§5.3.9τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τῆς Λατίνης πόλεων τὰς μὲν ἑτέροις γνωρίσμασι τὰς δὲ ὁδοῖς ἀφορίσαιτʼ ἄν τις ταῖς γνωριμωτάταις, ὅσαι διὰ τῆς Λατίνης ἔστρωνται· ἢ γὰρ ἐπὶ ταύταις ἢ παρὰ ταύταις ἢ μεταξὺ ἵδρυνται.
Of the other cities of Latium, one might define some by other characteristics, and others by the most well-known roads by which they are paved through Latium; for they are situated either upon these roads, or beside them, or between them.
γνωριμώταται δὲ τῶν ὁδῶν ἥ τε Ἀππία καὶ ἡ Λατίνη καὶ ἡ Ὀυαλερία, ἡ μὲν τὰ πρὸς θάλατταν ἀφορίζουσα μέρη τῆς Λατίνης μέχρι Σινοέσσης, ἡ δὲ τὰ πρὸς τῇ Σαβίνῃ μέχρι Μαρσῶν, μέση δʼ αὐτῶν ἡ Λατίνη ἡ συμπίπτουσα τῇ Ἀππίᾳ κατὰ Κασιλῖνον, πόλιν διέχουσαν Καπύης ἐννεακαίδεκα σταδίους.
The most well-known of the roads are the Appian, the Latin, and the Valerian; the first defining the parts of Latium toward the sea as far as Sinuessa, the second the parts near Sabina as far as the Marsi, and the Latin being between them, which joins the Appian near Casilinum, a city nineteen stadia distant from Capua.
ἄρχεται δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀππίας, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς ἐκτρεπομένη πλησίον Ῥώμης, εἶτα διὰ τοῦ Τουσκλανοῦ ὄρους ὑπερβᾶσα μεταξὺ Τούσκλου πόλεως καὶ τοῦ Ἀλβανοῦ ὄρους κάτεισιν ἐπὶ Ἄλγιδον πολίχνιον καὶ Πικτὰς πανδοχεῖα.
It begins from the Appian, branching off from it to the left near Rome, then after crossing the Tusculan hill between the city of Tusculum and the Alban mount, it goes down to the small town of Algidus and the inn of Pictae.
εἶτα συμπίπτει καὶ ἡ Λαβικανή, ἀρχομένη μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἠσκυλίνης πύλης ἀφʼ ἧς καὶ ἡ Πραινεστίνη, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δʼ ἀφεῖσα καὶ ταύτην καὶ τὸ πεδίον τὸ Ἠσκυλῖνον πρόεισιν ἐπὶ πλείους τῶν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι σταδίων, καὶ πλησιάσασα τῷ Λαβικῷ παλαιῷ κτίσματι κατεσπασμένῳ, κειμένῳ δʼ ἐφʼ ὕψους, τοῦτο μὲν καὶ τὸ Τούσκουλον ἐν δεξιοῖς ἀπολείπει, τελευτᾷ δὲ πρὸς τὰς Πικτὰς καὶ τὴν Λατίνην· διέχει δὲ τῆς Ῥώμης τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο διακοσίους καὶ δέκα σταδίους.
Then the Labican also joins it, which begins from the Esquiline gate (from which also the Praenestine begins), and leaving both this and the Esquiline plain on the left, it proceeds for more than one hundred and twenty stadia, and approaching the ancient settlement of Labicum, which is in ruins and situated on a height, it leaves this and Tusculum on the right, and ends at Pictae and the Latin road; and this place is distant from Rome two hundred and ten stadia.
εἶθʼ ἑξῆς μὲν ἐπʼ αὐτῆς τῆς Λατίνης εἰσὶν ἐπίσημοι κατοικίαι καὶ πόλεις Φερεντῖνον, Φρουσινών, παρʼ ἣν ὁ Κόσας ῥεῖ ποταμός, Φαβρατερία, παρʼ ἣν ὁ Τρῆρος ῥεῖ, Ἀκουῖνον μεγάλη πόλις, παρʼ ἣν ὁ Μέλπις ῥεῖ ποταμὸς μέγας, Ἰντεράμνιον ἐν συμβολῇ δυεῖν ποταμῶν κείμενον Λείριός τε καὶ ἑτέρου, Κασῖνον καὶ αὕτη πόλις ἀξιόλογος, ὑστάτη τῶν Λατίνων· τὸ γὰρ Τέανον τὸ καλούμενον Σιδικῖνον ἐφεξῆς κείμενον ἐκ τοῦ ἐπιθέτου δηλοῦται διότι τῶν Σιδικίνων ἐστίν.
Next, in order upon the Latin road itself, there are notable settlements and cities: Ferentinum, Frusino, past which flows the river Cosas, Fabrateria, past which flows the Trerus, Aquinum, a great city, past which flows the great river Melpis, Interamnium, situated at the confluence of two rivers, the Liris and another, and Casinum, this too a noteworthy city, the last of the Latins; for Teanum, called Sidicinum, which lies next, is shown by its epithet to belong to the Sidicini.
οὗτοι δὲ Ὄσκοι, Καμπανῶν ἔθνος ἐκλελοιπός, ὥστε λέγοιτʼ ἂν τῆς Καμπανίας καὶ αὕτη, μεγίστη οὖσα τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ Λατίνῃ πόλεων.
These are Oscans, an extinct tribe of the Campanians, so that this too might be said to belong to Campania, being the largest of the cities on the Latin road.
