Humanitext Reader

Polybius · The Histories §31.22.1-31.22.11

Disinterestedness of Aemilius Paullus and Truth in History

Passage 1196 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Upon the death of Aemilius Paullus, his outstanding integrity and lack of greed are revealed, surpassing even the famous Greek sages. The author emphasizes that since his work will be read by the Romans themselves, there is no room for falsehood in this account.

§31.22.1ὅτι τὸ μέγιστον καὶ κάλλιστον σημεῖον τῆς Λευκίου Αἰμιλίου προαιρέσεως μεταλλάξαντος τὸν βίον ἐγένετο πᾶσιν ἔκδηλον·
The greatest and finest proof of Lucius Aemilius’s character became manifest to all upon his death.
§31.22.2οἷος γὰρ ὁ τρόπος ζῶντος [αὐτοῦ] ἐδοξάζετο, τοιοῦτος εὑρέθη τὸν βίον μεταλλάξαντος, ὃ μέγιστον εἴποι τις ἂν ὑπάρχειν τεκμήριον ἀρετῆς.
For such as his character was esteemed during his life, such it was found to be after his death, which one might call the greatest proof of virtue.
§31.22.3ὁ γὰρ πλεῖστον μὲν τῶν καθʼ αὑτὸν ἐξ Ἰβηρίας χρυσὸν εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην μετενηνοχώς, μεγίστων δὲ θησαυρῶν κύριος γενόμενος ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ, πλείστης δὲ περὶ τὰ προειρημένα τετευχὼς ἐξουσίας τοσοῦτον ἀπέλειπε τὸν ἴδιον βίον ὥστε §31.22.4μὴ δύνασθαι τὴν φερνὴν τῇ γυναικὶ διαλῦσαι πᾶσαν ἐκ τῶν ἐπίπλων, εἰ μὴ τῶν ἐγγείων τινὰς προσαπέδοντο κτήσεων.
For he who had brought the greatest amount of gold to Rome from Iberia of any of his contemporaries, and had become master of the greatest treasures in Macedonia, and had possessed the greatest authority in the aforementioned matters, left his private estate so small that it was not possible to pay his wife her dowry in full from his personal property without selling some of his landed possessions.
ὑπὲρ ὧν ἡμεῖς τὰ κατὰ μέρος ἐν τοῖς πρὸ τούτων εἰρήκαμεν.
Concerning these matters, we have spoken in detail in the preceding parts.
§31.22.5ἐξ ὧν εἴποι τις ἂν καταλελύσθαι τὴν δόξαν τῶν θαυμαζομένων παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι περὶ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος ἀνδρῶν·
From this, one might say that the reputation of those men admired among the Greeks in this respect has been eclipsed.
§31.22.6εἰ γὰρ τὸ διδομένων χρημάτων ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ διδόντος συμφέροντι, τούτων ἀπέχεσθαι θαυμαστόν ἐστιν, ὃ λέγεται γεγονέναι περί τε τὸν Ἀθηναῖον Ἀριστείδην καὶ περὶ τὸν Θηβαῖον Ἐπαμινώνδαν, §31.22.7τὸ κύριον γενόμενον αὐτὸν ἁπάσης τῆς βασιλείας καὶ λαβόντα τὴν ἐξουσίαν ὡς βούλεται χρήσασθαι, μηδενὸς ἐπιθυμῆσαι πόσῳ θαυμαστότερόν ἐστιν;
For if it is admirable to abstain from money when it is offered for the benefit of the giver, as is said to have been the case with Aristides the Athenian and Epaminondas the Theban, how much more admirable is it that he, having become master of an entire kingdom and having received the power to use it as he pleased, coveted nothing?
§31.22.8εἰ δʼ ἀπίστῳ τὸ λεγόμενον ἐοικέναι δόξει τισίν, ἐκεῖνο δεῖ λαμβάνειν ἐν νῷ, διότι σαφῶς ὁ γράφων ᾔδει μάλιστα Ῥωμαίους ἀναληψομένους εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τὰ βυβλία ταῦτα διὰ τὸ τὰς ἐπιφανεστάτας καὶ τὰς πλείστας αὐτῶν πράξεις ἐν τούτοις περιέχεσθαι· §31.22.9παρʼ οἷς οὔτʼ ἀγνοεῖσθαι ταῦτα δυνατὸν οὔτε συγγνώμης τεύξεσθαι τὸν ψευδολόγον εἰκός, §31.22.10διόπερ οὐδεὶς ἂν ἑκὼν εἰς πρόδηλον ἀπιστίαν καὶ καταφρόνησιν ἔδωκεν αὑτόν.
If what is said should seem incredible to some, they must bear in mind that the writer well knew that the Romans above all would take these books into their hands, because their most glorious and most numerous deeds are contained in them; among whom it is neither possible for these things to be unknown, nor is it likely that a writer of falsehoods would obtain pardon, wherefore no one would voluntarily expose himself to obvious disbelief and contempt.
§31.22.11καὶ τοῦτο μνημονευέσθω παρʼ ὅλην τὴν πραγματείαν ἡμῖν, ὅταν τι παράδοξον δοκῶμεν λέγειν περὶ Ῥωμαίων.
And let this be remembered by us throughout our whole work, whenever we seem to say anything incredible about the Romans.

Notes

  1. §31.22.3τὸν ἴδιον βίον — Although βίος usually means "life" or "lifetime", here it is used to denote "means of livelihood", "private property", or "estate" left after death.
  2. §31.22.4προσαπέδοντο — The verb is in the third-person plural because the implied subject is not Aemilius Paullus himself (the subject of the preceding relative clauses), but his sons and heirs (Scipio Aemilianus and Fabius Maximus) who had to settle the estate.
  3. §31.22.6τὸ διδομένων χρημάτων ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ διδόντος συμφέροντι, τούτων ἀπέχεσθαι — The article τὸ at the beginning substantivizes the infinitive ἀπέχεσθαι, which appears at the end of the phrase. The intervening clause διδομένων χρημάτων... is a genitive absolute expressing condition ("when money is offered"), and τούτων is the genitive object governed by the infinitive.
  4. §31.22.11μνημονευέσθω παρʼ ὅλην τὴν πραγματείαν ἡμῖν — The dative ἡμῖν, used with the passive μνημονευέσθω, can be interpreted either as the agent of the passive ("let this be remembered by us [the readers]") or as an authorial plural ("let us [the author] keep this in mind"). Given the context of addressing potential disbelief in Roman virtue, the former (referring to the readers) is more natural.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §31.22.1-31.22.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:31.22.1-31.22.11

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