§3.2.9ποσειδώνιος δὲ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μετάλλων ἐπαινῶν καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν οὐκ ἀπέχεται τῆς συνήθους ῥητορείας, ἀλλὰ συνενθουσιᾷ ταῖς ὑπερβολαῖς· οὐ γὰρ ἀπιστεῖν τῷ μύθῳ φησὶν ὅτι τῶν δρυμῶν ποτε ἐμπρησθέντων ἡ γῆ τακεῖσα, ἅτε ἀργυρῖτις καὶ χρυσῖτις, εἰς τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ἐξέζεσε διὰ τὸ πᾶν ὄρος καὶ πάντα βουνὸν ὕλην εἶναι νομίσματος ὑπό τινος ἀφθόνου τύχης σεσωρευμένην.
Posidonius, in praising the abundance and excellence of the mines, does not refrain from his usual rhetoric, but joins in the enthusiasm with exaggerations; for he says he does not disbelieve the myth that when the forests once caught fire, the earth, being rich in silver and gold, melted and boiled up to the surface, because every mountain and every hill was money's raw material (wood), piled up by some abundant fortune.
καθόλου δʼ ἂν εἶπε (φησίν) ἰδών τις τοὺς τόπους θησαυροὺς εἶναι φύσεως ἀενάους ἢ ταμιεῖον ἡγεμονίας ἀνέκλειπτον· οὐ γὰρ πλουσία μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπόπλουτος ἦν (φησίν) ἡ χώρα, καὶ παρʼ ἐκείνοις ὡς ἀληθῶς τὸν ὑποχθόνιον τόπον οὐχ ὁ Ἅιδης ἀλλʼ ὁ Πλούτων κατοικεῖ.
In general, he says, anyone seeing these places would say that they are everlasting treasuries of nature or an inexhaustible storehouse of empire; for the country was (he says) not only rich but also rich underneath, and among them, in truth, it is not Hades but Pluto who inhabits the underworld.
τοιαῦτα μὲν οὖν ἐν ὡραίῳ σχήματι εἴρηκε περὶ τούτων, ὡς ἂν ἐκ μετάλλου καὶ αὐτὸς πολλῷ χρώμενος τῷ λόγῳ.
Such things indeed he has said about them in a beautiful style, as if he himself were using much language drawn from a mine.
τὴν δʼ ἐπιμέλειαν φράζων τὴν τῶν μεταλλευόντων παρατίθησι τὸ τοῦ Φαληρέως, ὅτι φησὶν ἐκεῖνος ἐπὶ τῶν Ἀττικῶν ἀργυρείων, οὕτω συντόνως ὀρύττειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ὡς ἂν προσδοκώντων αὐτὸν ἀνάξειν τὸν Πλούτωνα· καὶ τούτων οὖν ἐμφανίζει παραπλησίαν τὴν σπουδὴν καὶ τὴν φιλεργίαν, σκολιὰς τεμνόντων καὶ βαθείας τὰς σύριγγας καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἐν αὐταῖς ἀπαντῶντας ποταμοὺς πολλάκις τοῖς Αἰγυπτίοις ἀναντλούντων κοχλίαις.
And in describing the diligence of the miners, he quotes the saying of Demetrius of Phalerum, because that man says, regarding the Attic silver mines, that the people dig so intensely as if they expected to bring up Pluto himself; and so he shows that the zeal and industry of these people (the Iberians) is very similar, as they cut crooked and deep shafts, and often pump out the rivers that meet them in them with Egyptian screws.
* τὸν δόλον οὐ ταὐτὸν εἶναι τούτοις τε καὶ τοῖς Ἀττικοῖς, ἀλλʼ ἐκείνοις μὲν αἰνίγματι ἐοικέναι τὴν μεταλλείαν· ὅσα μὲν γὰρ ἀνέλαβον (φησίν) οὐκ ἔλαβον, ὅσα δὲ εἶχον, ἀπέβαλον· τούτοις δʼ ὑπεράγαν λυσιτελεῖν, τοῖς μὲν χαλκουργοῖς τέταρτον μέρος ἐξάγουσι τῆς γῆς τὸν χαλκόν, τῶν δὲ ἀργυρευόντων τισὶν ἰδιωτῶν ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις Εὐβοϊκὸν τάλαντον ἐξαίρουσι.
He says that the reward is not the same for these people as for the Attic miners, but for the latter, mining was like a riddle: "what they took up (attempted to get)," he says, "they did not get, and what they had, they lost"; whereas for these people it is exceedingly profitable, since the copper miners extract copper as a fourth part of the earth, and some of those mining silver, though private individuals, bring up an Euboean talent in three days.
