§635Μεταποντῖνοι δʼ, ἐξ οὗ σφῶν ὁ φρούραρχος τὸ ἥμισυ τῆς φρουρᾶς ἄγων ἐς Τάραντα ᾤχετο, τοὺς λοιποὺς ὀλίγους γενομένους ἀπέκτειναν καὶ Ἀννίβᾳ προσέθεντο.
The Metapontines, since their garrison commander had gone away to Tarentum leading half the garrison, killed the remaining ones, who were few, and joined Hannibal.
προσέθετο δὲ καὶ ἡ μεταξὺ Μεταποντίνων τε καὶ Θουρίων Ἡράκλεια, δέει μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ.
Heraclea, which is between the Metapontines and Thurians, also joined, more out of fear than by choice.
καὶ πάλιν ἦν ἐπικυδέστερα τὰ Ἀννίβου.
And again the affairs of Hannibal were on the ascendant.
τοῦ δʼ ἑξῆς ἔτους καὶ Λευκανῶν τινες ἀπέστησαν ἀπὸ Ῥωμαίων· οἷς Σεμπρώνιος Γράκχος ἀνθύπατος ἐπελθὼν ἐπολέμει.
In the following year, some of the Lucanians also revolted from the Romans, against whom Sempronius Gracchus, the proconsul, came and waged war.
Λευκανὸς δέ τις ἐκ τῶν ἔτι Ῥωμαίοις ἐμμενόντων Φλάουιος, φίλος ὢν καὶ ξένος Γράκχου, προδιδοὺς αὐτὸν ἔπεισεν ἔς τι χωρίον ἐλθόντα συνθέσθαι Λευκανῶν τοῖς στρατηγοῖς ὡς μετανοοῦσι, καὶ δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν πίστεις.
A certain Lucanian, Flavius, among those still remaining loyal to the Romans, who was a friend and guest-friend of Gracchus, betraying him, persuaded him to come to a certain place to make an agreement with the generals of the Lucanians on the ground that they were repenting, and to give and receive pledges.
ὁ δʼ οὐδὲν ὑποτοπήσας εἵπετο μεθʼ ἱππέων τριάκοντα.
Suspecting nothing, Gracchus followed with thirty horsemen.
Νομάδων δὲ πολλῶν αὐτὸν ἐξ ἐνέδρας κυκλωσαμένων, ὁ μὲν Φλάουιος ἐξίππευσεν ἐς ἐκείνους, ὁ δὲ Γράκχος συνεὶς τῆς προδοσίας καθήλατο μετὰ τῶν ἱππέων, καὶ πολλὰ καὶ γενναῖα δρῶν κατεκόπη μετὰ πάντων πλὴν τριῶν, οὓς μόνους εἷλεν ὁ Ἀννίβας, πολλὴν ποιησάμενος σπουδὴν λαβεῖν ζῶντα Ῥωμαίων τὸν ἀνθύπατον.
When many Numidians surrounded him from an ambush, Flavius rode out to them, but Gracchus, realizing the treachery, leaped down with his horsemen, and performing many brave deeds, was cut down along with all except three, whom alone Hannibal captured, having made a great effort to take the Roman proconsul alive.
αἰσχρῶς δʼ αὐτὸν ἐνηδρευμένον ἀγάμενος ὅμως τῆς τελευταίας ἀρετῆς ἔθαψε, καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ Ῥωμαίοις ἔπεμψεν.
Although Gracchus had been shamefully ambushed, Hannibal nevertheless, admiring his courage at the end, buried him and sent his bones to the Romans.
καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦδε αὐτὸς μὲν ἐν Ἰάπυξιν ἐθέριζε καὶ σῖτον πολὺν ἐσώρευε, §636Ῥωμαίων δʼ ἐπιθέσθαι Καπυαιοις ἐγνωκότων ἔπεμπεν Ἄννωνα μετὰ χιλίων πεζῶν καὶ χιλίων ἱππέων ἐσδραμεῖν νυκτὸς ἐς Καπύην.
And after this, he himself was spending the summer in Iapygia and storing up much grain, while the Romans, having decided to attack the Capuans, sent Hanno with a thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry to rush into Capua by night.
καὶ ὁ μὲν ἐσέδραμε Ῥωμαίους λαθών, οἱ δʼ ἡμέρας γενομένης, ὡς πλέονας εἶδον ἐπὶ τῶν τειχῶν, τὸ συμβὰν ἔγνωσαν, καὶ τῆς μὲν πόλεως εὐθὺς ἀνεχώρουν, τὰ δὲ θέρη τὰ Καπυαίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Καμπανῶν προκατελάμβανον.
And he indeed rushed in, escaping the notice of the Romans; but they, when day came, seeing more men on the walls, realized what had happened and immediately withdrew from the city, but pre-emptively seized the summer crops of the Capuans and of the other Campanians.
ὀδυρομένοις δὲ περὶ τοῦδε τοῖς Καμπανοῖς ὁ Ἀννίβας ἔφη πολὺν ἔχειν σῖτον ἐν Ἰαπυγίᾳ, καὶ πέμποντας ἐκέλευε λαμβάνειν ὁσάκις θέλοιεν.
When the Campanians lamented about this, Hannibal said that he had much grain in Iapygia, and ordered them to send and take it as often as they wished.
