Humanitext Reader

Hippocrates · On Superfetation §29

Treating Cervical Infertility and Menstrual Irregularity

Passage 5 of 7 · Greek

Summary

Detailed procedures for treating infertility and menstrual disorders caused by cervical hardening or displacement are described, including purging, fumigation, probing, dietary regimens, and treatment for healthy cervix infertility and obesity.

§2929.
29.
Κυήσιος δὲ καὶ παιδοποιΐης ἥτις δεῖται καὶ ἄτεκνος ἐοῦσα καὶ ἤδη κυήσασα, ἐοῦσα δὲ τεκνοῦσα, ὅταν ὁ στόμαχος σκληρὸς ᾖ, ἄκρος ἢ ὅλος, ἢ ξυμμεμύκῃ, καὶ μὴ ὀρθὸς ᾖ, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ ἰσχίον ἀπεστραμμένος τὸ ἕτερον, ἢ ἐς τὸν ἀρχὸν κεκύφῃ ἢ ἀνεσπάκῃ ἑωυτὸν, ἢ τὸ χείλος ἐπιβάλλῃ τοῦ στομάχου ἐφ’ ἑωυτὸ, ὁκόθεν οὖν ἢ τρηχὺς καὶ πεπωρωμένος ᾖ, σκληρὸς δὲ γίνεται καὶ ἀπὸ συμμύσιος καὶ ἀπὸ πωρώσιος, ταύτῃσι τὰ ἐπιμήνια οὐ φαίνεται, ἢ ἐλάσσονα τοῦ δέοντος, καὶ διὰ πλέονος χρόνου ἐπιφαίνεται.
For whoever needs conception and childbearing, whether being childless, or having already conceived, or being childbearing, when the mouth of the womb is hard, either at its tip or completely, or is closed, and is not straight, but turned away towards the one of the hips, or bent towards the rectum, or has drawn itself up, or the lip of the cervix overlaps upon itself, or from whatever cause is rough and calloused—and it becomes hard both from closure and from callosity—in these women the menses do not appear, or are less than what is proper, and appear at longer intervals.
Ἔστι δὲ ἐν ᾗσι τὰ ἐπιμήνια κατὰ ὑγιείην τοῦ σώματος καὶ τῶν μητρέων τὴν ἔξοδον εὑρίσκεται· καὶ κατά γε τὸ ξύμφυτον καὶ δίκαιον, καὶ ὑπὸ θερμότητος καὶ ὑγρότητος τῶν ἐπιμηνίων τοῦ στομάχου μὴ κάρτα βεβλαμμένου· τὴν δὲ γονὴν διὰ τοῦτο οὐ δέχεται κατὰ τὴν βλάβην, ἥτις ἂν κωλύῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ στομάχου μὴ καλῶς ἔχοντος τοῦ δέχεσθαι.
But there are some women in whom the menses find an exit in accordance with the health of the body and of the womb; and indeed, in accordance with what is natural and right, and when the mouth of the womb is not greatly damaged by the heat and moisture of the menses; but nevertheless, she does not receive the seed on this account according to the damage which prevents it because of the mouth of the womb not being in a good state to receive.
Ταύτῃ χρὴ, πυριήσαντα τὸ σῶμα ὅλον, δοῦναι πιεῖν φάρμακον, καὶ καθαρὴν ποιήσασθαι τοῦ σώματος πρῶτον, ἤν τε ἄνω καὶ κάτω δέηται, ἤν τε ἄνω μοῦνον· καὶ ἢν μὲν ἄνω διδῷς τὸ φάρμακον, μὴ πυριῇν πρότερον τῆς καθάρσιος· πυριήσας δὲ μεταπῖσαι κάτω· ἢν δὲ μὴ δοκέῃ δεῖσθαι ἀνωτερικοῦ, προπυριήσας, κάτω πῖσαι.
For this woman, having steamed her whole body, one must give her a remedy to drink, and first make a purification of her body, whether she needs it both upwards and downwards, or upwards only; and if you give the remedy upwards, do not steam before the purification; but having steamed, then give the drink downwards; but if she does not seem to need an upward remedy, having steamed beforehand, give the drink downwards.
Ὅταν δὲ δοκέῃ καλῶς ἔχειν καθάρσιος τὸ σῶμα, μετὰ τοῦτο πυριῇν τὰς μήτρας, ἐγκαθίζοντα αὐτὰς πυκνὰ ἐν ὅτῳ ἂν δοκέῃ ξυμφέρειν· ἐπιβάλλειν δὲ ἐς τὸ πυρίημα κυπαρίσσου ῥινήματα καὶ δάφνης φύλλα κόψας· καὶ λούειν πολλῷ καὶ θερμῷ.
When the body seems to be in a good state of purification, after this steam the womb, making them sit often in whatever seems to be beneficial; and throw into the steam bath shavings of cypress and leaves of laurel, having pounded them; and bathe her with much warm water.
