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Callimachus · Hymn to Artemis §197-268

Sacred Places of Artemis and the Temple at Ephesus

Passage 4 of 4 · Greek

Summary

The poet sings of various epithets and sacred places associated with Artemis, the Amazons' dance and the origin of the temple at Ephesus, the tragic ends of those who offended her divinity, and concludes with warnings against impiety and praise for the goddess.

§197δίκτυα, τά σφʼ ἐσάωσαν· ὅθεν μετέπειτα Κύδωνες §198νύμφην μὲν Δίκτυναν, ὄρος δʼ ὅθεν ἥλατο νύμφη §199Δικταῖον καλέουσιν, ἀνεστήσαντο δὲ βωμοὺς
the nets, which saved her; whence afterwards the Cydonians call the nymph Dictynna, and the mountain whence she leaped Dictaeon, and they established altars and offer sacrifices.
§200ἱερά τε ῥέζουσι· τὸ δὲ στέφος ἤματι κείνῳ §201ἢ πίτυς ἢ σχῖνος, μύρτοιο δὲ χεῖρες ἄθικτοι· §202δὴ τότε γὰρ πέπλοισιν ἐνέσχετο μύρσινος ὄζος §203τῆς κούρης, ὅτʼ ἔφευγεν· ὅθεν μέγα χώσατο μύρτῳ.
And the crown on that day is of pine or mastic, but hands are untouched by myrtle; for indeed at that time a branch of myrtle was caught in the robes of the girl, when she fled; whence she was greatly angered at the myrtle.
§204Οὖπι ἄνασσʼ εὐῶπι φαεσφόρε, καὶ δὲ σὲ κείνγς §205Κρηταέες καλέουσιν ἐπωνυμίην ἀπὸ νύμφης.
Oupis, queen of beautiful face, bringer of light, indeed you too by her name the Cretans call, after the nymph.
§206καὶ μὴν Κυρήνην ἑταρίσσαο, τῇ ποτʼ ἔδωκας §207αὐτὴ θηρητῆρε δύω κύνε, τοῖς ἔνι κούρη §208Ὑψηὶς παρὰ τύμβον Ἰώλκιον ἔμμορʼ ἀέθλου.
And indeed you made Cyrene your companion, to whom once you gave yourself two hunting hounds, with which the girl, daughter of Hypseus, won the prize by the tomb of Iolcus.
§209καὶ Κεφάλου ξανθὴν ἄλοχον Δηιονίδαο, §210πότνια, σὴν ὁμόθηρον ἐθήκαο· καὶ δὲ σὲ φασὶ §211καλὴν Ἀντίκλειαν ἴσον φαέεσσι φιλῆσαι §212αἳ πρῶται θοὰ τόξα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι φαρέτρας §213ἰοδόκους ἐφόρησαν· ἀσίλλωτοι δέ φιν ὦμοι §214δεξιτεροὶ καὶ γυμνὸς ἀεὶ παρεφαίνετο μαζός.
And the fair-haired wife of Cephalus, daughter of Deioneus, O queen, you made your companion in the hunt; and indeed they say you loved the beautiful Anticleia even as your own eyes, who first bore swift bows and on their shoulders quivers holding arrows; and their right shoulders were uncovered and a bare breast always appeared.
§215ᾔνησας δʼ ἔτι πάγχυ ποδορρώρην Ἀταλάντην, §216κούρην Ἰασίοιο συοκτόνον Ἀρκασίδαο, §217καί ἑ κυνηλασίην τε καὶ εὐστοχίην ἐδίδαξας.
And you praised moreover exceedingly swift-footed Atalanta, daughter of Iasius, the boar-slaying Arcadian maid, and you taught her hunting with dogs and accuracy of aim.
§218οὔ μιν ἐπίκλητοι Καλυδωνίου ἀγρευτῆρες §219μέμφονται κάπροιο· τὰ γὰρ σημήια νίκης §220Ἀρκαδίην εἰσῆλθεν, ἔχει δʼ ἔτι θηρὸς ὀδόντας·
The invited hunters of the Calydonian boar do not blame her; for the tokens of victory entered Arcadia, and she still has the teeth of the beast.
§221οὐδὲ μὲν Ὑλαῖόν τε καὶ ἄφρονα Ῥοῖκον ἔολπα §222οὐδέ περ ἐχθαίροντας ἐν Ἄιδι μωμήσασθαι §223τοξότιν· οὐ γάρ σφιν λαγόνες συνεπιψεύσονται, §224τάων Μαιναλίη νᾶεν φόνῳ ἀκρώρεια.
Nor indeed do I expect Hylaeus and foolish Rhoecus, even though they hate her in Hades, to disparage the archer-maid; for their flanks will not lie for them, which Maenalus' ridge flowed with the blood of.
§225πότνια πουλυμέλαθρε, πολύπτολι, χαῖρε Χιτώνη §226Μιλήτῳ ἐπίδημε· σὲ γὰρ ποιήσατο Νηλεὺς §227ἡγεμόνην, ὅτε νηυσὶν ἀνήγετο Κεκροπίηθεν.
Queen of many temples, of many cities, hail, Chesias, dwelling in Miletus; for Neleus made you his leader when he set sail with ships from Cecropia.
§228Χησιὰς Ἰμβρασίη πρωτόθρονε, σοὶ δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων §229πηδάλιον νηὸς σφετέρης ἐγκάτθετο νηῷ §230μείλιον ἀπλοΐης, ὅτε οἱ κατέδησας ἀήτας, §231Τευκρῶν ἡνίκα νῆες Ἀχαιίδες ἄστεα κήδειν §232ἔπλεον ἀμφʼ Ἑλένῃ Ῥαμνουσίδι θυμωθεῖσαι.
