέδρης, ἐπιβουλίης, βασκανίης, ἀργαλέον ἐξειπεῖν πολυμηχανίην κακῶν, ἀπειρίη γάρ τίς ἐστι κᾀν τουτέοισι, δολοπλοκίῃσιν ἀνθαμιλλεῦντες, σκολιόφρονες· ἀρετῆς δὲ παρ’ αὐτοῖσι τρόπος ἐστὶ τὸ χέρειον, φιλοψευδίην γὰρ ἀσκέουσι, φιληδονίην κοσμέουσι, νόμοισιν ἀπιθεῦντες ὁ δὲ αὐτέων κατακρίνει τὴν ἀπροαιρεσίην, μήτε ὁρήσιος μήτε ἀκοῆς μετέχοντας· μούνη δ’ αἴσθησις ἀνθρώπου ἀτρεκείῃ διανοίης τηλαυγὴς, τό τε ἐὸν καὶ τὸ ἐσόμενον προορεομένη.
This is my laughter: foolish men, paying the penalties of wickedness, avarice, greed, hostility, ambush, plot, envy—it is painful to speak of the multi-device of evils, for there is a kind of infinity in these too—contending in intrigues, crooked-minded; and the way of virtue with them is the worse, for they practice love of falsehood, they adorn love of pleasure, disobeying the laws; and their own reason condemns their lack of choice, as those who share in neither seeing nor hearing; and the only sense of man is the far-shining one by the certainty of intellect, foreseeing both what is and what is to be.
Δυσαρεστεῦνται πᾶσι, καὶ πάλιν τοῖσιν αὐτέοισιν ἐμπελάζονται, ἀρνησάμενοι πλόον πλέουσι, γεωργίην ἀπειπάμενοι αὖθις γεωργεῦσιν, ἐκβάλλοντες γαμετὴν ἑτέρην εἰσάγονται, γεννήσαντες ἔθαψαν, θάψαντες ἐγέννησαν, πάλιν τρέφουσι, γῆρας ηὔξαντο, ἐς αὐτὸ δ’ ἀφικόμενοι στενάζουσιν, ἐν οὐδεμιῇ καταστάσει βέβαιον ἔχοντες τὴν γνώμην· ἡγεμόνες καὶ βασιλέες μακαρίζουσι τὸν ἰδιώτην, ὁ δὲ ἰδιώτης ὀρέγεται βασιλείης, ὁ πολιτευόμενος τὸν χειροτεχνεῦντα ὡς ἀκίνδυνον, ὁ δὲ χειροτέχνῆς ἐκεῖνον ὡς εὐτονεῦντα κατὰ πάντων.
They are dissatisfied with all things, and again they draw near to the very same things; having denied seafaring they sail, having renounced agriculture they till the land again, casting out a wife they bring in another, having begotten they buried, having buried they begot, and again they rear; they prayed for old age, and having reached it they groan, holding their opinion firm in no state; leaders and kings call the private citizen blessed, but the private citizen reaches for kingship, the politician envies the craftsman as free from danger, and the craftsman envies the former as powerful over all.
Τὴν γὰρ ὀρθὴν κέλέυθον τῆς ἀρετῆς οὐ θεωρεῦσι καθαρὴν καὶ λείην καὶ ἀπρόσπταιστον, εἰς ἣν οὐδεὶς τετόλμηκεν ἐμβαίνειν· φέρονται δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπειθῆ καὶ σκολιὴν, τρηχυβατέοντες, καταφερόμενοι καὶ προσκόπτοντες, οἱ δὲ πλεῖστοι ἐκπίπτοντες, ἀσθμαίνοντες ὡς διωκόμενοι, ἐρίζοντες, ὑστερέοντες, προηγεύμενοι.
For they do not see the right path of virtue, clean and smooth and free from tripping, on which no one has dared to enter; but they are carried onto the disobedient and crooked path, walking on rough ground, being carried down and stumbling, and most of them falling out, panting as if pursued, contending, lagging behind, leading the way.
Καὶ οὓς μὲν αὐτέων ἔρωτες ἀτάσθαλοι ὑποπεπρήκασιν ἀλλοτρίης φῶρας εὐνῆς, ἀναιδείῃ πισύνους· οὓς δὲ τήκει φιλαργυρίη νοῦσος ἀόριστος· οἱ δ’ ἀλλήλοισιν ἀντεπιτίθενται· οἱ δ’ ὑπὸ φιλοδοξίης ἐς ἠέρα ἀνενεχθέντες βρίθει κακίης ἐς βυθὸν ἀπωλείης καταφέρονται.