Ὅταν δὲ νεόλουτος ᾖ καὶ νεοπυρίητος, ἀνευρύνειν τὸ στόμα τῆς μήτρης τῇ μήλῃ τῇ κασσιτερίνῃ, καὶ ἀνορθοῦν ὅπη ἂν δέηται, ἢ μολιβδίνῃ, ἀρξάμενος ἐκ λεπτῆς, εἶτα παχυτέρῃ, ἢν παραδέχηται, ἕως ἂν δοκέῃ καλῶς ἔχειν· βάπτειν δὲ τὰς μήλας ἐν ἑνὶ τῶν μαλθακτηρίων διειμένῳ ὅ τι ἂν δοκέῃ ξυμφέρειν, ὑγρὸν ποιήσας· τὰς δὲ μήλας ποιέειν ὄπισθεν κοίλας, εἶτα περὶ ξύλοισι μακροτέροισιν ἁρμόσαι, καὶ οὕτω χρῆσθαι.
And when she is newly bathed and newly steamed, dilate the mouth of the womb with the tin probe, and straighten it wherever it is necessary, or with the lead probe, beginning from a thin one, then to a thicker one, if she admits it, until it seems to be in a good state; and dip the probes in one of the softening remedies dissolved, having made it liquid; and make the probes hollow at the back, then fit them around longer pieces of wood, and use them thus.
Τὸν δὲ χρόνον τοῦτον πινέτω, καθεψοῦσα ἐν οἴνῳ εὐώδει λευκῷ καὶ ὡς ἡδίστῳ γλυκεί, δαῖδα ὡς πιοτάτην κατασχίσασα λεπτὰ, καὶ σελίνου καρπὸν κόψασα καὶ κυμίνου αἰθιοπικοῦ καρπὸν καὶ λιβανωτὸν ὡς κάλλιστον· τουτέου πινέτω νῆστις ὁκόσον ἂν δοκέῃ μέτριον εἶναι πλῆθος, ἡμέρας ὁκόσας ἂν δοκέῃ ἅλις ἔχειν καὶ ἐσθιέτω σκυλάκια ἑφθὰ καὶ πουλύποδα ἐν οἴνῳ ἑφθὸν ἢ γλυκεῖ· καὶ τοῦ ζῶμοῦ πινέτω, καὶ κράμβην ἑφθὴν, καὶ οἶνον λευκὸν ἐπιπινέτω, καὶ μὴ διψήτω· καὶ λουέσθω θερμῷ δὶς τῆς ἡμέρης· σιτίων δὲ ἀπεχέσθω τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον.
During this time let her drink, having boiled in sweet-smelling white wine, and sweet as pleasant as possible, having split very fatty pine-wood thin, and having pounded celery seed and Ethiopian cumin seed and the finest frankincense; let her drink of this fasting as much as seems to be a moderate quantity, for as many days as seem to be sufficient, and let her eat boiled puppies and octopus boiled in wine or sweet wine; and let her drink of the broth, and eat boiled cabbage, and drink white wine after it, and let her not thirst; and let her bathe with warm water twice a day; and let her abstain from food during this time.
Μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο, ἢν μὲν χωρέῃ κατὰ τὸν στόμαχον καὶ φαίνηταί τι ἔξω καθάρσιος, πίνειν τε ἔτι τοῦ πόματος ἡμέρην μίην καὶ δύο, καὶ τῇσι μήλῃσι παύεσθαι χρεομένους, καὶ πειρῆσθαι καθαίρειν τὰς μήτρας προσθέτοισι φαρμάκοισιν.
After this, if it flows through the mouth of the womb and some purification appears outwardly, continue to drink of the beverage for yet one or two days, and cease using the probes, and try to cleanse the womb with applied remedies.
ᾟτινὶ δὲ τοῦ στομάχου ὀρθοῦ καὶ μαλθακοῦ καὶ ὑγιέος ἐόντος καὶ καλῶς ἔχοντος καὶ ἐν τῷ δέοντι κειμένου τὰ ἐπιμήνια μὴ φαίνεται πάμπαν ἢ ἐλάσσονα καὶ διὰ πλείονος χρόνου καὶ μὴ ὑγιεινὰ, τὴν νοῦσον ἀνευρὼν ἥν τινα ἔχουσιν αἱ μῆτραι, ἤν τε καὶ τὸ σῶμα ξυμβάλληταί τι, ἐξευρὼν τὸ αἴτιον ἀφ’ οὗπερ οὐ κυΐσκεται· καὶ ὅτε οὕτως ἔχει, τὴν ἴησιν ποιέεσθαι προσφέρων ἥν δέχεται θεραπηΐην, ἀρχόμενος ἐξ ἰσχυρῶν, ὅκως ἂν δοκέῃ καιρὸς εἶναι, τελευτᾷν δὲ ἐς μαλθακώτερα, ἕως ἂν δοκέῃ καλῶς ἔχειν καθάρσιος ἡ μήτρη καὶ ὁ στόμαχος καθεστηκέναι ὀρθῶς ἔχων καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐξαρκέοντι κείμενος.
