§1111.
11.
Ὧν δὲ ἔχεται ἢ ἐπίδεσις, ἢ ὑπόδεσις, ἢ ἀμφότερα·
Concerning those cases which involve either bandaging, or under-bandaging (pads), or both.
ὑπόδεσις μὲν αἰτίη, ὥστε ἢ ἀφεστεῶτα προστεῖλαι, ἢ ἐκπεπταμένα συστεῖλαι, ἢ ξυνεσταλμένα διαστεῖλαι, ἢ διεστραμμένα διορθῶσαι, ἢ τἀναντία.
Under-bandaging is the means to bring together parts that are separated, or to contract parts that are expanded, or to expand parts that are contracted, or to correct parts that are distorted, or the contrary.
Παρασκευάζειν δὲ ὀθόνια κοῦρα, λεπτὰ, μαλθακὰ, καθαρὰ, πλατέα, μὴ ἔχοντα ξυῤῥαφὰς, μηδ᾿ ἐξαστίας, καὶ ὑγιέα, ὥστε τάνυσιν φέρειν, καὶ ὀλίγῳ κρέσσω, μὴ ξηρὰ, ἀλλ᾿ ἔγχυμα χυμῷ, ᾧ ἕκαστα ξύντροφα.
One must prepare linen bandages that are light, thin, soft, clean, wide, without seams or fraying, and sound, so as to bear tension, being slightly stronger than necessary, not dry, but soaked with the juice with which each is compatible.
Ἀφεστεῶτα μὲν, ὥστε τὰ μετέωρα τῆς ἕδρης ψαύειν μὲν, πιέζειν δὲ μή· ἄρχεσθαι δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ὑγιέος τελευτᾷν δὲ πρὸς τὸ ἕλκος, ὡς τὸ μὲν ὑπεὸν ἐξαθέλγηται, ἕτερον δὲ μὴ ἐπιξυλλέγηται·
For separated parts, they should be applied so that the elevated parts touch their base, but without pressure; beginning from the healthy part and ending towards the wound, so that the fluid accumulated beneath may be pressed out, and other fluid may not collect there.
ἐπιδεῖν τὰ μὲν ὀρθὰ ἐς ὀρθὸν, τὰ δὲ λοξὰ λοξῶς, ἐν σχήματι ἀπόνῳ, ἐν ᾧ μήτε ἀπόσφιγξις, μήτε ἀπόστασις ἔσται τις, ἐξ οὗ, ὅταν μεταλλάσσῃ ἢ ἐς ἀνάληψιν ἢ ἐς θέσιν, οὐ μεταλλάξουσιν, ἀλλ᾿ ὅμοια ταῦτα ἕξουσι, μύεις, φλέβες, νεῦρα, ὀστέα, ᾗ μάλιστα εὔθετα καὶ εὔσχετα·
Bandage straight parts straight, and oblique parts obliquely, in a painless posture, in which there will be no constriction nor any separation, so that when the posture is changed either for supporting or for placing, the muscles, vessels, nerves, and bones will not change their positions, but will maintain these same relations, where they are most appropriately placed and easily held.
ἀναλελάφθαι δὲ, ἢ κέεσθαι ἐν σχήματι ἀπόνῳ τῷ κατὰ φύσιν· ὧν δὲ ἂν ἀποστῇ, τἀναντία.
Supported or lying, they should be in a painless posture according to nature; but for those parts that have separated, the contrary.
Ὧν δὲ ἐκπεπταμένα ξυστεῖλαι, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ, ἐκ πολλοῦ δέ τινος δεῖ τὴν ξυναγωγὴν, καὶ ἐκ προσαγωγῆς τὴν πίεξιν, τὸ πρῶτον ἥκιστα, ἔπειτα ἐπὶ μᾶλλον, ὅριον τοῦ μάλιστα τὸ ξυμψαύειν.
For contracting parts that are expanded, in other respects follow the same rules, but the drawing together must be done from a wide range, and the pressure must be applied gradually, least at first, and then more, the limit of the maximum being when the parts touch one another.
Ὧν δὲ ξυνεσταλμένα διαστεῖλαι ξὺν μὲν φλεγμονῇ τἀναντία· ἄνευ δὲ ταύτης, παρασκευῇ μὲν τῇ αὐτῇ, ἐπιδέσει δὲ ἐναντίῃ.
For expanding parts that are contracted, if accompanied by inflammation, do the contrary; but without inflammation, use the same preparation, but the opposite method of bandaging.
