§1616.
16.
Διάτασις μάλιστα, τὰ μέγιστα καὶ πάχιστα, καὶ ὅκου ἀμφότερα· δεύτερα, ὧν τὸ ὑποτεταγμένον· ἥκιστα, ὧν τὸ ἄνω·
Traction should be applied most strongly to the largest and thickest bones, and where both bones are fractured; second, those in which the lower bone is fractured; least, those in which the upper bone is.
μᾶλλον δὲ τοῦ μετρίου, βλάβη, πλὴν παιδίων·
but pulling beyond the moderate degree is harmful, except in the case of children.
ἔχειν ἀνάντη σμικρόν.
Keep the limb slightly elevated.
Διορθώσιος παράδειγμα, τὸ ὁμώνυμον, τὸ ὁμόζυγον, τὸ ὅμοιον, τὸ ὑγιές.
The model for correction is the part of the same name, the fellow part, the similar part, and the healthy part.
§1717.
17.
Ἀνάτριψις δύναται λῦσαι, δῆσαι, σαρκῶσαι, μινυθῆσαι· ἡ σκληρὴ, δῆσαι· ἡ μαλακὴ, λῦσαι· ἡ πολλὴ, μινυθῆσαι· ἡ μετρίη, παχῦναι.
Friction (massage) can relax, bind, produce flesh, and cause atrophy: hard friction binds; soft relaxes; much friction causes atrophy; moderate thickens.
§1818.
18.
Ἐπιδεῖν δὲ τὸ πρῶτον· ὁ μὲν ἐπιδεδεμένος μάλιστα φάτω πεπιέχθαι κατὰ τὸ σίνος, ἥκιστα τὰ ἄκρα· ἡρμάσθαι δὲ, μὴ πεπιέχθαι·
At the first bandaging, the patient should say that the pressure is felt most at the injury, least at the extremities, and that the bandage fits well but does not pinch.
πλήθει, μὴ ἰσχύϊ·
This should be done by the quantity of bandages, not by force.
τὴν δὲ ἡμέρην ταύτην καὶ νύκτα, ὀλίγῳ μᾶλλον, τὴν δ᾿ ὑστέρην, ἧσσον· τρίτη, χαλαρά.
During this day and night, let it be slightly tighter, on the next day, less so, and on the third day, loose.
Εὑρεθήτω δὲ τῇ μὲν ὑστεραίῃ ἐν ἄκροισιν οἴδημα μαλθακόν· τῇ τρίτῃ δὲ τὸ ἐπιδεθὲν λυθὲν, ἰσχνότερον, παρὰ πάσας τὰς ἐπιδέσιας τοῦτο.
On the next day, let a soft swelling be found at the extremities; on the third day, when the bandage is undone, let the bandaged part be found more slender; this is common to all bandages.
Τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίῃ ἐπιδέσει, ἢν δικαίως ἐπιδεδεμένον φανῇ, μαθεῖν δεῖ·
At the next bandaging, if it appears to be properly bandaged, one must learn from this.
ἐντεῦθεν δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ ἐπὶ πλέοσι πιεχθήτω· τῇ δὲ τρίτῃ ἐπὶ μᾶλλον καὶ ἐπὶ πλέοσιν.
From then on, let the pressure be applied more and with more layers; on the third day, still more and with still more layers.
Τῇ δὲ ἑβδόμῃ ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἐπιδέσιος λυθέντα, εὑρεθήτω ἰσχνὰ, χαλαρὰ τὰ ὀστέα.
On the seventh day from the first bandaging, when the bandages are undone, let the parts be found slender and the bones loose.
Ἐς δὲ νάρθηκας, δεθέντα, ἢ ἰσχνὰ καὶ ἄκνησμα καὶ ἀνέλκεα ᾖ, ἐᾷν μέχρις εἴκοσιν ἡμερέων ἀπὸ τοῦ σίνεος·
As for the splints, if the parts, when bound, are slender, free from itching, and without ulcers, leave them alone until twenty days from the injury.
ἢν δέ τι ὑποπτεύηται, λῦσαι ἐν τῷ μέσῳ·
If anything is suspected, undo them in the interval.
νάρθηκας διὰ τρίτης ἐρείδειν.
Secure the splints every third day.
