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Pausanias · Description of Greece §6.22.6-6.22.11

Location of Pylos and Artemis at Letrini

Passage 254 of 465 · Greek

Summary

Explains the Eleans' claim regarding the location of Pylos based on a Homeric verse, followed by the mythological origins of the surnames "Alpheiaea" and "Elaphiaea" of Artemis at Letrini.

§6.22.6λέγουσι δὲ οἱ Ἠλεῖοι καὶ ἔπος ἐς τὴν Πύλον ταύτην ἔχειν τῶν Ὁμήρου, " γένος δʼ ἦν ἐκ ποταμοῖο Ἀλφειοῦ, ὅστʼ εὐρὺ ῥέει Πυλίων διὰ γαίης, " καὶ ἐμὲ ἔπειθον λέγοντες·
The Eleans also say that a verse of Homer applies to this Pylos: "His descent was from the river Alpheus, which flows broadly through the land of the Pylians," and they convinced me by saying so.
ῥεῖ γὰρ δὴ διὰ τῆς χώρας ταύτης ὁ Ἀλφειός, ἐς δὲ ἄλλην Πύλον οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπενεγκεῖν τὸ ἔπος· Πυλίων γὰρ τῶν ὑπὲρ νήσου τῆς Σφακτηρίας οὐ πέφυκεν ἀρχὴν διοδεύειν τὴν γῆν ὁ Ἀλφειός, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ἐν τῇ Ἀρκάδων Πύλον ποτὲ ὀνομασθεῖσαν ἴσμεν πόλιν.
For the Alpheus indeed flows through this country, and it is not possible to apply the verse to the other Pylos; for the Alpheus does not by nature at all pass through the land of the Pylians who live above the island of Sphacteria, nor indeed do we know of any city in the land of the Arcadians that was ever called Pylos.
§6.22.7ἀπέχει δὲ ὡς πεντήκοντα Ὀλυμπίας σταδίους κώμη τε Ἠλείων Ἡράκλεια καὶ πρὸς αὐτῇ Κύθηρος ποταμός· πηγὴ δὲ ἐκδιδοῦσα ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν καὶ νυμφῶν ἐστιν ἱερὸν ἐπὶ τῇ πηγῇ.
About fifty stades from Olympia is a village of the Eleans called Heracleia, and near it is the river Cytherus; there is a spring flowing into the river, and a sanctuary of the nymphs is upon the spring.
ὀνόματα δὲ ἰδίᾳ μὲν ἑκάστῃ τῶν νυμφῶν Καλλιφάεια καὶ Συνάλλασις καὶ Πηγαία τε καὶ Ἴασις, ἐν κοινῷ δέ σφισιν ἐπίκλησις Ἰωνίδες.
The individual names of each of the nymphs are Calliphaeia, Synallasis, Pegaea, and Iasis, but their common surname is Ionides.
λουομένοις δὲ ἐν τῇ πηγῇ καμάτων τέ ἐστι καὶ ἀλγημάτων παντοίων ἰάματα·
For those who bathe in the spring there are cures for all kinds of weariness and pains.
καλεῖσθαι δὲ τὰς νύμφας ἀπὸ Ἴωνος λέγουσι τοῦ Γαργηττοῦ, μετοικήσαντος ἐνταῦθα ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν.
They say that the nymphs were named after Ion, the son of Gargettus, who migrated here from Athens.
§6.22.8εἰ δὲ ἐλθεῖν ἐς Ἦλιν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου θελήσειας, σταδίους μὲν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν ἐς Λετρίνους ἕξεις, ὀγδοήκοντα δὲ ἐκ Λετρίνων καὶ ἑκατὸν ἐπὶ Ἦλιν.
If you should wish to go to Elis through the plain, you will have a hundred and twenty stades to Letrini, and a hundred and eighty from Letrini to Elis.
τὸ μὲν δὴ ἐξ ἀρχῆς πόλισμα ἦν οἱ Λετρῖνοι, καὶ Λετρεὺς ὁ Πέλοπος ἐγεγόνει σφίσιν οἰκιστής· ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ οἰκήματά τε ἐλείπετο ὀλίγα καὶ Ἀλφειαίας Ἀρτέμιδος ἄγαλμα ἐν ναῷ.
Originally Letrini was a small town, and Letreus, the son of Pelops, had been its founder; but in my time only a few buildings were left, and an image of Alpheiaean Artemis in a temple.
§6.22.9γενέσθαι δὲ τὴν ἐπίκλησιν τῇ θεῷ λέγουσιν ἐπὶ λόγῳ τοιῷδε· ἐρασθῆναι τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος τὸν Ἀλφειόν, ἐρασθέντα δέ, ὡς ἐπέγνω μὴ γενήσεσθαί οἱ διὰ πειθοῦς καὶ δεήσεως τὸν γάμον, ἐπιτολμᾶν ὡς βιασόμενον τὴν θεόν, καὶ αὐτὸν ἐς παννυχίδα ἐς Λετρίνους ἐλθεῖν ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τε ἀγομένην τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ νυμφῶν αἷς παίζουσα συνῆν·
They say that the surname was given to the goddess for the following reason: Alpheus fell in love with Artemis, and when he realized that the marriage would not be brought about for him by persuasion and entreaty, he dared to attempt to force the goddess, and came himself to Letrini to a night-festival which was being celebrated by Artemis herself and the nymphs with whom she was playing.
τὴν δὲ—ἐν ὑπονοίᾳ γὰρ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν ἔχειν— ἀλείψασθαι τὸ πρόσωπον πηλῷ καὶ αὐτὴν καὶ ὅσαι τῶν νυμφῶν παρῆσαν, καὶ τὸν Ἀλφειόν, ὡς ἐσῆλθεν, οὐκ ἔχειν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων διακρῖναι τὴν Ἄρτεμιν, ἅτε δὲ οὐ διαγινώσκοντα ἀπελθεῖν ἐπὶ ἀπράκτῳ τῷ ἐγχειρήματι.
But she—for she had a suspicion of the plot of Alpheus—smeared her own face and those of all the nymphs who were present with mud, so that Alpheus, when he entered, could not distinguish Artemis from the others, and being unable to recognize her, departed with his attempt unaccomplished.
§6.22.10Λετριναῖοι μὲν δὴ Ἀλφειαίαν ἐκάλουν τὴν θεὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ τῷ ἐς αὐτὴν ἔρωτι· οἱ δὲ Ἠλεῖοι —φιλία γάρ σφισιν ὑπῆρχεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐς Λετριναίους —τὰ παρὰ σφίσιν Ἀρτέμιδι ἐς τιμὴν τῇ Ἐλαφιαίᾳ καθεστηκότα ἐς Λετρίνους τε μετήγαγον καὶ τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι ἐνόμισαν τῇ Ἀλφειαίᾳ δρᾶν, καὶ οὕτω τὴν Ἀλφειαίαν θεὸν Ἐλαφιαίαν ἀνὰ χρόνον ἐξενίκησεν ὀνομασθῆναι.
The Letreans indeed called the goddess Alpheiaean because of the love of Alpheus for her; but the Eleans—for they had an ancient friendship with the Letreans—transferred the honors established among themselves for Artemis under the name of Elaphiaean to Letrini, and accustomed themselves to perform them for Alpheiaean Artemis, and so in course of time it prevailed for the Alpheiaean goddess to be called Elaphiaean.
§6.22.11Ἐλαφιαίαν δὲ ἐκάλουν οἱ Ἠλεῖοι τὴν Ἄρτεμιν ἐπὶ τῶν ἐλάφων ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τῇ θήρᾳ· αὐτοὶ δὲ γυναικὸς ἐπιχωρίας ὄνομα εἶναι τὴν Ἐλάφιον καὶ ὑπὸ ταύτης τραφῆναι τὴν Ἄρτεμίν φασι.
The Eleans, in my opinion, called Artemis Elaphiaean because of the hunting of deer; but they themselves say that Elaphius was the name of a local woman, and that Artemis was reared by her.
Λετρίνων δὲ ὅσον τε ἕξ ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις ἐστὶν ἀέναος λίμνη τριῶν που τὴν διάμετρον σταδίων μάλιστα.
About six stades beyond Letrini is a perennial lake, about three stades in diameter.

