§99.
9.
Κεφαλὴ δὲ καὶ χεῖρες καὶ πόδες ψυχρὰ ἐόντα κακὸν, τῆς τε κοιλίης καὶ τῶν πλευρῶν θερμῶν ἐόντων.
It is bad when the head, hands, and feet are cold, while the abdomen and the flanks are warm.
Ἄριστον δὲ καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα θερμόν τε ἐὸν καὶ μαλθακὸν ὁμαλῶς.
But it is best when the whole body is evenly warm and soft.
Στρέφεσθαι δὲ χρὴ ῥηϊδίως τὸν ἀλγεῦντα, καὶ ἐν τοῖσι μετεωρισμοῖσιν ἐλαφρὸν εἶναι· εἰ δὲ βαρὺς ἐὼν φαίνοιτο καὶ τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα καὶ τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας, ἐπικινδυνότερον.
The patient should turn easily, and feel light when raising himself; but if the rest of the body, as well as the hands and feet, appear heavy, it is more dangerous.
Εἰ δὲ πρὸς τῷ βάρει καὶ οἱ ὄνυχες καὶ οἱ δάκτυλοι πελιδνοὶ γίγνονται, προσδόκιμος ὁ θάνατος παραυτίκα· μελαινόμενοι δὲ παντελῶς οἱ δάκτυλοι καὶ οἱ πόδες ἧσσον ὀλέθριοι τῶν πελιδνῶν εἰσιν᾿ ἀλλὰ καὶ τἄλλα σημεῖα σκέπτεσθαι χρή·
And if, in addition to the heaviness, the nails and fingers become livid, death is to be expected immediately; but fingers and feet that are completely blackened are less fatal than livid ones; yet one must also observe the other signs.
ἢν γὰρ εὐπετέως φέρων φαίνηται τὸ κακὸν, καὶ ἄλλο τι τῶν περιεστικῶν πρὸς τουτέοισι τοῖσι σημείοισιν ὑποδεικνύῃ, τὸ νούσημα ἐς ἀπόστασιν τραπῆναι ἐλπὶς, ὥστε τὸν μὲν ἄνθρωπον περιγενέσθαι, τὰ δὲ μελανθέντα τοῦ σώματος ἀποπεσεῖν.
For if the patient appears to bear the disease easily, and some other of the signs of recovery, in addition to these, should show themselves, there is hope that the disease will turn into an abscess, so that the patient survives, while the blackened parts of the body slough off.
Ὄρχιες δὲ καὶ αἰδοῖα ἀνεσπασμένα πόνους ἰσχυροὺς σημαίνει καὶ κίνδυνον θανατώδεα.
Retracted testicles and private parts signify severe pains and deadly danger.
§1010.
10.
Περὶ δὲ ὕπνων, ὥσπερ κατὰ φύσιν ξύνηθες ἡμῖν ἐστι, τὴν μὲν ἡμέρην ἐγρηγορέναι χρὴ, τὴν δὲ νύκτα καθεύδειν.
Regarding sleep, as is natural and customary for us, one should be awake during the day and sleep during the night.
Ἢν δὲ εἴη τοῦτο μεταβεβλημένον, κάκιον· ἥκιστα. δ᾿ ἂν λυπέοιτο, εἰ κοιμῷτο τὸ πρωΐ ἐς τὸ τρίτον μέρος τῆς ἡμέρης· οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τουτέου| τοῦ χρόνου ὕπνοι πονηρότεροί εἰσι·
If this should be reversed, it is worse; but it would cause the least trouble if he should sleep in the morning until the third part of the day; but sleep after this time is worse.
κάκιστον δὲ μὴ κοιμᾶσθαι, μήτε τῆς νυκτὸς, μήτε τῆς ἡμέρης· ἢ γὰρ ὑπὸ ὀδύνης τε καὶ πόνων ἀγρυπνέειν ἢ παραφρονήσειν ἕπεται ἀπὸ τουτέου τοῦ σημείου.
It is worst of all not to sleep either by night or by day; for from this sign, sleeplessness from pain and suffering, or delirium, follows.
§1111.
11.
Διαχώρημα δέ ἐστιν· ἄριστον τὸ μαλθακόν τε καὶ ξυνεστηκὸς, καὶ τὴν ὥρην ἥνπερ καὶ ὑγιαίνοντι ὑπεχώρεε, πλῆθος δὲ πρὸς λόγον τῶν ἐσιόντων· τοιαύτης γὰρ ἐούσης τῆς διεξόδου, ἡ κάτω κοιλίη ὑγιαίνοι ἄν.
As for the excrement, it is best when it is soft and formed, and passed at the same hour as when in health, and in quantity proportional to the food taken; for if the evacuation is of this kind, the lower abdomen would be healthy.