§1919.
19.
Ἡ ἀνάληψις, ἡ θέσις, ἡ ἐπίδεσις, ὡς ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ σχήματι διαφυλάσσειν.
Supporting, placement, and bandaging should be done so as to preserve the same posture.
Κεφάλαια σχημάτων, ἔθεα, φύσιες ἑκάστου τῶν μελέων·
The main points of postures are the habits and natural properties of each limb.
τὰ εἴδεα, ἐκ τοῦ τρέχειν, ὁδοιπορέειν, ἑστάναι, κατακεῖσθαι, ἐκ τοῦ ἔργου, ἐκ τοῦ ἀφεῖσθαι.
Their specific forms are derived from running, walking, standing, lying down, from active work, and from relaxation.
§2020.
20.
Ὅτι χρῆσις κρατύνει, ἀργίη δὲ τήκει.
That use strengthens, but disuse deactivates.
§2121.
21.
Ἡ πίεξις πλήθει, μὴ ἰσχύϊ.
Pressure should be applied by the quantity of bandages, not by force.
§2222.
22.
Ὁκόσα δὲ ἐκχυμώματα, ἢ φλάσματα, ἢ σπάσματα, ἢ οἰδήματα ἀφλέγμαντα, ἐξερύεται αἷμα ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος, ἐς μὲν τὸ ἄνω τοῦ σώματος πλεῖστον, βραχὺ δέ τι καὶ ἐς τὸ κάτω·
In cases of extravasation of blood, contusions, sprains, or non-inflammatory swellings, blood is pressed out of the wound, mostly towards the upper parts of the body, and a little towards the lower.
μὴ κατάντη τὴν χεῖρα ἔχοντα, ἢ τὸ σκέλος· τιθέμενον τὴν ἀρχὴν κατὰ τὸ τρῶμα, καὶ μάλιστα ἐρείδοντα, ἥκιστα τὰ ἄκρα, μέσως τὰ διὰ μέσου·
Do not keep the hand or the leg in a downward position; placing the beginning of the bandage at the wound, pressing most there, least at the extremities, and moderately in the intermediate parts.
τὸ ἔσχατον πρὸς τὰ ἄνω τοῦ σώματος νεμόμενον· ἐπιδέσει, πιέξει·
The end should tend towards the upper parts of the body, by bandaging and pressure.
ἀτὰρ καὶ ταῦτα, πλήθει μᾶλλον, ἢ ἰσχύϊ·
Yet even these cases should be treated by the quantity of bandages rather than by force.
μάλιστα δὲ τουτέοισιν ὀθόνια λεπτὰ, κοῦφα, μαλθακὰ, καθαρὰ, πλατέα, ὑγιέα, ὡς ἂν ἄνευ ναρθήκων· καὶ καταχύσει χρῆσθαι.
Especially for these cases, use linen bandages that are thin, light, soft, clean, wide, and sound, as if without splints; and use douching.
§2323.
23.
Τὰ δὲ ἐκπτώματα, ἢ στέμματα, ἢ διαστήματα, ἢ ἀποσπάσματα, ἢ ἀποκλάσματα, ἢ διαστρέμματα, οἷα τὰ κυλλὰ, τὰ ἑτερόῤῥοπα, ὅθεν μὲν ἐξέστη, ξυνδιδόντα, ὅπη δὲ ξυντείνοντα, ὡς ἐς τἀναντία ῥέπῃ, ἐπιδεθέντα, ἢ πρὶν ἐπιδεθῆναι, σμικρῷ μᾶλλον, ἢ ὥστε ἐξ ἴσου εἶναι·
In cases of dislocations, twists, separations, tearing away, fractures, or distortions, such as club-foot or limbs inclined to one side, bringing them together where they have departed, and stretching them where they are contracted, so that they may incline in the opposite direction, when bandaged, or before being bandaged, slightly more than to bring them to an equality.
καὶ τοῖσιν ἐπιδέσμοισι, καὶ τοῖσι σπλήνεσι, καὶ τοῖσιν ἀναλήμμασι, καὶ τοῖσι σχήμασι, κατατάσει, ἀνατρίψει, διορθώσει, ταῦτα καὶ καταχύσει πλείονι.
And these are to be treated with bandages, compresses, suspensions, postures, extension, friction, correction, and with more copious douching.