But in any woman whose mouth of the womb is straight, soft, healthy, in a good state, and lying in the proper place, yet the menses do not appear at all, or are less and at longer intervals and unhealthy, having found out what disease the womb has, and whether the body also contributes something to it, and having discovered the cause from which she does not conceive; and when it is so, perform the cure by applying whatever treatment she admits, beginning from strong ones, as the opportunity seems to be, and ending with softer ones, until the womb seems to be in a good state of purification and the mouth of the womb is settled, being straight and lying in a sufficient state.
Ἢν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ποτοῦ καὶ φαρμάκου μὴ προχωρήσῃ, μηδὲ πινούσης χρόνον τὸν μέτριον, τουτέου μὴ παύεσθαι τοῦ πόματος· ὅταν δὲ καλῶς ἔχῃ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν μηλέων ἔργου, μαλθάξαι τὸ στόμα τοῦ στομάχου, καὶ ποιῆσαι ὅκως ἀναχανεῖται ἐς ὁδὸν τῷ προσθέτῳ, ἀπὸ θυμιητῶν τε φαρμάκων καὶ μαλθακτηρίων.
But if it does not proceed from the drink and the remedy, even when she drinks for a moderate time, do not cease from this drink; and when the work from the probes is in a good state, soften the entrance of the mouth of the womb, and make it open for the way of the applied remedy, by means of fumigating remedies and softening ones.
Ὅταν δὲ δοκέῃ καλῶς ἔχειν μαλθάξιος καὶ θυμιήσιος, προστιθεὶς φάρμακον, κάθαρσιν ποιέεσθαι τῆς μήτρης ὡς ἂν δοκέῃ καλῶς ἔχειν, ἀρχόμενος ἐκ μαλθακῶν ἐπὶ ἰσχυρότερα, τελευτῶν δὲ αὖθις ἐς μαλθακὰ εὐώδεα· τῶν γὰρ ἰσχυρῶν φαρμάκων τὰ πλεῖστα ἑλκοῖ τὸν στόμαχον καὶ δάκνει· ἔπειτα τόν τε στόμαχον καθιστᾷν ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ ὑγιέα καὶ καλῶς ἔχοντα πρὸς τὴν δέξιν τῆς γονῆς, καὶ τὴν μήτρην ξηρὴν ποιέειν καὶ φῦσαν ἐμποιέειν.
And when the softening and fumigation seem to be in a good state, applying a remedy, make a purification of the womb as seems to be in a good state, beginning from soft ones to stronger ones, and ending again in soft, sweet-smelling ones; for of the strong remedies most ulcerate the mouth of the womb and bite; then settle the mouth of the womb to be straight, healthy, and in a good state for the reception of the seed, and make the womb dry and produce wind.
Ἢν γυνὴ δοκέῃ ὑπὸ πιμελῆς τὰς μήτρας βεβλάφθαι ἐς τὴν κύησιν, λεπτύνειν ὡς μάλιστα καὶ ἰσχναίνειν πρὸς τοῖσιν ἄλλοισιν.
If a woman seems to have her womb damaged for conception by fatness, make her as thin and lean as possible, in addition to the other treatments.

Notes

  1. §29Κυήσιος δὲ καὶ παιδοποιΐης ἥτις δεῖται — The genitives "Κυήσιος δὲ καὶ παιδοποιΐης" function as the complements of the verb "δεῖται" (needs), which takes a relative clause led by "ἥτις" referring to the woman who desires conception and childbearing.
  2. ¦p.496¦ἀρξάμενος — The masculine singular nominative participle "ἀρξάμενος" agrees with the implied subject of the infinitives "ἀνευρύνειν" and "ἀνορθοῦν" (which function as imperatives), referring to the physician performing the treatment.
  3. ¦p.498¦ἀνευρὼν — The masculine singular nominative participle "ἀνευρὼν" (having found out), like the subsequent "ἐξευρὼν", results in an anacoluthon (nominative pendens) where the participle acts to establish the physician as the logical subject of the therapeutic actions that follow.

Cite this passage

Hippocrates, On Superfetation §29. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0627.tlg038.humanitext-grc1:29

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.