§17#3ὁ δ’ ὑπολαβὼν, πλλαί γε, φησὶν, ἀπειρίαι κόσμων εἰσὶν, Ἱππόκρατες, καὶ μηδαμῶς, ἑταῖρε, κατασμικρολόγει πλουσίην τὴν φύσιν ἐοῦσαν. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν, ἔφην, Δημόκριτε, διδάξεις ἐν ἰδίῳ καιρῷ, εὐλαβέομαι γὰρ μή πως καὶ τὴν ἀπειρίην διεξιὼν γελᾷν ἄρξῃ·
And he, interrupting, said, "There are indeed many, Hippocrates, infinite worlds, and by no means, my friend, underestimate nature, which is rich." "But these things, Democritus," I said, "you shall teach me at a proper time, for I fear lest somehow, while explaining the infinity of worlds, you may begin to laugh again.
ἴσθι δὲ νῦν περὶ τοῦ σέο γέλωτος τῷ βίῳ λόγον δώσων. Ὁ δὲ μάλα τρανὸν ἐπιδών μοι, δύο, φησὶ, τοῦ ἐμοῦ γέλωτος αἰτίας δοκέεις, ἀγαθὰ καὶ φαῦλα· ἐγὼ δὲ ἕνα γελῶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀνοίης μὲν γέμοντα, κενεὸν δὲ πρηγμάτων ὀρθῶν, πάσῃσιν ἐπιβουλῇσι νηπιάζοντα, καὶ μηδεμιῆς ἕνεκεν ὠφελείης ἀλγέοντα τοὺς ἀνηνύτους μόχθους, πείρατα γῆς καὶ ἀορίστους μυχοὺς ἀμέτροισιν ἐπιθυμίῃσιν ὁδεύοντα, ἄργυρον τήκοντα καὶ χρυσὸν, καὶ μὴ παυόμενον τῆς κτήσιος ταύτης, αἰεὶ δὲ θορυβεύμενον περὶ τὸ πλέον, ὅκως αὐτοῦ ἐλάσσων μὴ γένηται·
But know now that you must render an account to life concerning your laughter." And he, looking at me very sharply, said, "You think indeed that there are two causes of my laughter, good things and bad; but I laugh at one thing: man, who is full of folly, empty of right actions, playing the child in all his schemes, and suffering endless labors for no benefit, traveling to the ends of the earth and limitless recesses with immoderate desires, melting silver and gold, and not ceasing from this acquisition, but always being troubled about having more, lest his portion become less than himself.
καὶ οὐδὲν αἰσχύνεται λεγόμενος εὐδαίμων, ὅτι χάσματα γῆς ὀρύσσει δεσμίων χερσὶν, ὧν οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ σομφῆς ἐπιπεσούσης τῆς γῆς ἐφθάρησαν, οἱ δὲ πολλῷ χρόνῳ ταύτην ἔχοντες τὴν ἀνάγαην ὡς ἐν πατρίδι τῇ κολάσει παραμένουσιν, ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον μαστεύοντες, ἴχνη κόνιος καὶ ψήγματα ἐρευνῶντες, ψάμμον ἄλλην ἀλλαχόθεν ἀγείροντες, καὶ τῆς γῆς φλέβας ἐκτέμνοντες, ἐς περιουσίην αἰεὶ βωλοκοπέοντες, ποιέοντες ἐκ γῆς τῆς μητρὸς πολεμίην γῆν, καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐοῦσαν καὶ θαυμάζουσι καὶ πατέουσιν·
And he is not at all ashamed to be called happy, because he digs chasms of the earth with the hands of prisoners, of whom some indeed, by the collapse of the loose earth, have perished, while others, having this constraint for a long time, remain in their punishment as if in a homeland, searching for silver and gold, examining traces of dust and nuggets, collecting different sand from different places, and cutting out the veins of the earth, always breaking clods of earth for the sake of abundance, making a hostile land out of earth their mother, and they both admire and trample the very same thing.
ὅσος γέλως, ἐπιμόχθου καὶ κρυφίης γῆς ἐρῶσι τὴν φανερὴν ὑβρίζοντες.
What a laughter! They love the troublesome and hidden earth, while insulting the visible one.