Chesias, of Imbrasus, holding the first seat, to you Agamemnon placed the rudder of his ship in your temple as a peace-offering for the lack of wind, when you bound the winds for him, when the Achaean ships sailed to trouble the cities of the Teucrians, angered on account of Helen of Rhamnus.
§233ἦ μέν τοι Προῖτός γε δύω ἐκαθίσσατο νηούς, §234ἄλλον μὲν Κορίης, ὅτι οἱ συνελέξαο κούρας §235οὔρεα πλαζομένας Ἀζήνια, τὸν δʼ ἐνὶ Λούσοις §236ἡμέρῃ, οὕνεκα θυμὸν ἀπʼ ἄγριον εἵλεο παίδων.
Indeed Proetus established two temples for you, one of Koria, because you gathered for him his daughters wandering in the Azanian mountains, and the other in Lusi of Hemera, because you took away the wild spirit from the girls.
§237σοὶ καὶ Ἀμαζονίδες πολέμου ἐπιθυμήτειραι §238ἔν ποτε παρραλίῃ Ἐφέσῳ βρέτας ἱδρύσαντο §239φηγῷ ὑπὸ πρέμεῳ, τέλεσεν δέ τοι ἱερὸν Ἱππώ· §240αὐταὶ δʼ, Οὖπι ἄνασσα, περὶ πρύλιν ὠρχήσαντο §241πρῶτα μὲν ἐν σακέεσσιν ἐνόπλιον, αὖθι δὲ κύκλῳ §242στησάμεναι χορὸν εὐρύν· ὑπήεισαν δὲ λίγειαι §243λεπταλέον σύριγγες, ἵνα ῥήσσωσιν ὁμαρτῇ· §244οὐ γάρ πω νέβρεια διʼ ὀστέα τετρήναντο, §245ἔργονʼ Ἀθηναίης ἐλάφῳ κακόν· ἔδραμε δʼ ἠχὼ §246Σάρδιας ἔς τε νομὸν Βερεκύνθιον.
To you also the Amazons, eager for war, once in coastal Ephesus set up a wooden image under the trunk of an oak, and Hippo performed the sacred rite for you; and they themselves, Queen Oupis, danced around the image first an armed dance with shields, and then in a circle establishing a wide dance; and there accompanied them clear shrill pipes, that they might beat the ground in unison; for they had not yet bored the bones of fawns, the work of Athena, an evil thing for the deer; and the sound ran to Sardis and to the Berecynthian pasture.
αἱ δὲ πόδεσσιν §247οὖλα κατεκροτάλιζον, ἐπεψόφεον δὲ φαρέτραι.
And they with their feet stamped loudly, and the quivers rattled.
§248κεῖνο δέ τοι μετέπειτα περὶ βρέτας εὐρὺ θέμειλον §249δωμήθη, τοῦ δʼ οὔτε θεώτερον ὄψεται ἠὼς §250οὐδʼ ἀφνειότερον· ῥέα κεν Πυθῶνα παρέλθοι.
And around that wooden image afterwards a wide foundation was built, and a more divine temple than this the dawn shall never see, nor one more wealthy; easily would it surpass Pytho.
§251τῶ ῥα καὶ ἠλαίνων ἀλαπαξέμεν ἠπείλησε §252Λύγδαμις ὑβριστής· ἐπὶ δὲ στρατὸν ἱππημολγῶν §253ἤγαγε Κιμμερίων ψαμάθῳ ἴσον, οἵ ῥα παρʼ αὐτὸν §254κεκλιμένοι ναίουσι βοὸς πόρον Ἰναχιώνης.
Therefore indeed, wandering in mind, to destroy it threatened Lygdamis the insolent; and a host of mare-milking Cimmerians he led, equal to the sand, who near the passage of the cow, daughter of Inachus, dwell.
§255ἆ δειλὸς βασιλέων, ὅσον ἤλιτεν·
Ah, wretched king, how greatly he sinned!
οὐ γὰρ ἔμελλεν §256οὔτʼ αὐτὸς Σκυθίηνδε παλιμπετὲς οὔτε τις ἄλλος §257ὅσσων ἐν λειμῶνι Καϋστρίῳ ἔσταν ἅμαξαι §258νοστήσειν· Ἐφέσου γὰρ ἀεὶ τεὰ τόξα πρόκειται.
For neither was he himself destined to return back to Scythia, nor anyone else of all those whose wagons stood in the Caÿstrian meadow; for over Ephesus your bows ever stand in defense.
§259πότνια Μουνιχίη λιμενοσκόπε, χαῖρε Φεραίη.
Queen of Munychia, watcher of harbors, hail, Pheraea.
§260μή τις ἀτιμήσῃ τὴν Ἄρτεμιν· οὐδὲ γὰρ Οἰνεῖ §261βωμὸν ἀτιμήσαντι καλοὶ πόλιν ἦλθον ἀγῶνες· §262μηδʼ ἐλαφηβολίην μηδʼ εὐστοχίην ἐριδαίνειν· §263οὐδὲ γὰρ Ἀτρεΐδης ὀλίγῳ ἔπι κόμπασε μισθῷ· §264μηδέ τινα μνᾶσθαι τὴν παρθένον· οὐδὲ γὰρ Ὦτος, §265οὐδὲ μὲν Ὠαρίων ἀγαθὸν γάμον ἐμνήστευσαν· §266μηδὲ χορὸν φεύγειν ἐνιαύσιον· οὐδὲ γὰρ Ἱππὼ §267ἀκλαυτεὶ περὶ βωμὸν ἀπείπατο κυκλώσασθαι· §268χαῖρε μέγα κρείουσα καὶ εὐάντησον ἀοιδῇ.
Let no one dishonor Artemis; for not even to Oeneus, when he dishonored her altar, did fair contests come upon his city; nor let anyone strive with her in stag-hunting or accuracy of aim; for not even the son of Atreus boasted at a small price; nor let anyone woo the virgin; for neither Otus nor Orion courted a good marriage; nor let anyone shun the yearly dance; for neither did Hippo without tears refuse to dance around the altar; hail, great ruler, and look favorably upon my song.

