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Polybius · The Histories §16.20.1-16.20.9

Historical Accuracy and Request for Fair Criticism

Passage 868 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The author emphasizes the necessity of accuracy in writing history, sharing an episode where he corrected the geographical errors of the historian Zeno, and requests his readers to show a similar spirit of constructive criticism and indulgence toward his own work.

§16.20.1ταῦτα δέ μοι δοκεῖ, καὶ καθόλου τὰ τοιαῦτα τῶν ἀλογημάτων, πολλὴν ἐπιφέρειν αἰσχύνην τοῖς συγγραφεῦσι. §16.20.2διὸ δεῖ μάλιστα μὲν πειρᾶσθαι πάντων κρατεῖν τῶν τῆς ἱστορίας μερῶν· καλὸν γάρ· εἰ δὲ μὴ τοῦτο δυνατόν, τῶν ἀναγκαιοτάτων καὶ τῶν μεγίστων ἐν αὐτῇ πλείστην ποιεῖσθαι πρόνοιαν.
These things, and in general all such absurdities, seem to me to bring much disgrace upon historians. Therefore, one ought especially to try to master all parts of history—for that is a fine thing—but if this is not possible, to take the greatest care of the most necessary and important matters in it.
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν προήχθην εἰπεῖν, §16.20.3θεωρῶν νῦν, καθάπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν καὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων, τὸ μὲν ἀληθινὸν καὶ πρὸς τὴν χρείαν ἀνῆκον ἐν ἑκάστοις ἐπισεσυρμένον, §16.20.4τὸ δὲ πρὸς ἀλαζονείαν καὶ φαντασίαν ἐπαινούμενον καὶ ζηλούμενον, ὡς μέγα τι καὶ θαυμάσιον, ὃ καὶ τὴν κατασκευὴν ἔχει ῥᾳδιεστέραν καὶ τὴν εὐδόκησιν ὀλιγοδεεστέραν, καθάπερ αἱ λοιπαὶ τῶν γραφῶν. §16.20.5περὶ δὲ τῆς τῶν τόπων ἀγνοίας τῶν κατὰ τὴν Λακωνικὴν διὰ τὸ μεγάλην εἶναι τὴν παράπτωσιν οὐκ ὤκνησα γράψαι καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν Ζήνωνα, §16.20.6κρίνων καλὸν εἶναι τὸ μὴ τὰς τῶν πέλας ἁμαρτίας ἴδια προτερήματα νομίζειν, καθάπερ ἔνιοι ποιεῖν εἰώθασιν, ἀλλὰ μὴ μόνον τῶν ἰδίων ὑπομνημάτων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων, καθʼ ὅσον οἷοί τʼ ἐσμέν, ποιεῖσθαι πρόνοιαν καὶ διόρθωσιν χάριν τῆς κοινῆς ὠφελείας. §16.20.7ὁ δὲ λαβὼν τὴν ἐπιστολήν, καὶ γνοὺς ἀδύνατον οὖσαν τὴν μετάθεσιν διὰ τὸ προεκδεδωκέναι τὰς συντάξεις, ἐλυπήθη μὲν ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα, ποιεῖν δʼ οὐδὲν εἶχε, τήν γε μὴν ἡμετέραν αἵρεσιν ἀπεδέξατο φιλοφρόνως. §16.20.8ὃ δὴ κἂν ἐγὼ παρακαλέσαιμι περὶ αὑτοῦ τοὺς καθʼ ἡμᾶς καὶ τοὺς ἐπιγινομένους, ἐὰν μὲν κατὰ πρόθεσιν εὑρισκώμεθά που κατὰ τὴν πραγματείαν διαψευδόμενοι καὶ παρορῶντες τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἀπαραιτήτως ἐπιτιμᾶν, §16.20.9ἐὰν δὲ κατʼ ἄγνοιαν, συγγνώμην ἔχειν, καὶ μάλιστα πάντων ἡμῖν διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τῆς συντάξεως καὶ διὰ τὴν καθόλου περιβολὴν τῶν πραγμάτων.
Now, I was led to say these things, because I see now, just as in the case of the other arts and professions, that what is true and contributes to utility is in each case slurred over, while what is designed for ostentation and display is praised and emulated as something great and wonderful, having as it does both an easier construction and a cheaper way of pleasing, just like the rest of writings. As for his ignorance of the places in Laconia, since the error was a great one, I did not hesitate to write even to Zeno himself, judging it to be a fine thing not to regard the errors of our neighbors as our own advantages, as some are accustomed to do, but to take care of and correct not only our own memoirs but also those of others, as far as we are able, for the sake of the common benefit. And he, having received the letter and knowing that a change was impossible because he had already published his works, was grieved as much as could be, but had nothing he could do, though he kindly accepted our attitude. Indeed, this is what I too would entreat our contemporaries and posterity to do concerning myself: if we are found anywhere in our treatise to be intentionally deceiving and disregarding the truth, to censure us without excuse, but if it be through ignorance, to have indulgence, and most of all toward us, because of the magnitude of our work and because of the general scope of our subject.

Notes

  1. 16.20.3θεωρῶν — The participle θεωρῶν (present active participle, masculine nominative singular) agrees with the first-person subject of the main verb προήχθην ('I was led') at the end of the previous section, expressing the cause or reason ('since I see...'). It governs the subsequent accusative-and-participle constructions (τὸ μὲν ἀληθινὸν ... ἐπισεσυρμένον, τὸ δὲ ... ἐπαινούμενον).
  2. 16.20.4ἔχει ῥᾳδιεστέραν — The comparative adjective ῥᾳδιεστέραν (and ὀλιγοδεεστέραν) is used predicatively with the noun τὴν κατασκευὴν (and τὴν εὐδόκησιν) as an object complement of the verb ἔχει ('has its construction easier', meaning 'its construction is easier').
  3. 16.20.8ὃ δὴ κἂν ἐγὼ παρακαλέσαιμι ... ἐπιτιμᾶν — The relative pronoun ὃ (neuter singular accusative) at the beginning of the sentence refers to the content of the preceding sentence (Zeno's kind acceptance of the criticism). The main verb παρακαλέσαιμι (optative, 'I would entreat') governs the infinitive clauses (ἐπιτιμᾶν and ἔχειν in the next section) with the accusative subjects (τοὺς καθʼ ἡμᾶς καὶ τοὺς ἐπιγινομένους).

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §16.20.1-16.20.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:16.20.1-16.20.9

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