§77.
7.
Ὑποχόνδριον δὲ ἄριστον μὲν ἀνώδυνόν τε ἐὸν καὶ μαλθακὸν καὶ ὁμαλὸν, καὶ ἐπὶ δεξιὰ καὶ ἐπ᾿ ἀριστερά.
The hypochondrium is best when it is free from pain, soft, and even, both on the right and on the left sides.
Φλεγμαῖνον δὲ, ἢ ὀδύνην παρέχον, ἢ ἐντεταμένον, ἢ ἀνωμάλως διακείμενα τὰ δεξιὰ πρὸς τὰ ἀριστερὰ, ταῦτα πάντα φυλάσσεσθαι χρή.
But if it is inflamed, or causes pain, or is tense, or if the right side and the left are irregularly situated with respect to each other, all these signs must be guarded against.
Εἰ δὲ καὶ σφυγμὸς ἐνείη ἐν τῷ ὑποχονδρίῳ, θόρυβον σημαίνει, ἢ παραφροσύνην· ἀλλὰ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐπικατιδεῖν τῶν τοιουτέων· ἢν γὰρ αἱ ὄψιες πυκνὰ κινέωνται, μανῆναι τούτους ἐλπίς.
And if there should be a pulsation in the hypochondrium, it signifies agitation or delirium; but one must examine the eyes of such patients, for if the pupils move rapidly, there is reason to expect that they will go mad.
Οἴδημα δὲ ἐν τῷ ὑποχονδρίῳ σκληρόν τε ἐὸν καὶ ἐπώδυνον, κάκιστον μὲν, εἰ παρ᾿ ἅπαν εἴη τὸ ὑποχόνδριον· εἰ δὲ καὶ εἴη ἐν τῷ ἑτέρῳ μέρει, ἀκινδυνότερόν ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ἐπ᾿ ἀριστερά.
A swelling in the hypochondrium, if it is hard and painful, is worst of all if it should be across the whole hypochondrium; but if it should be on one side, it is less dangerous on the left side.
Σημαίνει δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα οἰδήματα ἐν ἀρχῇ μὲν θάνατον ὀλιγοχρόνιον ἔσεσθαι· ἢν δὲ ὑπερβάλλη εἴκοσιν ἡμέρας ὅ τε πυρετὸς ἔχων καὶ τὸ οἴδημα μὴ καθιστάμενον, ἐς διαπύησιν τρέπεται.
Such swellings signify in the commencement that death will occur within a short time; but if the fever continues and the swelling does not subside after twenty days, it turns to suppuration.
Γίγνεται δὲ τουτέοισιν ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ περιόδῳ καὶ αἵματος ῥῆξις ἐκ τῶν ῥινῶν, καὶ κάρτα ὠφελέει· ἀλλ᾿ ἔπανερωτᾷν χρὴ, εἰ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀλγέουσιν, ἢ ἀμβλυωπέουσιν· ἢν γάρ τι τοιοῦτον εἴη, ἐνταῦθα ἂν ῥέποι.
And in these cases, a hemorrhage from the nose occurs in the first period, and is highly beneficial; but one must inquire whether they have a headache or dimness of sight; for if any such thing is present, the tendency will be in that direction.
Μᾶλλον δὲ τοῖσι νεωτέροισι πέντε καὶ τριήκοντα ἐτέων, τὴν τοῦ αἵματος ῥῆξιν προσδέχεσθαι χρή.
But one should expect the hemorrhage rather in those who are younger than thirty-five years.
Τὰ δὲ μαλθακὰ τῶν οἰδημάτων καὶ ἀνώδυνα καὶ τῷ δακτύλῳ ὑπείκοντα χρονιωτέρας τὰς κρίσιας ποιέεται, καὶ ἧσσον ἐκείνων δεινότερά ἐστιν.
But those swellings which are soft, painless, and yield to the finger, make the crises more protracted, and are less dangerous than the former.
Εἰ δὲ ὑπερβάλλοι ἑξήκοντα ἡμέρας ὅ τε πυρετὸς ἔχων καὶ τὸ οἴδημα μὴ καθιστάμενον, ἔμπυον ἔσεσθαι σημαίνει· καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ τὸ ἐν τῇ ἄλλῃ κοιλίῃ κατὰ τωὐτό.
And if the fever continues and the swelling does not subside after sixty days, it signifies that there will be an empyema; and this is the case also with those in the rest of the abdomen.
Ὁκόσα μὲν οὖν ἐπώδυνά τέ ἐστι καὶ σκληρὰ καὶ μεγάλα, σημαίνει κίνδυνον θανάτου ὀλιγοχρονίου· ὁκόσα δὲ μαλθακά τε καὶ ἀνώδυνα καὶ τῷ δακτύλῳ πιεζόμενα ὑπείκει, χρονιώτερα ἐκείνων.
Therefore, those which are painful, hard, and large, signify danger of death within a short time; while those which are soft, painless, and yield when pressed by the finger, are more chronic than the former.