τὸν δὲ καττίτερον οὐκ ἐπιπολῆς εὑρίσκεσθαί φησιν, ὡς τοὺς ἱστορικοὺς θρυλεῖν, ἀλλʼ ὀρύττεσθαι· γεννᾶσθαι δʼ ἔν τε τοῖς ὑπὲρ τοὺς Λυσιτανοὺς βαρβάροις καὶ ἐν ταῖς Καττιτερίσι νήσοις, καὶ ἐκ τῶν Βρεττανικῶν δὲ εἰς τὴν Μασσαλίαν κομίζεσθαι.
And he says that tin is not found on the surface, as the historians talk of, but is mined; and that it is produced both among the barbarians above the Lusitanians and in the Cassiterides Islands, and is carried from the British Islands to Massalia.
ἐν δὲ τοῖς Ἀρτάβροις, οἳ τῆς Λυσιτανίας ὕστατοι πρὸς ἄρκτον καὶ δύσιν εἰσίν, ἐξανθεῖν φησιν τὴν γῆν ἀργύρῳ, καττιτέρῳ, χρυσῷ λευκῷ (ἀργυρομιγὴς γάρ ἐστι), τὴν δὲ γῆν ταύτην φέρειν τοὺς ποταμούς· τὴν δὲ σκαλίσι τὰς γυναῖκας διαμώσας πλύνειν ἐν ἠθητηρίοις πλεκτοῖς εἰς κίστην.
And among the Artabri, who are the last of the Lusitanians towards the north and west, he says the earth effloresces with silver, tin, and white gold (for it is mixed with silver), and the rivers bring down this earth; and the women scrape it up with shovels and wash it in woven sieves into a chest.
οὗτος μὲν περὶ τῶν μετάλλων τοιαῦτʼ εἴρηκε.
This is what he has said about the mines.
§3.2.10πολύβιος δὲ τῶν περὶ Καρχηδόνα νέαν ἀργυρείων μνησθεὶς μέγιστα μὲν εἶναί φησι, διέχειν δὲ τῆς πόλεως ὅσον εἴκοσι σταδίους, περιειληφότα κύκλον τετρακοσίων σταδίων, ὅπου τέτταρας μυριάδας ἀνθρώπων μένειν τῶν ἐργαζομένων, ἀναφέροντας τότε τῷ δήμῳ τῶν Ῥωμαίων καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν δισμυρίας καὶ πεντακισχιλίας δραχμάς.
Polybius, mentioning the silver mines around New Carthage, says they are very large, and are about twenty stadia distant from the city, embracing a circuit of four hundred stadia, where forty thousand men of those working there resided, bringing in at that time to the Roman people twenty-five thousand drachmae each day.
τὴν δὲ κατεργασίαν τὴν μὲν ἄλλην ἐῶ (μακρὰ γάρ ἐστι), τὴν δὲ συρτὴν βῶλον τὴν ἀργυρῖτίν φησι κόπτεσθαι καὶ κοσκίνοις εἰς ὕδωρ διαττᾶσθαι· κόπτεσθαι δὲ πάλιν τὰς ὑποστάσεις, καὶ πάλιν διηθουμένας ἀποχεομένων τῶν ὑδάτων κόπτεσθαι· τὴν δὲ πέμπτην ὑπόστασιν χωνευθεῖσαν, ἀποχυθέντος τοῦ μολίβδου, καθαρὸν τὸν ἄργυρον ἐξάγειν.
As for the processing, I omit the rest (for it is long), but he says that the washed silver-bearing ore is crushed and sifted through sieves into water; and that the sediments are crushed again, and, being filtered again while the water is poured off, are crushed; and that the fifth sediment is smelted, and after the lead has flowed off, they extract the pure silver.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ νῦν τὰ ἀργυρεῖα, οὐ μέντοι δημόσια οὔτε ἐνταῦθα οὔτε ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις τόποις, ἀλλʼ εἰς ἰδιωτικὰς μεθέστηκε κτήσεις· τὰ δὲ χρυσεῖα δημοσιεύεται τὰ πλείω.
The silver mines exist even now, though they are not public property either there or in other places, but have passed into private ownership; but most of the gold mines are public property.
ἐν δὲ καὶ Καστλῶνι καὶ ἄλλοις τόποις ἴδιόν ἐστι μέταλλον ὀρυκτοῦ μολίβδου· παραμέμικται δέ τι καὶ τούτῳ τοῦ ἀργύρου μικρόν, οὐχ ὥστε λυσιτελεῖν ἀποκαθαίρειν αὐτόν.
Both in Castulo and in other places there is a unique mine of dug lead; but some small amount of silver is also mixed with this, though not so as to make it profitable to refine it.