Εἰ δὲ εἴη ὑγρὸν τὸ διαχώρημα, ξυμφέρει μήτε τρύζειν, μήτε πυκνόν τι εἶναι, καὶ κατ᾿ ὀλίγον ὑποχωρέειν· κοπιῶν γὰρ ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὑπὸ τῆς ξυνεχέος ἐξαναστάσιος ἀγρυπνοίη ἄν· εἰ δὲ ἀθρόον πολλάκις διαχωρέει, κίνδυνος λειποθυμῆσαι: Ἀλλὰ χρὴ κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἐσιόντων ἢ δὶς ἢ τρὶς τῆς ἡμέρης ὑποχωρέειν, καὶ τῆς νυκτὸς ἅπαξ, πλείονα δ᾿ ἐπὶ τὸ πρωΐ, ὥσπερ ξύνηθές ἐστι τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ.
But if the stool is liquid, it is not beneficial for it to rumble, nor to be frequent, nor to pass by little and little; for the patient, fatigued by the constant rising, would be sleepless; but if it passes in large quantities frequently, there is danger of fainting. Rather, it should pass twice or thrice during the day, and once during the night, and more towards the morning, as is customary for the patient.
Παχύνεσθαι δὲ χρὴ τὸ διαχώρημα, ἰούσης πρὸς κρίσιν τῆς νούσου.
The excrement should become thicker as the disease proceeds towards a crisis.
Ὑπόπυῤῥον δὲ ἔστω καὶ μὴ λίην δυσῶδες.
Let it be yellowish and not too offensive.
Ἐπιτήδειον δὲ καὶ ἕλμινθας στρογγύλας διεξιέναι μετὰ τοῦ διαχωρήματος, πρὸς κρίσιν ἰούσης τῆς νούσου.
It is also favorable for round worms to pass with the excrement as the disease proceeds towards a crisis.
Δεῖ δὲ ἐν παντὶ τῷ νουσήματι λαπαρὴν τὴν κοιλίην εἶναι καὶ εὔογκον.
In every disease, the abdomen should be soft and well-shaped.
Ὑδαρὲς δὲ κάρτα, ἢ λευκὸν, ἢ χλωρὸν, ἢ ἐρυθρὸν ἰσχυρῶς, ἢ ἀφρῶδες διαχωρέειν, πονηρὰ ταῦτα πάντα.
To pass stools that are very watery, or white, or pale-green, or strongly red, or frothy, are all bad.
Ἔτι δὲ πονηρὸν, καὶ σμικρόν τε ἐὸν, καὶ γλισχρὸν, καὶ λευκὸν, καὶ ὑπόχλωρον, καὶ λεῖον.
It is also bad when it is small, sticky, white, pale-green, and smooth.
Τουτέων δὲ θανατωδέστερα ἂν εἴη τὰ μέλανα, ἢ λιπαρὰ, ἢ πελιὰ, ἢ ἰώδεα, ἢ κάκοδμα.
More deadly than these would be those which are black, or fatty, or livid, or rust-colored, or fetid.
Τὰ δὲ ποικίλα, χρονιώτερα μὲν τουτέων, ὀλέθρια δὲ οὐδὲν ἧσσον· ἔστι δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα ξυσματώδεα, καὶ χολώδεα, καὶ πρασοειδέα, καὶ μέλανα, ποτὲ μὲν ὁμοῦ διεξερχόμενα ἀλλήλοισι, ποτὲ δὲ κατὰ μέρος.
Variegated stools, though more chronic than these, are no less fatal; such are those which are like scrapings, bilious, leek-green, and black, sometimes passing together mixed, and sometimes in turn.
Φῦσαν δὲ ἄνευ ψόφου καὶ περδήσιος διεξιέναι ἄριστον· κρέσσον δὲ καὶ ξὺν ψόφῳ διελθεῖν ἢ αὐτοῦ ἀνειλέεσθαι· καὶ οὕτω διελθοῦσα σημαίνει ἢ πονέειν τι τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἢ παραφρονέειν, ἢν μὴ ἑκὼν ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὕτω τὴν ἄφεσιν τῆς φύσης ποιήσηται.
It is best for wind to pass without noise and without eruption; but it is better to pass even with noise than to be pent up inside; and if it does not pass in this way, it signifies either that the patient is in pain or is delirious, unless the patient voluntarily makes the discharge of wind in this way.
Τοὺς δὲ ἐκ τῶν ὑποχονδρίων πόνους τε καὶ κυρτώματα, ἢν ᾖ νεαρὰ καὶ μὴ ξὺν φλεγμονῇ, λύει βορβορυγμὸς ἐγγενόμενος ἐν τῷ ὑποχονδρίῳ, καὶ μάλιστα μὲν διεξιὼν ξὺν κόπρῳ τε καὶ οὔρῳ καὶ φύσῃ, ἢν δὲ μὴ, καὶ αὐτὸς δὴ περαιωθεὶς ὠφελέει· ὠφελέει δὲ καὶ ὑποκαταβὰς ἐς τὰ κάτω χωρία.
Pains and swellings in the hypochondria, if they are recent and without inflammation, are relieved by a rumbling arising in the hypochondrium, especially if it passes off with feces, urine, and wind; but if not, even the rumbling itself passing through is beneficial; and it is also beneficial if it descends to the lower regions.