And some of them foolish loves have set on fire for the theft of another's bed, trusting in shamelessness; others boundless disease of avarice melts; others attack one another; others, raised into the air by love of glory, are carried down by the weight of vice into the depth of destruction.
Κατασκάπτουσιν, εἶτα ἐποικοδομέουσι, χαρίζονται, εἶτα μετανοοῦσι, καὶ ἀφαιρεῦνται τὰ φιλίης δίκαια, κακοπραγεῦντες ἐς ἔχθρην, τὰ ξυγγενείης πολεμοποιεῦντες, καὶ τουτέων πάντων αἰτίη ἡ φιλαργυρίη.
They tear down, then build up, they grant favors, then repent, and take away the rights of friendship, acting badly into hostility, making relatives hostile, and the cause of all these is avarice.
Τί νηπίων ἀθυρόντων διαφέρουσι, παρ’ οἷσιν ἄκριτος μὲν ἡ γνώμη, τὸ δὲ προσπεσὸν τερπνόν;
How do they differ from playing infants, with whom the judgment is uncritical and what falls in their way is pleasant?
Ἐν δὲ τοῖσι θυμοῖσι τί περισσὸν ζώοισιν ἀλόγοισι παραλελοίπασιν; πλὴν ὅτι ἐν αὐταρκείῃ μένουσιν οἱ θῆρες.
And in passions, what surplus have they left to irrational animals, except that wild beasts remain in self-sufficiency?
Τίς γὰρ λέων ἐς γῆν κατέκρυψε χρυσόν;
For what lion has hidden gold in the earth?
τίς ταῦρος πλεονεξίην ἐκορύσατο;
What bull has armed himself with greed?
τίς πάρδαλις ἀπληστίην κεχώρηκε;
What leopard has contained insatiability?
διψῇ μὲν ἄργιος σῦς, ὅσον ὕδατος ὠρέχθη· λύκος δὲ δαρδάψας τὸ προσπεσὸν τῆς ἀναγκαίης τροφῆς ἀναπέπαυται· ἡμέρῃσι δὲ καὶ νυξὶ ξυναπτομένῃσιν οὐκ ἔχει θοίνης κόρον ὤνθρωπος.
The wild boar thirsts for as much water as it desires; the wolf, having devoured what falls in its way of necessary food, rests; but man, during days and nights joined together, has no satiety of feasting.
Καὶ χρόνων μὲν ἐνιαυσίων τάξις ὀχείης ἀλόγων τέρμα ἐστὶν, ὁ δὲ τὸ διηνεκὲς οἰστρομανίην ἔχει τῆς ἀσελγείης.
And the order of yearly times is the limit of mating for irrational animals, but he has the frenzied madness of licentiousness continually.
Ἱππόκρατες, μὴ γελάσω τὸν κλαίοντα δι’ ἔρωτα, ὅτι ξυμφερόντως ἀποκέκλεισται, μάλιστα δ’ ἢν ῥιψοκίνδυνος ᾖ, καὶ φέρηται κατὰ κρημνῶν ἢ βυθῶν πελάγους, ἐπιτενῶ τὸν γέλωτα;
Hippocrates, shall I not laugh at the one weeping for love, because he has been shut out beneficially, and especially if he is reckless, and is carried down cliffs or depths of the sea, shall I not increase my laughter?
μὴ γελάσω τὸν τὴν νῆα πολλοῖσι φορτίοισι βαπτίσαντα, εἶτα μεμφόμενον τῇ θαλάσσῃ ὅτι κατεβύθισεν αὐτὴν πλήρεα;
Shall I not laugh at the one who has submerged his ship with many cargoes, then blames the sea because it sank it full?
ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδ’ ἀξίως δοκέω γελῇν, ἐξευρεῖν δὲ κατ’ αὐτέων ἤθελόν τι λυπηρόν· ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ ἰητρικὴν ὑπὲρ τουτέων ἐχρῆν εἶναι, μήτε τεχνώμενον παιήονα φάρμακα· ὁ σὸς πρόγονος Ἀσκληπιὸς νουθεσίη σοι γινέσθω, σώζων ἀνθρώπους κεραυνοῖσίν ηὐχαρίστηται.
Indeed I do not even think I laugh worthily, but I wished to find out something painful against them; but there ought not to be medicine for them, nor any physician devising healing drugs; let your ancestor Asclepius be a warning to you, who for saving men was rewarded with thunderbolts.
Οὐχ ὁρῇς ὅτι κᾀγὼ τῆς κακίης μοῖρα εἰμὶ, μανίης διζήμενος αἰτίην, ζῶα κατακτείνω καὶ ἀνατέμνω;
Do you not see that I too am a part of wickedness, seeking the cause of madness, killing and dissecting animals?"