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Callimachus · Hymn to Artemis §134-196

Artemis on Olympus and Her Favorite Nymphs

Passage 3 of 4 · Greek

Summary

The poet vows to sing of Artemis, describing her reception on Olympus and her humorous encounter with the ever-hungry Heracles. He then recounts her favored domains and her beloved nymphs, particularly the story of Britomartis fleeing from King Minos.

§134οἴκους ἑστηῶτας ἐσίνατο·
the houses stand and are not harmed.
ταὶ δὲ θυωρὸν §135εἰνάτερες γαλόῳ τε μίαν περὶ δίφρα τίθενται.
And by the door the brothers' wives and the husband's sister place a single seat around it.
§136πότνια, τῶν εἴη μὲν ἐμοὶ φίλος ὅστις ἀληθής, §137εἴην δʼ αὐτός, ἄνασσα, μέλοι δέ μοι αἰὲν ἀοιδή·
Queen, among those may I have a true friend, and may I myself be one, O ruler, and may song be ever my care.
§138τῇ ἔνι μὲν Λητοῦς γάμος ἔσσεται, ἐν δὲ σὺ πολλή, §139ἐν δὲ καὶ Ἀπόλλων, ἐν δʼ οἵ σεο πάντες ἄεθλοι, §140ἐν δὲ κύνες καὶ τόξα καὶ ἄντυγες, αἵ τέ σε ῥεῖα §141θηητὴν φορέουσιν, ὅτʼ ἐς Διὸς οἶκον ἐλαύνεις.
In it shall be the marriage of Leto, and in it you shall be prominent, and in it Apollo too, and in it all your labors, and in it your hounds and bows and chariots, which lightly bear you, beautiful to look upon, when you drive to the house of Zeus.
§142ἔνθα τοι ἀντιόωντες ἐνὶ προμολῇσι δέχονται §143ὅπλα μὲν Ἑρμείης Ἀκακήσιος, αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων §144θηρίον ὅττι φέρῃσθα· πάροιθέ γέ, πρίν περ ἱκέσθαι §145καρτερὸν Ἀλκεΐδην· νῦν δʼ οὐκέτι τοῦτον ἄεθλον §146Φοῖβος ἔχει, τοῖος γὰρ ἀεὶ Τιρύνθιος ἄκμων §147ἕστηκε πρὸ πυλέων ποτιδέγμενος, εἴ τι φέρουσα §148νεῖαι πῖον ἔδεσμα·
There, meeting you, they receive you at the entrance: Hermes of Acacesia receives your weapons, and Apollo whatever beast you bring—at least in former times, before there arrived the mighty Alcides; but now Phoebus no longer has this labor, for such an anvil of Tiryns ever stands before the gates, waiting if you should return bringing some fat food.
θεοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ πάντες ἐκείνῳ §149ἄλληκτον γελόωσι, μάλιστα δὲ πενθερὴ αὐτή, §150ταῦρον ὅτʼ ἐκ δίφροιο μάλα μέγαν ἢ ὅ γε χλούνην §151κάπρον ὀπισθιδίοιο φέροι ποδὸς ἀσπαίροντα·
And all the gods laugh at him without ceasing, and most of all his mother-in-law herself, when from the chariot he brings a very great bull or a wild boar, gasping, by its hind foot.
§152κερδαλέῳ μύθῳ σε, θεή, μάλα τῷδε πινύσκει §153βάλλε κακοὺς ἐπὶ θῆρας, ἵνα θνητοί σε βοηθὸν §154ὡς ἐμὲ κικλήσκωσιν.
With this clever speech, goddess, he advises you: "Shoot at harmful beasts, so that mortals may call you helper as they do me.
ἔα πρόκας ἠδὲ λαγωοὺς §155οὔρεα βόσκεσθαι· τί δέ κεν πρόκες ἠδὲ λαγωοὶ
