§88.
8.
Διὰ τοῦτο μὲν οὖν πρῶτον αἱ φρῖκαι γίνονται πρὸ τῶν πυρετῶν·
Therefore, first, the chills occur before fevers.
ὅκως δ’ ἂν ὁρμήσωσιν αἱ φῦσαι πλήθει καὶ ψυχρότητι, τοιοῦτον γίνεται καὶ τὸ ῥῖγος, ἀπὸ μὲν πλεόνων καὶ ψυχροτέρων ἰσχυρότερον, ἀπὸ δὲ ἐλασσόνων καὶ ἧσσόν τι ψυχρῶν ἀνισχυρότερον.
And depending on how the winds rush in quantity and coldness, such also the shivering becomes: stronger from more and colder winds, and weaker from fewer and less cold ones.
Ἐν δὲ τῇσι φρίκῃσι καὶ οἱ τρόμοι τοῦ σώματος κατὰ τόνδε γίνονται τὸν τρόπον· τὸ αἷμα φοβεόμενον τὴν παροῦσαν φρίκην ξυντρέχει καὶ διαΐσσει διὰ παντὸς τοῦ σώματος ἐς τὰ θερμότατα.
And during the chills, the trembling of the body also occurs in this manner: for the blood, fearing the present chill, runs together and darts through the whole body to the warmest parts.
Αὗται μὲν οὖν αἱ ἄλαι· καθαλλομένου δὲ τοῦ αἵματος ἐκ τῶν ἀκρωτηρίων τοῦ σώματος, τὰ σπλάγχνα τρομέουσι καὶ αἱ σάρκες· τὰ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ σώματος γίνεται πολύαιμα, τὰ δὲ ἄναιμα·
These indeed are the wanderings of the blood; and when the blood leaps away from the extremities of the body, the internal organs and the flesh tremble; for some parts of the body become full of blood, and others bloodless.
τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄναιμα διὰ τὴν ψύξιν οὐκ ἀτρεμέουσιν, ἀλλὰ πάλλονται, τὸ γὰρ θερμὸν ἐξ αὐτέων ἐκλέλοιπεν· τὰ δὲ πολύαιμα διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ αἵματος τρέμουσι, καὶ φλεγμονὰς ἐμποιέει, οὐ γὰρ δύναται πολλὸν γινόμενον ἀτρεμίζειν.
Now the bloodless parts, because of the cooling, do not remain still but throb, for the heat has left them; while the parts full of blood tremble because of the abundance of blood, and it causes inflammations, for being much, it is unable to remain still.
Χασμῶνται δὲ πρὸ τῶν πυρετῶν, ὅτε πολὺς ἀὴρ ἀθροισθεὶς, ἀθρόον ἄνω διεξιὼν, ἐξεμόχλευσε καὶ διέστησε τὸ στόμα· ταύτῃ γὰρ εὐδιέξοδός ἐστιν· ὡς γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν λεβήτων ἀτμὸς ἀνέρχεται πολὺς ἑψομένου τοῦ ὕδατος, οὕτω καὶ τοῦ σώματος θερμαινομένου δίεισι διὰ τοῦ στόματος ὁ ἀὴρ ξυνεστραμμένος καὶ βίῃ φερόμενος.
And they yawn before fevers, when much air, having gathered together and passing through upward all at once, pries open and forces apart the mouth; for in this direction there is an easy passage; for just as much steam rises from cauldrons when water is boiled, so too when the body is heated, the air, compressed and carried with force, passes through the mouth.
Τά τε ἄρθρα διαλύεται πρὸ τῶν πυρετῶν· χλιαινόμενα γὰρ τὰ νεῦρα διίσταται.
And the joints are relaxed before fevers; for the sinews, being warmed, are loosened.
Ὁκόταν δὲ ξυναλισθῇ ἀθροισθὲν τὸ πλεῖστον τοῦ αἵματος, ἀναθερμαίνεται πάλιν ὁ ἀὴρ ὁ ψύξας τὸ αἷμα, κρατηθεὶς ὑπὸ τῆς θερμότητος· διάπυρος δὲ καὶ μύδρος γενόμενος ὅλῳ τῷ σώματι τὴν θερμασίην ἐνειργάσατο.
And when the greatest part of the blood, having gathered together, is assembled, the air which cooled the blood is warmed again, being overcome by the heat; and having become red-hot and like a molten mass, it implants heat throughout the whole body.