Διεστραμμένα δὲ διορθῶσαι, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα κατὰ τὰ αὐτά· δεῖ δὲ τὰ μὲν ἀπεληλυθότα ἐπαγαγεῖν ὑποδέσει, παρακολλήσει, ἀναλήψει· τὰ δὲ ἐναντία, ἐναντίως.
For correcting parts that are distorted, in other respects follow the same rules; but it is necessary to bring back the parts that have departed from their place by means of under-bandaging, plastering, and supporting; and the contrary parts, contrariwise.
§1212.
12.
Κατήγμασι δὲ, σπληνῶν μήκεα, πλάτεα, πάχεα, πλήθεα·
For fractures, consider the lengths, widths, thicknesses, and quantities of the compresses.
μῆκος, ὅση ἡ ἐπίδεσις· πλάτος τριῶν ἢ τεσσάρων δακτύλων· πάχος, τριπτύχους ἢ τετραπτύχους· πλῆθος, κυκλεῦντας μὴ ὑπερβάλλειν, μηδὲ ἐλλείπειν·
The length should be as much as the bandaging; the width, three or four fingers; the thickness, three or four folds; the quantity, such that they do not overlap when circling, nor fall short.
οἷσι δὲ ἐς διόρθωσιν, μῆκος, κυκλεῦντα· πλάτος καὶ πάχος τῇ ἐνδείῃ τεκμαίρεσθαι, μὴ ἀθρόα πληρεῦντα.
For those used for correction, the length should be enough to circle once; the width and thickness are to be calculated by the deficiency, not filling it up all at once.
Τῶν δὲ ὀθονίων ὑποδεσμίδες εἰσὶ δύο· τῇ πρώτῃ ἐκ τοῦ σίνεος ἐς τὸ ἄνω τελευτώσῃ, τῇ δὲ δευτέρῃ, ἐκ τοῦ σίνεος ἐς τὸ κάτω, ἐκ τοῦ κάτω ἐς τὸ ἄνω τελευτώσῃ·
Of the linen bandages, there are two under-bandages: the first ending from the injury upwards, the second ending from the injury downwards, and then from downwards upwards.
τὰ κατὰ τὸ σίνος πιέζειν μάλιστα, ἥκιστα τὰ ἄκρα, τὰ δὲ ἄλλακατὰ λόγον.
Apply pressure most at the injury, least at the extremities, and the rest proportionally.
Ἡ δὲ ἐπίδεσις πουλὺ τοῦ ὑγιέος προσλαμβανέτω.
Let the bandage take in a great deal of the healthy part.
Ἐπιδέσμων δὲ πλῆθος, μῆκος, πλάτος· πλῆθος μὲν, μὴ ἡσσᾶσθαι τοῦ σίνεος, μηδὲ νάρθηξιν ἐνέρεισιν εἶναι, μηδὲ ἄχθος, μηδὲ περίῤῥεψιν, μηδὲ ἐκθήλυνσιν· μῆκος δὲ καὶ πλάτος, τριῶν, ἢ τεσσάρων, ἢ πέντε, ἢ ἓξ, πήχεων μὲν μῆκος, δακτύλων δὲ πλάτος.
As for the quantity, length, and width of the bandages: the quantity should be such as not to be overcome by the injury, nor to cause pressure from the splints, nor to be a burden, nor to slip off, nor to soften the tissues; the length and width should be three, four, five, or six cubits in length, and fingers in width.
Καὶ παραιρήματος περιβολαὶ τοσαῦται, ὥστε μὴ πιέζειν· μαλθακὰ δὲ, μὴ παχέα· ταῦτα πάντα, ὡς ἐπὶ μήκει καὶ πλάτει καὶ πάχει τοῦ παθόντος.
And let the wrappings of the pad be so many as not to compress; they should be soft, not thick; all these things according to the length, width, and thickness of the affected part.
Νάρθηκες δὲ λεῖοι, ὁμαλοὶ, σιμοὶ κατ᾿ ἄκρα, σμικρῷ μείους ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν τῆς ἐπιδέσιος, παχύτατοι δὲ, ᾗ ἐξήριπε τὸ κάτηγμα.
Splints should be smooth, even, thinned at the ends, slightly shorter on both sides than the bandaging, and thickest where the fracture has protruded.
Ὁκόσα δὲ κυρτὰ καὶ ἄσαρκα φύσει, φυλασσόμενον τῶν ὑπερεχόντων, οἷον κατὰ δακτύλους ἢ σφυρὰ, ἢ τῇ θέσει, ἢ τῇ βραχύτητι.