Notes

  1. §197τά σφʼ ἐσάωσαν — σφε is the accusative of the third-person pronoun, referring to the nymph (Britomartis, feminine singular) mentioned in the preceding text.
  2. §201μύρτοιο δὲ χεῖρες ἄθικτοι — ἄθικτοι is an adjective meaning "untouched", governing the genitive μύρτοιο to express a prohibition or taboo against hands touching myrtle due to its interference during the goddess's flight.
  3. §221οὐδὲ μὲν Ὑλαῖόν τε καὶ ἄφρονα Ῥοῖκον ἔολπα... μωμήσασθαι — The perfect verb ἔολπα (with a present meaning, "I expect/think") governs an accusative-with-infinitive construction (accusatives Ὑλαῖόν τε καὶ ἄφρονα Ῥοῖκον, infinitive μωμήσασθαι), meaning "I do not expect Hylaeus and foolish Rhoecus to disparage (Atalanta)".
  4. §230ἀπλοΐης — The genitive of the noun ἀπλοΐα (inability to sail) modifies μείλιον (peace-offering/appeasement) as an objective genitive ("appeasement for the inability to sail") or a genitive of cause.
  5. §256οὔτʼ αὐτὸς... νοστήσειν — The future infinitive νοστήσειν (to return) is governed by the verb ἔμελλεν in §255, forming the construction μέλλω + infinitive to express destiny or fate ("he was not destined to return").

Cite this passage

Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis §197-268. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0533.tlg017.humanitext-grc3:197-268

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