καὶ ἡ ἐφεξῆς ἡ τῶν Καληνῶν καὶ αὕτη ἀξιόλογος, συνάπτουσα τῷ Κασιλίνῳ.
And the next, that of the Caleni, is also noteworthy, joining Casilinum.
§5.3.10Ἐφʼ ἑκάτερα δὲ τῆς Λατίνης ἐν δεξιᾷ μέν εἰσιν αἱ μεταξὺ αὐτῆς καὶ τῆς Ἀππίας Σητία τε καὶ Σιγνία, φέρουσαι οἶνον ἡ μὲν τῶν πολυτελῶν ἕνα ἡ δὲ τὸν σταλτικώτατον κοιλίας τὸν Σιγνῖνον λεγόμενον.
On either side of the Latin road, on the right, are those between it and the Appian, Setia and Signia, which produce wine, the former one of the expensive kinds, and the latter the kind called Signine, which is most astringent for the stomach.
πρὸς δὲ ταύταις ἐστὶ Πρίβερνον καὶ Κόρα καὶ Σύεσσα * Τραπόντιόν τε καὶ Ὀυελίτραι καὶ Ἀλέτριον· ἔτι δὲ Φρεγέλλαι, παρʼ ἣν ὁ Λεῖρις ῥεῖ ὁ εἰς τὰς Μιντούρνας ἐκδιδούς, νῦν μὲν κώμη, πόλις δέ ποτε γεγονυῖα ἀξιόλογος καὶ τὰς πολλὰς τῶν ἄρτι λεχθεισῶν περιοικίδας πρότερον ἐσχηκυῖα, αἳ νῦν εἰς αὐτὴν συνέρχονται ἀγοράς τε ποιούμεναι καὶ ἱεροποιίας τινάς· κατεσκάφη δʼ ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἀποστᾶσα.
In addition to these are Privernum, Cora, Suessa, Trapontium, Velitrae, and Aletrium; and also Fregellae, past which flows the Liris, which empties into Minturnae—now indeed a village, but once having been a noteworthy city, and formerly having held most of the newly mentioned places as neighboring dependencies, which now assemble in it to hold markets and perform certain sacred rites; but it was destroyed by the Romans because it revolted.
πλεῖσται δʼ εἰσὶ καὶ τούτων καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ Λατίνῃ καὶ τῶν ἐπέκεινα ἐν τῇ Ἑρνίκων τε καὶ Αἴκων καὶ Ὀυόλσκων ἱδρυμέναι, Ῥωμαίων δʼ εἰσὶ κτίσματα.
Most of these, both of those on the Latin road and of those beyond it situated in the territory of the Hernici, Aequi, and Volsci, are foundations of the Romans.
ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ τῆς Λατίνης αἱ μεταξὺ αὐτῆς καὶ τῆς Ὀυαλερίας, Γάβιοι μὲν ἐν τῇ Πραινεστίνῃ ὁ δῷ κειμένη, λατόμιον ἔχουσα ὑπουργὸν τῇ Ῥώμῃ μάλιστα τῶν ἄλλων, διέχουσα τὸ ἴσον τῆς Ῥώμης τε καὶ Πραινεστοῦ, περὶ ἑκατὸν σταδίους· εἶθʼ ἡ Πραινεστός, περὶ ἧς αὐτίκα ἐροῦμεν· εἶθʼ αἱ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι τοῖς ὑπὲρ Πραινεστόν, ἥ τε τῶν Ἑρνίκων πολίχνη Καπίτουλον καὶ Ἀναγνία πόλις ἀξιόλογος, καὶ Κερεᾶτε καὶ Σῶρα, παρʼ ἣν ὁ Λεῖρις παρεξιὼν εἰς Φρεγέλλας ῥεῖ καὶ Μιντούρνας.
On the left of the Latin road are those between it and the Valerian: Gabii, situated on the Praenestine road, having a quarry that serves Rome more than any other, distant an equal space from both Rome and Praeneste, about one hundred stadia; then Praeneste, of which we shall speak immediately; then those in the mountains above Praeneste, namely the small town of the Hernici, Capitulum, and the noteworthy city Anagnia, and Cereate, and Sora, past which the Liris flows on its way to Fregellae and Minturnae.
ἔπειτα ἄλλα τινὰ καὶ Ὀυέναφρον, ὅθεν τὸ κάλλιστον ἔλαιον· ἡ μὲν οὖν πόλις ἐφʼ ὕψους κεῖται, παραρρεῖ δὲ τὴν τοῦ λόφου ῥίζαν ὁ Ὀυουλτοῦρνος, ὃς καὶ παρὰ τὸ Κασιλῖνον ἐνεχθεὶς ἐκδίδωσι κατὰ τὴν ὁμώνυμον αὐτῷ πόλιν.
Then certain other places and Venafrum, from where comes the finest olive oil; the city indeed lies on a height, and past the foot of the hill flows the Volturnus, which, after being carried also past Casilinum, empties at the city of the same name.
Αἰσερνία δὲ καὶ Ἀλλιφαὶ ἤδη Σαυνιτικαὶ πόλεις εἰσίν, ἡ μὲν ἀνῃρημένη κατὰ τὸν Μαρσικὸν πόλεμον ἡ δʼ ἔτι συμμένουσα.
Aesernia and Allifae are already Samnite cities, the former having been destroyed during the Marsic war, while the latter still remains.