Notes

  1. §6.22.6ἀρχὴν — An adverbial accusative used with a negative to mean 'at all' or 'by any means.' Here, in the negative context, it emphasizes the absolute impossibility of the river passing through that region.
  2. §6.22.7λουομένοις — Present participle in the dative masculine plural, functioning as a dative of advantage (or reference). It translates as 'for those who bathe,' indicating to whom the cures (ἰάματα, the subject) are granted.
  3. §6.22.9ἐν ὑπονοίᾳ γὰρ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν ἔχειν — A parenthetical clause within the indirect discourse. The infinitive ἔχειν is part of the accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on the main verb λέγουσιν. The genitive τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ functions as an objective genitive: 'having a suspicion of the plot of Alpheus.'
  4. §6.22.9οὐκ ἔχειν αὐτὸν ... διακρῖναι — The verb ἔχω followed by an infinitive (διακρῖναι) expresses capability, here negated as 'could not distinguish.' The pronoun αὐτόν is the subject accusative of the infinitive clause, referring to Alpheus.
  5. §6.22.10ἐξενίκησεν ὀνομασθῆναι — The verb ἐκνικάω (to prevail, win out) is used here with the passive infinitive ὀνομασθῆναι to mean 'it finally prevailed that she was named...' or 'the name ... won out in the end.'
  6. §6.22.11ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν — An idiomatic use of the absolute infinitive, meaning 'in my opinion' or 'as it seems to me,' qualifying the statement of the clause.

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §6.22.6-6.22.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.22.6-6.22.11

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