Τὰς δὲ ἀποστάσιας ἧσσον τὰ ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ οἰδήματα ποιέεται τῶν ἐν τοῖσιν ὑποχονδρίοισιν, ἥκιστα δὲ τὰ ὑποκάτω τοῦ ὀμφαλοῦ ἐς ἐπιπύησιν τρέπεται· αἵματος δὲ ῥῆξιν ἐκ τῶν ἄνω τόπων μάλιστα προσδέχεσθαι.
But the swellings in the abdomen are less prone to form abscesses than those in the hypochondria, and those below the umbilicus are least of all turned to suppuration; rather, one should expect a hemorrhage from the upper parts.
Ἁπάντοιν δὲ χρὴ τῶν οἰδημάτων χρονιζόντων περὶ ταῦτα· τὰ χωρία ὑποσκέπτεσθαι τὰς ἐκπυήσιας.
But in all swellings which linger about these parts, one must look out for suppurations in the regions.
Τὰ δὲ διαπυήματα ὧδε δεῖ σκέπτεσθαι τὰ ἐντεῦθεν· ὁκόσα μὲν ἔξω τρέπεται, ἄριστά ἐστι, μικρά τε ἐόντα, καὶ ὡς μάλιστα ἐκκλίνοντα ἔξω, καὶ ἐς ὀξὺ ἀποκυρτούμενα· τὰ δὲ μεγάλα τε ἐόντα καὶ πλατέα, καὶ ἥκιστα ἐς ὀξὺ ἀποκορυφούμενα, κάκιστα·
And one must observe the suppurations arising from thence as follows: those which break outwards are best, when they are small, and incline as much as possible outwards, and point to a sharp head; but those which are large and flat, and least of all point to a sharp head, are worst.
δσα δὲ ἔσω ῥήγνυται, ἄριστά ἐστιν, ἃ μηδὲν τῷ ἔξω. χωρίῳ ἐπικοινωνέει, ἀλλ᾿ ἔστι προσεσταλμένα. τε καὶ ἀνώδυνα καὶ πᾶν τὸ ἔξω χωρίον ὁμόχροον φαίνεται.
Of those which rupture inwards, the best are those which do not communicate at all with the outer part, but are circumscribed, painless, and the whole outer part appears of the same color as the rest of the skin.
Τὸ δὲ πῦον ἄριστον λευκόν τε εἶναι καὶ ὁμαλὸν καὶ λεῖον καὶ ὡς ἥκιστα δυσῶδες· τὸ δὲ ἐναντίον τουτέου κάκιστον.
And the pus is best when it is white, uniform, smooth, and has as little offensive smell as possible; but the opposite to this is worst.
§88.
8.
Οἱ δὲ ὕδρωπες οἱ ἐκ τῶν ὀξέων νουσημάτων πάντες κακοί· οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ πυρὸς ἀπαλλάσσουσιν; ἐπώδυνοί τέ εἰσι κάρτα καὶ θανατώδεες.
And dropsies which arise from acute diseases are all bad; for they do not rid of the fever, and are extremely painful and fatal.
Ἄρχονται δὲ οἱ πλεῖστοι μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν κενεώνων καὶ τῆς ὀσφύος, οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥπατος·
Most of them begin from the flanks and the loins, but others from the liver.
οἷσι μὲν οὖν ἀπὸ τῶν κενεώνων καὶ τῆς ὀσφύος αἱ ἀρχαὶ γίγνονται, οἵ τε πόδες οἰδέουσι, καὶ διάῤῥοιαι πολυχρόνιοι ἔχουσιν, οὔτε τὰς ὀδύνας λύουσαι τὰς ἐκ τῶν κενεώνων καὶ τῆς ὀσφύος, οὔτε τὴν γαστέρα λαπάσσουσαι· ὁκόσοισι δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥπατος ὕδρωπες γίγνονται, βῆξαί τε θυμὸς τούτοισιν ἐγγίγνεται, καὶ οὐδέν τι ἀποπτύουσιν ἄξιον λόγου, καὶ οἱ πόδες οἰδέουσι, καὶ ἡ γαστὴρ οὐ διαχωρέει, εἰ μὴ σκληρά τε καὶ πρὸς ἀνάγκην, καὶ περὶ τὴν κοιλίην γίγνεται οἰδήματα, τὰ μὲν ἐπὶ δεξιὰ, τὰ δ᾿ ἐπ᾿ ἀριστερὰ, ἱστάμενά τε καὶ καταπαυόμενα.
In those, then, which have their origin from the flanks and the loins, the feet swell, and protracted diarrheas ensue, which neither relieve the pains in the flanks and loins, nor evacuate the abdomen; but in those dropsies which arise from the liver, there is a desire to cough, and they spit up nothing of consequence, and the feet swell, and the bowels are not moved except with difficulty and with hard stools, and swellings occur about the abdomen, sometimes on the right and sometimes on the left, appearing and disappearing.