Συνεργὸν δὲ αὐτῷ τὸ αἷμά ἐστι, τήκεται γὰρ πυρούμενον, καὶ γίνεται πνεῦμα ἐξ αὐτοῦ· τοῦ δὲ πνεύματος προσπίπτοντος πρὸς τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος, οἱ ἱδρῶτες γίνονται· τὸ γὰρ πνεῦμα ξυνιστάμενον ἐς ὕδωρ χεῖται, καὶ διὰ τῶν πόρων διεξελθὸν ἔξω περαιοῦται τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον, ὅνπερ ἀπὸ τῶν ἑψομένων ὑδάτων ὁ ἀτμὸς ἐπανιὼν, ἢν ἔχῃ στερέωμα πρὸς ὅ τι χρὴ προσπίπτειν, παχύνεται καὶ πυκνοῦται, καὶ σταγόνες ἀποπίπτουσιν ἀπὸ τῶν πωμάτων, οἷσιν ἂν ὁ ἀτμὸς προσπίπτῃ.
And the blood is a helper to it, for being heated it melts, and breath is generated from it; and when the breath falls upon the pores of the body, sweats occur; for the breath, condensing, flows into water, and passing through the pores, is discharged outward in the same manner as steam rising from boiling waters, if it has a solid barrier against which it must fall, thickens and condenses, and drops fall from the lids upon which the steam falls.
Πόνοι δὲ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἅμα τῷ πυρετῷ γίνονται διὰ τόδε· στενοχωρίη τῇσι διεξόδοισιν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ αἵματος γίνεται· πέπληνται γὰρ αἱ φλέβες ἠέρος, πλησθεῖσαι δὲ καὶ πρησθεῖσαι, τὸν πόνον ἐμποιέουσιν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ· βίῃ γὰρ τὸ αἷμα βιαζόμενον διὰ στενῆς ὁδοῦ θερμὸν ἐὸν οὐ δύναται περαιοῦσθαι ταχέως, πολλὰ γὰρ ἐμποδών ἐστιν αὐτῷ κωλύματα καὶ ἐμφράγματα· διὸ δὴ καὶ οἱ σφυγμοὶ γίνονται ἀμφὶ τοὺς κροτάφους.
And headaches occur along with the fever because of this: a constriction occurs in the passages of the blood in the head; for the veins are filled with air, and having been filled and swollen, they cause the pain in the head; for the blood, being hot and forced by violence, is unable to pass quickly through the narrow way, because there are many obstacles and blockages in its path; for which reason also the throbbings occur about the temples.
§99.
9.
Οἱ μὲν οὖν πυρετοὶ διὰ τοῦτο γίνονται καὶ τὰ μετὰ τῶν πυρετῶν ἀλγήματα καὶ νοσήματα· τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ἀῤῥωστημάτων, ὁκόσοι μὲν ἂν εἰλεοὶ εἶεν, ἢ ἀνειλήματα, ἢ ἕτερα ἀποστηρίγματα, φύσας εἶναι αἴτια ἅπασιν ἡγέομαι φανερὸν εἶναι· πάντων γὰρ τῶν τοιουτέων αἰτίη τοῦ πνεύματος ἡ διόδευσις· τοῦτο γὰρ ὁκόταν προσπέσῃ πρὸς τόπους ἁπαλοὺς καὶ ἀήθεας καὶ ἀθίκτους, ὥσπερ τόξευμα ἐγκείμενον διαδύνει διὰ τῆς σαρκός· προσπίπτει δὲ ποτὲ μὲν πρὸς τὰ ὑποχόνδρια, ποτὲ δὲ πρὸς τὰς λαπάρας, ποτὲ δὲ ἐς ἀμφότερα· διὸ δὴ καὶ θερμαίνοντες ἔξωθεν πυριήμασι πειρέονται μαλθάσσειν τὸν πόνον· ἀραιούμενον γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς θερμασίης τοῦ πυριήματος διέρχεται τὸ πνεῦμα διὰ τοῦ σώματος, ὥστε παῦλάν τινα γενέσθαι τῶν πόνων.
So fevers and the pains and diseases accompanying fevers occur because of this; and of the other illnesses, as many as are colic, or wind-colic, or other congestions, I think it is manifest to all that winds are the cause of them; for in all such cases, the cause is the passage of the breath; for when this falls upon places that are tender, unaccustomed, and untouched, it penetrates through the flesh like an implanted arrow; and it falls sometimes upon the hypochondria, sometimes upon the flanks, and sometimes upon both; for which reason, by warming them from without with poultices, they try to soothe the pain; for, being liquefied and rarefied by the heat of the poultice, the breath passes through the body, so that a certain cessation of the pains occurs.