Leave the fawns and hares to feed on the mountains; for what could fawns and hares do?
§156ῥέξειαν; σύες ἔργα, σύες φυτὰ λυμαίνονται.
Boars ravage tillage, boars ravage plants.
§157καὶ βόες ἀνθρώποισι κακὸν μέγα· βάλλʼ ἐπὶ καὶ τούς. §158ὣς ἔνεπεν, ταχινὸς δὲ μέγαν περὶ θῆρα πονεῖτο.
And bulls are a great evil to men; shoot at them too." So he spoke, and quickly busied himself with the great beast.
§159οὐ γὰρ ὅ γε Φρυγίῃ περ ὑπὸ δρυὶ γυῖα θεωθεὶς §160παύσατʼ ἀδηφαγίης· ἔτι οἱ πάρα νηδὺς ἐκείνη, §161τῇ ποτʼ ἀροτριόωντι συνήντετο Θειοδάμαντι.
For even when his limbs were made divine under the Phrygian oak, he did not cease from his gluttony; he still has that belly with which he once met Theiodamas at the plough.
§162σοὶ δʼ Ἀμνισιάδες μὲν ὑπὸ ζεύγληφι λυθείσας §163ψήχουσιν κεμάδας, παρὰ δέ σφισι πουλὺ νέμεσθαι §164Ἥρης ἐκ λειμῶνος ἀμησάμεναι φορέουσιν §165ὠκύθοον τριπέτηλον, ὃ καὶ Διὸς ἵπποι ἔδονσιν· §166ἐν καὶ χρυσείας ὑποληνίδας ἐπλήσαντο §167ὕδατος, ὄφρʼ ἐλάφοισι ποτὸν θυμάρμενον εἴη.
For you, the nymphs of Amnisus, rubbing down the hinds unyoked from the yoke, and beside them, to graze abundantly, they carry clover harvested from Hera's meadow, swift-growing three-leaved clover, which also Zeus' horses eat; and they fill golden troughs with water, so that there may be a pleasing drink for the hinds.
§168αὐτὴ δʼ ἐς πατρὸς δόμον ἔρχεαι· οἱ δέ σʼ ἐφʼ ἕδρην §169πάντες ὁμῶς καλέουσι· σὺ δʼ Ἀπόλλωνι παρίζεις.
But you go to your father's house; and they all alike invite you to a seat, but you sit beside Apollo.
§170ἡνίκα δʼ αἱ νύμφαι σε χορῷ ἔνι κυκλώσονται §171ἀγχόθι πηγάων Αἰγυπτίου Ἰνωποῖο §172ἢ Πιτάνης (καὶ γὰρ Πιτάνη σέθεν) ἢ ἐνὶ Λίμναις, §173ἢ ἵνα, δαῖμον, Ἀλὰς Ἀραφηνίδας οἰκήσονσα §174ἦλθες ἀπὸ Σκυθίης, ἀπὸ δʼ εἴπαο τέθμια Ταύρων, §175μὴ νειὸν τημοῦτος ἐμαὶ βόες εἵνεκα μισθοῦ §176τετράγυον τέμνοιεν ὑπʼ ἀλλοτρίῳ ἀροτῆρι·
And when the nymphs encircle you in the dance near the springs of Egyptian Inopus, or of Pitane (for Pitane too is yours), or in Limnae, or where, goddess, you came from Scythia to dwell in Halae Araphenides, and rejected the customs of the Tauri, at that time let not my oxen for hire cleave a four-acre fallow under a stranger ploughman.
§177ἦ γάρ κεν γυιαί τε καὶ αὐχένα κεκμηυῖαι §178κόπρον ἔπι προγένοιντο, καὶ εἰ Στυμφαιίδες εἶεν §179εἰναετιζόμεναι κεραελκέες, αἳ μέγʼ ἄρισται §180τέμνειν ὦλκα βαθεῖαν·
For surely, weary in limbs and neck, they would sink upon the dung, even if they were Stymphaean nine-year-olds with strong horns, which are best at cutting a deep furrow.
ἐπεὶ θεὸς οὔποτʼ ἐκεῖνον §181ἦλθε παρʼ Ἠέλιος καλὸν χορόν, ἀλλὰ θεῆται §182δίφρον ἐπιστήσας, τὰ δὲ φάεα μηκύνονται.