§2424.
24.
Τὰ δὲ μινυθήματα, πουλὺ προσλαμβάνοντα τοῦ ὑγιέος, ἐπιδεῖν ὡς ἂν ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς τὰ ξυντακέντα πλέον ἢ αὐτὰ ἐμινύθει, ἀλλοίῃ τῇ ἐπιδέσει παραλλάξαντα, ἐκκλίνειν ἐς τὴν αὔξησιν καὶ ἀνάπλασιν τῶν σαρκῶν ποιήσηται.
In cases of atrophy, bandage them by taking in a large part of the healthy tissue, so that the wasted parts may be nourished by the influx of blood more than they were wasted, and by changing and varying the mode of bandaging, it may cause them to incline towards the growth and regeneration of the flesh.
Βέλτιον δὲ καὶ τὸ ἄνωθεν, οἷον κνήμης, καὶ τὸν ἕτερον μηρὸν, καὶ τὸ σκέλος τὸ ὑγιὲς συνεπιδεῖν, ὡς ὁμοιότερον ᾖ, καὶ ὁμοίως ἐλινύῃ, καὶ ὁμοίως τῆς τροφῆς ἀποκλείηται καὶ δέχηται·
It is better also to bandage the part above, as the thigh in case of the leg, and the other thigh, and the healthy leg along with it, so that they may be more alike, and rest similarly, and be similarly excluded from and receive nourishment.
ὀθονίων πλήθει, μὴ πιέξει· ἀνιέντα πρῶτον τὸ μάλιστα δεόμενον, καὶ ἀνατρίψει χρώμενον σαρκούσῃ, καὶ καταχύσει· ἄνευ ναρθήκων.
This should be done by the quantity of bandages, not by pressure; first relaxing the part that most needs it, using flesh-producing friction, and douching; without splints.
§2525.
25.
Τὰ δὲ ἑρμάσματα καὶ ἀποστηρίγματα, οἷον στήθει, πλευρῇσι, κεφαλῇ, καὶ τοῖσιν ἄλλοισιν, ὅσα τοιαῦτα· τὰ μὲν, σφυγμῶν ἕνεκεν, ὡς μὴ ἐνσείηται· τὰ δὲ, καὶ τῶν διαστασίων τῶν κατὰ τὰς ἁρμονίας ἐν τοῖσι κατὰ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὀστέοισιν, ἐρεισμάτων χάριν· ἐπί τε βηχέων, ἢ πταρμέων, ἢ ἄλλης κινήσιος, οἷα τὰ κατὰ θώρηκα καὶ κεφαλὴν ἀποστηρίγματα γίγνεται.
Supports and stays are used for the chest, ribs, head, and other such parts; some on account of pulsations, so that they may not be shaken, some as supports against separations of the sutures in the bones of the head, and as stays in cases of coughing, sneezing, or other movements, such as the supports applied to the chest and head.
Τουτέων ἁπάντων αἱ αὐταὶ ξυμμετρίαι τῆς ἐπιδέσιος·
In all these cases, the proper proportions of bandaging are the same.
ᾗ μὲν γὰρ τὰ σίνη, μάλιστα πιέζει· ὑποτιθέναι οὖν μαλθακόν τι ἁρμόζον τῷ πάθει·
For where the injury is, there it should press most; therefore, place underneath something soft suitable to the affection.
ἐπιδεῖν δὲ μὴ μᾶλλον πιεζεῦντα, ἢ ὥστε τοὺς σφυγμοὺς μὴ ἐνσείειν, μηδὲ μᾶλλον ἢ ὥστε τῶν διεστηκότων τὰ ἔσχατα τῶν ἁρμονιῶν ψαύειν ἀλλήλων, μηδὲ τὰς βῆχας καὶ τοὺς πταρμοὺς ὥστε κωλύειν, ἀλλ᾿ ὥστε ἀποστήριγμα εἶναι, ὡς μήτε διαναγκάζηται, μήτε ἐνσείηται.
Bandage so as not to compress more than is necessary to prevent the pulsations from causing vibration, nor more than to make the edges of the separated sutures touch one another, nor so as to prevent coughing and sneezing, but so as to be a support, so that there is neither excessive constriction nor shaking.