§3.4.10̔η μὲν δὴ παραλία πᾶσα ἡ ἀπὸ στηλῶν μέχρι τῆς μεθορίας τῆς Ἰβήρων καὶ Κελτῶν τοιαύτη.
The whole coastline from the Pillars as far as the boundary between the Iberians and the Celts is indeed of this character.
ἡ δʼ ὑπερκειμένη μεσόγαια (λέγω δὲ τὴν ἐντὸς τῶν τε Πυρηναίων ὀρῶν καὶ τῆς προσαρκτίου πλευρᾶς μέχρι Ἀστύρων) δυεῖν μάλιστα ὄρεσι διορίζεται.
But the inland country situated above it (by which I mean the region within the Pyrenean mountains and the northern side as far as the Astures) is divided chiefly by two mountain ranges.
τούτων δὲ τὸ μὲν παράλληλόν ἐστι τῇ Πυρήνῃ, τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀπὸ τῶν Καντάβρων ἔχον, τελευτὴν δʼ ἐπὶ τὴν καθʼ ἡμᾶς θάλατταν· καλοῦσι δὲ τοῦτο Ἰδουβέδαν·
Of these, one is parallel to the Pyrenees, having its beginning from the Cantabrians, and its end at our sea; and they call this Idubeda.
ἕτερον δʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ μέσου διῆκον ἐπὶ τὴν δύσιν, ἐκκλῖνον δὲ πρὸς νότον καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ στηλῶν παραλίαν· ὃ κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν γεώλοφόν ἐστι καὶ ψιλόν, διέξεισι δὲ τὸ καλούμενον Σπαρτάριον πεδίον, εἶτα συνάπτει τῷ δρυμῷ τῷ ὑπερκειμένῳ τῆς τε Καρχηδονίας καὶ τῶν περὶ τὴν Μάλακαν τόπων· καλεῖται δὲ Ὀροσπέδα.
The other range extends from the middle of this to the west, but inclines toward the south and the coast from the Pillars; this is at first hilly and bare, and passes through what is called the Spartarian Plain, and then joins the forest land situated above both the territory of Carthage and the places about Malaca; and it is called Orospeda.
μεταξὺ μὲν δὴ τῆς Πυρήνης καὶ τῆς Ἰδουβέδας ὁ Ἴβηρ ῥεῖ ποταμός, παράλληλος τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἀμφοτέροις, πληρούμενος ἐκ τῶν ἐντεῦθεν καταφερομένων ποταμῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὑδάτων.
Now between the Pyrenees and Idubeda flows the river Hebrus, parallel to both mountain ranges, being filled from the rivers that flow down from them and from other waters.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ Ἴβηρι πόλις ἐστὶ Καισαραυγοῦστα καλουμένη καὶ Κέλσα κατοικία τις ἔχουσα γεφύρας λιθίνης διάβασιν.
And on the Hebrus is the city called Caesaraugusta, and Celsa, a settlement having a crossing by a stone bridge.
συνοικεῖται δὲ ὑπὸ πλειόνων ἐθνῶν ἡ χώρα, γνωριμωτάτου δὲ τοῦ τῶν Ἰακκητανῶν λεγομένου.
The country is inhabited by several tribes, the most famous of which is that called the Iaccetani.
τοῦτο δʼ ἀρξάμενον ἀπὸ τῆς παρωρείας τῆς κατὰ τὴν Πυρήνην εἰς τὰ πεδία πλατύνεται καὶ συνάπτει τοῖς περὶ Ἰλέρδαν καὶ Ὄσκαν χωρίοις, τοῖς τῶν Ἰλεργετῶν οὐ πολὺ ἄπωθεν τοῦ Ἴβηρος.
This, beginning from the foothills along the Pyrenees, widens into the plains and joins the places about Ilerda and Osca, which belong to the Ilergetes, not far from the Hebrus.
ἐν δὲ ταῖς πόλεσι ταύταις ἐπολέμει τὸ τελευταῖον Σερτώριος καὶ ἐν Καλαγούρι Ὀυασκώνων πόλει καὶ τῆς παραλίας ἐν Ταρράκωνι καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἡμεροσκοπείῳ μετὰ τὴν ἐκ Κελτιβήρων ἔκπτωσιν, ἐτελεύτα δʼ ἐν Ὄσκᾳ.
It was in these cities that Sertorius fought his last wars, and in Calagurris, a city of the Vascones, and on the coast in Tarraco and in Hemeroscopeium after his expulsion from the Celtiberians, and he ended his life in Osca.
κἀν Ἰλέρδᾳ ὕστερον Ἀφράνιος καὶ Πετρήιος οἱ τοῦ Πομπηίου στρατηγοὶ κατεπολεμήθησαν ὑπὸ Καίσαρος τοῦ θεοῦ.
And in Ilerda, later, Afranius and Petreius, the generals of Pompey, were defeated by the deified Caesar.
διέχει δὲ ἡ Ἰλέρδα τοῦ μὲν Ἴβηρος ὡς ἐπὶ δύσιν ἰόντι σταδίους ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα, Ταρράκωνος δὲ πρὸς νότον περὶ τετρακοσίους ἑξήκοντα, πρὸς ἄρκτον δὲ Ὄσκας πεντακοσίους τετταράκοντα.
Ilerda is distant from the Hebrus, for one going westward, one hundred and sixty stadia; from Tarraco toward the south about four hundred and sixty; and toward the north from Osca five hundred and forty.