Κύνας ὠνεῦνται, οἱ δ’ ἵππους, οἱ δὲ χώρην πολλὴν περιορίζοντες ἰδίην ἐπιγράφουσιν, καὶ πολλῆς ἐθέλοντες δεσπόζειν οὐδὲ αὐτέων δύνανται·
Some buy dogs, others horses, and others, enclosing much territory, sign it as their own, and while wishing to master much land, they cannot even master themselves.
γαμεῖν σπεύδουσιν, ἃς μετ’ ὀλίγον ἐκβάλλουσιν, ἐρῶσιν, εἶτα μισέουσι, μετ’ ἐπιθυμίης γεννῶσιν, εἶτ’ ἐπβάλλουσι τελείους.
They hasten to marry, whom after a short time they cast out; they love, and then hate; they beget children with desire, and then cast them out when they are grown.
Τίς ἡ κενὴ σπουδὴ καὶ ἀλόγιστος, μηδὲν μανίης διαφέρουσας πολεμοῦσιν ἔμφυλον, ἠρεμίην οὐχ αἱρετίζοντες· ἀντενεδρεύουσι βασιλέας, ἀνδροφονέουσι, γῆν ὀρύσσοντες ἀργύριον ζητοῦσιν, ἀργύριον εὑρόντες γῆν ἐθέλουσι πρίασθαι, ὠνησάμενοι γῆν καρποὺς πιπράσκουσι, καρποὺς ἀποδόμενοι πάλιν ἀργύριον λαμβάνουσιν.
What is this empty and irrational eagerness, differing in nothing from madness? They wage civil war, not choosing tranquility; they plot against kings, commit murders, dig the earth seeking silver, and having found silver they wish to buy land, and having bought land they sell crops, and having sold crops they receive silver again.
Ἐν ὅσῃσι μεταβολῇσιν εἰσὶν, ἐν ὅσῃ κακίῃ·
In how many changes they are, in how many vices!
οὐσίην μὴ ἔχοντες οὐσίην ποθέουσιν, ἔχοντες κρύπτουσιν, ἀφανίζουσιν.
Not having property they desire property, and having it they hide and conceal it.
Καταγελῶ ἐφ’ οἷσι κακοπραγέουσιν, ἐπιτείνω τὸν γέλωτα ἐφ’ οἷς δυστυχέουσι, θεσμοὺς γὰρ ἀληθείης παραβεβήκασι, φιλονεικέοντες ἔχθρῃ πρὸς ἀλλήλους, δῆριν ἔχουσι μετὰ ἀδελφεῶν καὶ τοκήων καὶ πολιτέων, καὶ ταῦτα ὑπὲρ τοιουτέων κτημάτων ὧν οὐδεὶς θανὼν δεσπότης ἐστὶν, ἀλληλοκτονέουσιν, ἀθεσμόβια φρονεῦντες φίλων καὶ πατρίδων ἀπορίην ὑπερορῶσι, πλουτίζουσι τὰ ἀνάξια καὶ τὰ ἄψυχα, ὅλης τῆς οὐσίης ἀνδριάντας ὠνέονται, ὅτι δοκέει λαλεῖν τὸ ἄγαλμα, τοὺς δὲ ἀληθέως λαλέοντας μισεῦσιν.
I laugh at them when they act badly, and I increase my laughter when they are unfortunate, for they have transgressed the laws of truth. Contending with hostility against one another, they have strife with brothers, parents, and fellow citizens, and this for the sake of such possessions of which no one when dead is master; they kill one another, thinking of unlawful lives, they overlook the neediness of friends and homelands; they enrich worthless and inanimate things, and they buy statues with all their substance because the image seems to speak, but they hate those who speak in truth.
Τῶν μὴ ῥηϊδίων ἐφίενται· καὶ γὰρ ἤπειρον οἰκεῦντες θάλασσαν ποθέουσι, καὶ πάλιν ἐν νήσοισιν ἐόντες ἠπείρων γλίχονται, καὶ πάντα διαστρέφουσιν ἐς ἰδίην ἐπιθυμίην.
They desire things that are not easy; for indeed, dwelling on the mainland they desire the sea, and again being in islands they long for mainlands, and they distort everything to their own desire.