For parts that are naturally curved and lack flesh, guard against the projecting parts, as at the fingers or ankles, either by placement or by shortness of the splints.
Παραιρήμασι δὲ ἑρμάζειν, μὴ πιέζειν τὸ πρῶτον.
Support them with pads, and do not apply pressure at first.
Κηρωτῇ μαλθακῇ, καὶ λείῃ, καὶ καθαρῇ ἑλισσέσθω.
Let them be rolled with soft, smooth, and clean cerate.
§1313.
13.
Ὕδατος θερμότης, πλῆθος· θερμότης μὲν, κατὰ τῆς ἑωυτοῦ χειρὸς καταχεῖν· πλῆθος δὲ, χαλάσαι μὲν καὶ ἰσχνῆναι τὸ πλεῖστον, ἄριστον, σαρκῶσαι δὲ καὶ ἁπαλῦναι, τὸ μέτριον·
As for the temperature and quantity of water: for temperature, pour it over one's own hand to test; for quantity, a very large amount is best to relax and reduce swelling, but a moderate amount is best to produce flesh and soften.
μέτρον δὲ τῆς καταχύσιος, ἔτι μετεωριζομένου, δεῖ, πρὶν ξυμπίπτειν, παύεσθαι· τὸ μὲν γὰρ πρῶτον αἴρεται, ἔπειτα δὲ ἰσχναίνεται.
The measure of douching: one must stop while the part is still swelling, before it subsides; for at first it rises, and afterwards it subsides.
§1414.
14.
Θέσις δὲ μαλθακὴ, ὁμαλὴ, ἀνάῤῥοπος τοῖσιν ἐξέχουσι τοῦ σώματος, οἷον πτέρνῃ καὶ ἰσχίῳ, ὡς μήτε ἀνακλᾶται, μήτε ἀποκλᾶται, μήτε ἐκτρέπηται.
The placement should be soft, even, and sloping upwards for the projecting parts of the body, such as the heel and hip, so that the limb is neither bent upwards, nor bent downwards, nor turned aside.
Σωλῆνα παντὶ τῷ σκέλει, ἢ ἡμίσει· ἐς τὸ πάθος δὲ βλέπειν καὶ τἄλλα ὅσα βλάπτει δῆλα.
Use a trough (cradle) for the whole leg, or for half of it; look to the affection, and avoid all other things that are clearly harmful.
§1515.
15.
Πάρεξις δὲ, καὶ διάτασις, καὶ ἀνάπλασις, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα κατὰ φύσιν, Φύσις δὲ ἐν μὲν ἔργοις, τοῦ ἔργου τῇ πρήξει, ὃ βούλεται, τεκμαρτέον·
Presentation, extension, molding, and other things should be according to nature.
ἐς δὲ ταῦτα, ἐκ τοῦ ἐλινύοντος, ἐκ τοῦ κοινοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ ἔθεος·
Nature, in active works, must be estimated by the execution of the work and what it intends; and in these matters, from the state of rest, from the common posture, and from habit.
ἐκ μὲν τοῦ ἐλινύοντος καὶ ἀφειμένου, τὰς ἰθυωρίας σκέπτεσθαι, οἷον τὸ τῆς χειρός· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ κοινοῦ, ἔκτασιν, ξύγκαμψιν, οἷον τὸ ἐγγὺς τοῦ ἐγγωνίου πήχεος πρὸς βραχίονα· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἔθεος, ὅτι οὐκ ἄλλα σχήματα φέρειν δυνατώτερον, οἷον σκέλεα ἔκτασιν· ἀπὸ τουτέων γὰρ ῥήϊστα πλεῖστον χρόνον ἔχοι ἂν μὴ μεταλλάσσοντα.
From the state of rest and relaxation, observe the straightness, as in the hand; from the common posture, extension and flexion, such as the position of the forearm close to a right angle with the upper arm; and from habit, because it is impossible to bear other postures more easily, such as extension for the legs; for from these postures they can most easily remain for the longest time without changing.
Ἐν δὲ τῇ μεταλλαγῇ ἐκ διατάσιος ὅμοια ταῦτα ἕξουσιν ἐς ἕξιν ἢ θέσιν μύες, φλέβες, νεῦρα, ὀστέα, ᾗ μάλιστα εὔθετα καὶ εὔσχετα.
And in the change from extension, the muscles, vessels, nerves, and bones will maintain these same relations in state or position, where they are most appropriately placed and easily held.