διὰ τούτων δὲ τῶν μερῶν ἡ ἐκ Ταρράκωνος ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐσχάτους ἐπὶ τῷ ὠκεανῷ Ὀυάσκωνας τοὺς κατὰ Πομπέλωνα καὶ τὴν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τῷ ὠκεανῷ Οἰασῶνα πόλιν ὁδός ἐστι σταδίων δισχιλίων τετρακοσίων πρὸς αὐτὰ τὰ τῆς Ἀκυιτανίας ὅρια καὶ τῆς Ἰβηρίας.
Through these parts runs the road from Tarraco to the farthest Vascones on the ocean, those near Pompelon, and to Oeaso, a city on the ocean itself, being two thousand four hundred stadia to the very boundaries of Aquitania and Iberia.
Ἰακκητανοὶ δʼ εἰσὶν ἐν οἷς τότε μὲν Σερτώριος ἐπολέμει πρὸς Πομπήιον, ὕστερον δʼ ὁ τοῦ Πομπηίου υἱὸς Σέξτος πρὸς τοὺς Καίσαρος στρατηγούς.
The Iaccetani are those among whom Sertorius then fought against Pompey, and later Pompey's son Sextus against the generals of Caesar.
ὑπέρκειται δὲ τῆς Ἰακκητανίας πρὸς ἄρκτον τὸ τῶν Ὀυασκώνων ἔθνος, ἐν ᾧ πόλις Πομπέλων ὡς ἂν Πομπηιόπολις.
Above Iaccetania toward the north lies the tribe of the Vascones, in which is the city Pompelon, as it were Pompeiopolis.
§3.4.11αὐτῆς δὲ τῆς Πυρήνης τὸ μὲν Ἰβηρικὸν πλευρὸν εὔδενδρόν ἐστι παντοδαπῆς ὕλης καὶ τῆς ἀειθαλοῦς, τὸ δὲ Κελτικὸν ψιλόν, τὰ δὲ μέσα περιέχει καλῶς οἰκεῖσθαι δυναμένους αὐλῶνας.
As for the Pyrenees themselves, the Iberian side is well-wooded with all kinds of timber and evergreen trees, but the Celtic side is bare, while the middle parts contain valleys that are capable of being well inhabited.
ἔχουσι δʼ αὐτοὺς Κερρητανοὶ τὸ πλέον τοῦ Ἰβηρικοῦ φύλου, παρʼ οἷς πέρναι διάφοροι συντίθενται ταῖς Κανταβρικαῖς ἐνάμιλλοι, πρόσοδον οὐ μικρὰν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις παρέχουσαι.
These are held for the most part by the Cerretani, a tribe of Iberian stock, among whom excellent hams are cured, rivaling those of the Cantabrians, and yielding no small revenue to the people.
§3.4.12̔υπερβαλόντι δὲ τὴν Ἰδουβέδαν ἡ Κελτιβηρία παραχρῆμα πολλὴ καὶ ἀνώμαλος, τὸ μέν πλέον αὐτῆς ἐστὶ τραχὺ καὶ ποταμόκλυστον· διὰ γὰρ τούτων ὅ τε Ἄνας φέρεται καὶ ὁ Τάγος καὶ οἱ ἐφεξῆς ποταμοὶ οἱ πλείους οἱ ἐπὶ τὴν ἑσπερίαν θάλατταν καταφερόμενοι, τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχοντες ἐκ τῆς ιβηρίας·
For one who has crossed Idubeda, Celtiberia is immediately vast and uneven, most of it being rugged and river-washed; for through these parts flow the Anas, the Tagus, and most of the succeeding rivers that run down to the western sea, having their sources in Iberia.
ὧν ὁ Δούριος φέρεται παρὰ τὴν Νομαντίαν καὶ τὴν Σεργουντίαν, ὁ δὲ Βαῖτις ἐκ τῆς Ὀροσπέδας τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχων διὰ τῆς Ὠρητανίας εἰς τὴν Βαιτικὴν ῥεῖ.
Of these, the Durius flows past Numantia and Serguntia, while the Baetis, having its sources in Orospeda, flows through Oretania into Baetica.
οἰκοῦσι δʼ ἐκ μὲν τῶν πρὸς ἄρκτον μερῶν τοῖς Κελτίβηρσι Βήρωνες Καντάβροις ὅμοροι τοῖς Κονίσκοις, καὶ αὐτοὶ τοῦ Κελτικοῦ στόλου γεγονότες, ὧν ἐστι πόλις Ὀυαρία κατὰ τὴν τοῦ Ἴβηρος διάβασιν κειμένη· συνεχεῖς δʼ εἰσὶ καὶ Βαρδυήταις, οὓς οἱ νῦν Βαρδούλους καλοῦσιν·
On the north, neighboring the Celtiberians, live the Berones, who border on the Cantabrian Conisci and themselves belong to the Celtic migration; their city is Varia, situated at the crossing of the Hebrus; and they are contiguous also to the Bardyetae, whom the people of today call Bardyli.
ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἑσπερίου τῶν τε Ἀστύρων τινὲς καὶ τῶν Καλλαϊκῶν καὶ Ὀυακκαίων, ἔτι δὲ Ὀυεττώνων καὶ Καρπητανῶν·
On the west live some of the Astures, the Callaici, and the Vaccaei, and also the Vettones and Carpetani.
ἐκ δὲ τῶν νοτίων Ὠρητανοί τε καὶ ὅσοι ἄλλοι τὴν Ὀροσπέδαν οἰκοῦσι Βαστητανῶν τε καὶ Ἐδητανῶν·
On the south are the Oretani and all the others of the Bastetani and Edetani who inhabit Orospeda.
πρὸς ἕω δὲ Ἰδουβέδα.
On the east is Idubeda.