οἱ δʼ οὐκ ὑποζύγια μόνον οὐδʼ ἄνδρας, ἀλλὰ καὶ γύναια καὶ παιδία ἔπεμπον ἀχθοφορήσοντα τοῦ σίτου· καὶ γὰρ ἐθάρρουν τῇ διόδῳ, μετελθόντος ἐς αὐτὴν ἐξ Ἰαπύγων Ἀννίβου, καὶ παρὰ τὸν Κάλωρα ποταμὸν στρατοπεδεύοντος, πλησίον Βενεβενδέων, οὓς μόνους ἐδεδοίκεσαν Ῥωμαίοις ἔτι συμμάχους ὄντας.
And they sent not only pack animals and men, but also women and children to carry the grain; for they felt secure about the passage, since Hannibal had moved to it from Iapygia and was encamped by the Calor River, near the Beneventans, whom alone they feared as still being allies to the Romans.
τότε δὲ Ἀννίβου παρόντος ἁπάντων κατεφρόνουν.
At that time, indeed, since Hannibal was present, they looked down on everyone.
§637συνέβη δὲ Ἀννίβαν μέν, καλοῦντος αὐτὸν Ἄννωνος, ἐς Λευκανοὺς διελθεῖν, τὰ πολλὰ τῆς κατασκευῆς ἐν τῷ περὶ Βενεβεντὸν στρατοπέδῳ μετʼ ὀλίγης φρουρᾶς καταλιπόντα, δυοῖν δὲ Ῥωμαίοις στρατηγούντοιν ὑπάτοιν, Φουλουίου τε Φλάκκου καὶ Κλαυδίου Ἀππίου, τὸν ἕτερον αὐτοῖν πυθόμενον ἐπιδραμεῖν τοῖς Καμπανοῖς διαφέρουσι τὰ θέρη, καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν οἷα ἀπαρασκεύους διαφθεῖραι, καὶ τὸν σῖτον Βενεβενδεῦσι δοῦναι, λαβεῖν δὲ καὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον Ἀννίβου, καὶ τὴν ἐν αὐτῷ παρασκευὴν ἁρπάσαι, καὶ Καπύην ἔτι ὄντος ἐν Λευκανοῖς Ἀννίβου περιταφρεῦσαί τε καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ τάφρῳ περιτειχίσαι πᾶσαν ἐν κύκλῳ.
It happened that Hannibal, since Hanno was calling him, went over to the Lucanians, leaving most of his equipment in the camp near Beneventum with a small garrison, and when two Roman consuls were commanding, Fulvius Flaccus and Claudius Appius, one of them, having learned of this, attacked the Campanians who were carrying away the summer crops, destroyed many of them as being unprepared, gave the grain to the Beneventans, captured also the camp of Hannibal, plundered the equipment in it, and, while Hannibal was still in Lucania, surrounded all of Capua with a trench and built a wall upon the trench all around.
καὶ τοῦδε τοῦ περιτειχίσματος ἐκτὸς ἄλλο ποιήσαντες οἱ στρατηγοὶ τὸ μεσον εἶχον ἀντὶ στρατοπέδου.
And having made another wall outside of this circumvallation, the generals held the space between as a camp.
ἐπάλξεις δʼ ἦσαν αὐτοῖς αἱ μὲν ἐς Καπυαίους πολιορκουμένους αἱ δʼ ἐς τοὺς ἔξωθεν ἐπιόντας ἐπεστραμμέναι, ἥ τε ὄψις ἦν πόλεως μεγάλης σμικροτέραν ἐχούσης ἐν μέσῳ.
And they had battlements, some facing towards the besieged Capuans, others turned towards those attacking from the outside; and the appearance was that of a large city containing a smaller one in its midst.
τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ περιτειχίσματος ἐς τὴν Καπύην διάστημα διστάδιον ἦν μάλιστα· ἐν ᾧ πολλαὶ ἐγίγνοντο πεῖραι καὶ συμβολαὶ καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, πολλὰ δʼ ὡς ἐν θεάτρῳ μεσοτειχίῳ μονομάχια, προκαλουμένων ἀλλήλους τῶν ἀρίστων.
And the distance from the circumvallation to Capua was about two stades; in this space many attempts and conflicts took place every day, and many single combats, as if in a theater between the walls, as the bravest challenged one another.
καί τις Καπυαῖος, Ταυρέας, Ῥωμαίων ἐν μονομαχίῳ Κλαύδιον Ἄσελλον περιφεύγων ὑπεχώρει, μέχρι τοῖς Καπυαίων τείχεσιν ὁ Ἄσελλος ἐγκύρσας καὶ τὸν ἵππον οὐ δυνάμενος ἐκ τῆς ῥύμης ἐπιστρέψαι διὰ τῶν πολεμίων πυλῶν ἐς τὴν Καπύην ἐσήλατο σὺν ὁρμῇ, καὶ διιππεύσας τὴν πόλιν ὅλην κατὰ τὰς ἑτέρας ἐξέδραμεν ἐς τοὺς ἐπὶ θάτερα Ῥωμαίους.
And a certain Capuan, Taureas, fleeing from Claudius Asellus of the Romans in a single combat, retreated, until Asellus, running up against the walls of the Capuans and being unable to turn his horse because of its speed, leaped with force through the enemy gates into Capua, and having ridden through the entire city, escaped through the other gates to the Romans on the other side.