For never does the sun-god pass by that beautiful dance, but he stops his chariot and gazes, and the daylight is prolonged.
§183τίς δέ νύ τοι νήσων, ποῖον δʼ ὄρος εὔαδε πλεῖστον, §184τίς δὲ λιμήν, ποίη δὲ πόλις;
But which of the islands, which mountain pleased you most, which harbor, and which city?
τίνα δʼ ἔξοχα νυμφέων §185φίλαο, καὶ ποίας ἡρωίδας ἔσχες ἑταίρας;
And which of the nymphs did you especially love, and what heroines did you have as companions?
§186εἰπέ, θεή, σὺ μὲν ἄμμιν, ἐγὼ δʼ ἑτέροισιν ἀείσω.
Tell us, goddess, and I shall sing of it to others.
§187νήσων μὲν Δολίχη, πολίων δέ τοι εὔαδε Πέργη, §188Τηύγετον δʼ ὀρέων, λιμένες γε μὲν Εὐρίποιο.
Of islands, Doliche pleased you, and of cities, Perge, and Taygetus of mountains, and the harbors of Euripus.
§189ἔξοχα δʼ ἀλλάων Γορτυνίδα φίλαο νύμφην, §190ἐλλοφόνον Βριτόμαρτιν ἐύσκοπον·
And above others you loved the Gortynian nymph, the stag-killer, Britomartis, of sure aim.
ἧς ποτε Μίνως §191πτοιηθεὶς ὑπʼ ἔρωτι κατέδραμεν οὔρεα Κρήτης.
For whom once Minos, maddened by love, ran over the mountains of Crete.
§192ἡ δʼ ὁτὲ μὲν λασίῃσιν ὑπὸ δρυσὶ κρύπτετο νύμφη, §193ἄλλοτε δʼ εἱαμενῇσιν· ὁ δʼ ἐννέα μῆνας ἐφοίτα §194παίπαλά τε κρημνούς τε καὶ οὐκ ἀνέπαυσε διωκτύν, §195μέσφʼ ὅτε μαρπτομένη καὶ δὴ σχεδὸν ἥλατο πόντον §196πρηόνος ἐξ ὑπάτοιο καὶ ἔνθορεν εἰς ἁλιήων
And the nymph would hide now under shaggy oaks, now in the marshy meadows; and he wandered for nine months over crags and cliffs, nor did he rest from the pursuit, until, being almost caught, she leaped into the sea from a high cliff and sprang into the nets of fishermen...

Notes

  1. 134-135ταὶ δὲ θυωρὸν / εἰνάτερες γαλόῳ τε μίαν περὶ δίφρα τίθενται — The term θυωρὸν is a substantivized adjective meaning 'belonging to the door/porter,' here describing the wives of brothers-in-law and the sister-in-law visiting each other's households and gathering around a single seat (δίφρα) in domestic harmony.
  2. 146Τιρύνθιος ἄκμων — The 'Tirynthian anvil' is a metaphorical metonymy for Heracles (who was associated with Tiryns), emphasizing his unyielding physical strength and toughness, comparable to a blacksmith's anvil.
  3. 159γυῖα θεωθεὶς — The passive participle θεωθεὶς (having been made divine) is accompanied by γυῖα (limbs, body) as an accusative of respect (Greek accusative), yielding the meaning 'having had his body deified.'
  4. 175μὴ... τέμνοιεν — The combination of the negative particle μὴ with the optative verb τέμνοιεν expresses a negative wish or prayer ('may they not cleave...').

Cite this passage

Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis §134-196. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0533.tlg017.humanitext-grc3:134-196

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