Καὶ δοκέουσι μὲν ἐν πολέμῳ ἀνδρείην ἐπαινέεσθαι, νικῶνται δὲ καθ’ ἡμερην ὑπὸ τῆς ἀσελγείης, ὑπὸ τῆς φιλαργυρίης, ὑπὸ τῶν παθέων πάντῶν, ἃ νοσέουσι.
And they seem indeed to be praised for courage in war, but they are conquered daily by licentiousness, by avarice, and by all the passions which they suffer as a disease.
Θερσῖται δ’ εἰσὶ τοῦ βίου πάντες.
They are all Thersites of life.
Τί δὲ τὸν ἐμὸν, Ἱππόκρατες, ἐμέμψω γέλωτα;
Why indeed, Hippocrates, did you blame my laughter?
οὐ γὰρ αὐτός τις τῆς ἰδίης ἀνοίης, ἀλλὰ ἄλλος ἄλλου καταγελᾷ, οἱ μὲν τῶν μεθυόντων, ὅταν αὐτοὶ δοκέωσι νήφειν, οἱ δὲ τῶν ἐρώντων, χαλεπωτέρην νοῦσον νοσεῦντες αὐτοὶ, οἱ δὲ τῶν πλεόντων, ἄλλοι δὲ τῶν περὶ γεωργίην ἀσχοληθέντων· οὐ συμφωνέουσι γὰρ οὔτε ταῖς τέχναις οὔτε τοῖς ἔργοις. Ἐγὼ δὲ, ταῦτα μὲν, ἔφην, κρήγυα, Δημόκριτε, οὐδ’ ἄλλος τις ἂν εἴη λόγος ἁρμοδιώτερος ἐξαγγέλλων ταλαιπωρίην θνητῶν·
For no one laughs at his own folly, but one laughs at another: some at those who are drunk, when they themselves think they are sober; others at those who are in love, being themselves sick with a more difficult disease; others at those who sail, and others at those who are busy with agriculture; for they agree neither in their skills nor in their actions." And I said, "These things indeed are true, Democritus, nor could there be any other speech more appropriate to declare the misery of mortals.
ἀλλ’ αἱ πρήξιες νομοθετέουσυτὴν ἀναγκαίην, οἰκονομίης τε εἵνεκα καὶ ναυπηγίης καὶ τῆς ἑτέρης πολιτείης, ἐν ᾗ χρεὼν εἶναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον· οὐ γὰρ εἰς ἀργίην αὐτὸν ἡ φύσις ἐγέννησεν·
But activities legislate the necessary things, for the sake of household management and shipbuilding and other civic life, in which it is necessary for man to be; for nature did not beget him for idleness.
ἐκ τουτέων δὲ πάλιν φιλοδοξίη χυθεῖσα ἔσφηλε πολλῶν ὀρθογνώμονα ψυχὴν, σπουδαζόντων μὲν ἅπαντα ὡς ἐπὶ ἀδιαπτωσίῃ, μὴ κατευτονεόντων δὲ τὴν ἀδηλότητα προορῆσθαι.
But from these, on the other hand, love of glory having poured in has tripped the right-minded soul of many, who are eager indeed for everything as if for infallibility, but are not strong enough to foresee uncertainty.
Ἤ που γάρ τις, ὦ Δημόκριτε, γαμέων ἢ χωρισμὸν ἢ θάνατον προσεδόκησεν;
For indeed, Democritus, who when marrying expected either separation or death?
τίς δ’ ὁμοίως παιδοτροφέων ἀπώλειαν;
Or who likewise when rearing children expected their loss?
ἀλλ’ οὐδ’ ἐν γεωργίῃ καὶ πλόῳ καὶ βασιλείῃ καὶ ἡγεμονίῃ καὶ πάνθ’ ὅσ’ ὑπάρχει κατὰ τὸν αἰῶνα· οὐδεὶς γὰρ προϋπέλαβε πταῖσαι, ἀλλ’ ἀγαθῇσιν ἕκαστος τουτέων ἐλπίσι φέρβεται, τῶν δὲ χερειόνων οὐ μέμνηται·
But neither in agriculture, nor in sailing, nor in kingship, nor in leadership, nor in all things that exist in life; for no one pre-supposed that he would trip, but each of them is fed by good hopes, and of the worse things he has no memory.
μή ποτ’ οὖν ὁ σὸς γέλως τουτέοισιν ἀνάρμοστος;
Is not, then, your laughter unsuited to these?"