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Polybius · The Histories §16.21.1-16.21.12

Character of Tlepolemus and His Mismanagement of Egypt

Passage 869 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The character of the young Tlepolemus, regent of Egypt, is described. While capable in military command, he was utterly incompetent in state administration and finance, and vanity led him to squander the royal treasury on flatterers.

§16.21.1ὅτι ὁ Τληπόλεμος ὁ τὰ τῆς βασιλείας τῶν Αἰγυπτίων πράγματα μεταχειριζόμενος ἦν μὲν κατὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν νέος καὶ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἐν στρατιωτικῷ βίῳ διεγεγόνει μετὰ φαντασίας, §16.21.2ἦν δὲ καὶ τῇ φύσει μετέωρος καὶ φιλόδοξος, καὶ καθόλου πολλὰ μὲν εἰς πραγμάτων λόγον ἀγαθὰ προσεφέρετο, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ κακά. §16.21.3στρατηγεῖν μὲν γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ὑπαίθροις καὶ χειρίζειν πολεμικὰς πράξεις δυνατὸς ἦν, καὶ ἀνδρώδης ὑπῆρχε τῇ φύσει, καὶ πρὸς τὰς στρατιωτικὰς ὁμιλίας εὐφυῶς διέκειτο· §16.21.4πρὸς δὲ ποικίλων πραγμάτων χειρισμόν, δεόμενον ἐπιστάσεως καὶ νήψεως, καὶ πρὸς φυλακὴν χρημάτων καὶ καθόλου τὴν περὶ τὸ λυσιτελὲς οἰκονομίαν, ἀφυέστατος ὑπῆρχε πάντων. §16.21.5ᾗ καὶ ταχέως οὐ μόνον ἔσφηλεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἠλάττωσε. §16.21.6παραλαβὼν γὰρ τὴν τῶν χρημάτων ἐξουσίαν, τὸ μὲν πλεῖστον μέρος τῆς ἡμέρας κατέτριβε σφαιρομαχῶν καὶ πρὸς τὰ μειράκια διαμιλλώμενος ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις, §16.21.7ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων γινόμενος εὐθέως πότους συνῆγε καὶ τὸ πλεῖον μέρος τοῦ βίου περὶ ταῦτα καὶ σὺν τούτοις εἶχε τὴν διατριβήν. §16.21.8ὃν δέ ποτε χρόνον τῆς ἡμέρας ἀπεμέριζε πρὸς ἐντεύξεις, ἐν τούτῳ διεδίδου, μᾶλλον δʼ, εἰ δεῖ τὸ φαινόμενον εἰπεῖν, διερρίπτει τὰ βασιλικὰ χρήματα τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς Ἑλλάδος παραγεγονόσι πρεσβευταῖς καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον τεχνίταις, μάλιστα δὲ τοῖς περὶ τὴν αὐλὴν ἡγεμόσι καὶ στρατιώταις. §16.21.9καθόλου γὰρ ἀνανεύειν οὐκ ᾔδει, τῷ δὲ πρὸς χάριν ὁμιλήσαντι πᾶν ἐξ ἑτοίμου τὸ φανὲν ἐδίδου. §16.21.10τὸ λοιπὸν ηὐξάνετο τὸ κακόν, ἐξ αὑτοῦ λαμβάνον τὴν ἐπίδοσιν. §16.21.11πᾶς γὰρ ὁ παθὼν εὖ παρὰ τὴν προσδοκίαν καὶ τοῦ γεγονότος χάριν καὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος ὑπερεβάλλετο ταῖς τῶν λόγων εὐχαριστίαις· §16.21.12ὁ δὲ πυνθανόμενος τὸν γινόμενον ἐκ πάντων ἔπαινον ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ καὶ τὰς ἐν τοῖς πότοις ἐπιχύσεις, ἔτι δὲ τὰς ἐπιγραφὰς καὶ τὰ διὰ τῶν ἀκροαμάτων εἰς αὑτὸν ᾀδόμενα παίγνια καθʼ ὅλην τὴν πόλιν, εἰς τέλος ἐχαυνοῦτο καὶ μᾶλλον ἀεὶ καὶ μᾶλλον ἐξετυφοῦτο, καὶ προχειρότερος ἐγίνετο πρὸς τὰς
Tlepolemus, who was managing the affairs of the kingdom of Egypt, was young in age and had continuously spent his life in military service with much ostentation. He was also by nature flighty and ambitious, and on the whole, while he contributed many good things to the administration of affairs, he also brought many bad things. For he was capable of commanding in the field and managing military operations, and he was courageous by nature, and was naturally well-disposed to military intercourse. But for the management of complex affairs, which require attention and sobriety, and for the safe-keeping of money, and in general for the administration concerned with utility, he was the most incompetent of all. Wherefore he quickly not only stumbled himself, but also diminished the power of the kingdom. For having taken over the control of the finances, he spent the greatest part of the day playing ball-games and competing in arms with the youths. And having finished with these things, he immediately gathered drinking parties, and had his pastime for the greater part of his life concerning these things and with these companions. And whatever small portion of the day he set apart for audiences, in this he distributed, or rather, if one must speak the apparent truth, he squandered the royal funds among the ambassadors who had arrived from Greece, and the artists of Dionysus, and most of all among the officers and soldiers about the court. For in general he did not know how to refuse, and to anyone who spoke to please him, he readily gave whatever was at hand. Consequently, the evil grew, receiving its increase from itself. For everyone who had received benefits beyond expectation exceeded in their expressions of gratitude, both for the sake of what had been done and for the sake of the future. And he, hearing the praise that came from all concerning himself and the toasts poured at drinking parties, and furthermore the inscriptions and the playful songs sung about him throughout the whole city by the performers, was in the end completely puffed up and grew more and more conceited, and became readier to...

Notes

  1. §16.21.1ὅτι — The introductory ὅτι is a characteristic feature of Byzantine excerpts (Excerpta), serving to introduce the summarizing passage ('That...'). In translations, it is rendered as a direct statement for stylistic naturalness.
  2. §16.21.7ἀπὸ δὲ τούτων γινόμενος — A participial idiom meaning 'having finished with these things' or 'departing from these activities,' referring to the completion of the physical exercises mentioned in the previous sentence.
  3. §16.21.8ὃν δέ ποτε χρόνον τῆς ἡμέρας ἀπεμέριζε πρὸς ἐντεύξεις, ἐν τούτῳ διεδίδου — An attraction of the antecedent, where the noun `χρόνον` is incorporated into the relative clause `ὃν ... χρόνον`, and subsequently picked up by the demonstrative `en toutō` in the main clause.
  4. §16.21.9ἀνανεύειν — Literally 'to throw the head back' (a gesture of denial), used here metaphorically to mean 'to refuse' or 'to say no.'
  5. §16.21.10ἐξ αὑτοῦ λαμβάνον τὴν ἐπίδοσιν — The present participle `lambanon` modifies `to kakon` ('the evil'), describing a self-generating process of growth or deterioration, where the evil feeds on itself.
  6. §16.21.12τὰς ἐν τοῖς πότοις ἐπιχύσεις — The noun `epichysis` means 'pouring over,' referring here to the practice of pouring additional wine during banquets accompanied by toasts and flattering speeches.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §16.21.1-16.21.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:16.21.1-16.21.12

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