§3.2.11οὐ πολὺ δʼ ἄπωθεν τοῦ Καστλῶνος ἔστι καὶ τὸ ὄρος ἐξ οὗ ῥεῖν φασι τὸν Βαῖτιν, ὃ καλοῦσιν Ἀργυροῦν διὰ τὰ ἀργυρεῖα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ.
Not far from Castulo is also the mountain from which they say the Baetis flows, which they call Silver Mountain because of the silver mines in it.
Πολύβιος δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἄναν καὶ τοῦτον ἐκ τῆς Κελτιβηρίας ῥεῖν φησι, διέχοντας ἀλλήλων ὅσον ἐνακοσίους σταδίους· αὐξηθέντες γὰρ οἱ Κελτίβηρες ἐποίησαν καὶ τὴν πλησιόχωρον πᾶσαν ὁμώνυμον ἑαυτοῖς.
Polybius says that both the Anas and this river flow from Celtiberia, being about nine hundred stadia distant from one another; for the Celtiberians, having grown in power, made all the neighboring country homonymous with themselves.
ἐοίκασι δʼ οἱ παλαιοὶ καλεῖν τὸν Βαῖτιν Ταρτησσόν, τὰ δὲ Γάδειρα καὶ τὰς πρὸς αὐτὴν νήσους Ἐρύθειαν· διόπερ οὕτως εἰπεῖν ὑπολαμβάνουσι Στησίχορον περὶ τοῦ Γηρυόνος βουκόλου διότι γεννηθείη
σχεδὸν ἀντιπέρας κλεινᾶς Ἐρυθείας Ταρτησσοῦ ποταμοῦ παρὰ παγὰς ἀπείρονας ἀργυρορίζους, ἐν κευθμῶνι πέτρας. δυεῖν δὲ οὐσῶν ἐκβολῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ πόλιν ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ χώρῳ κατοικεῖσθαι πρότερον φασίν, ἣν καλεῖσθαι Ταρτησσὸν ὁμώνυμον τῷ ποταμῷ, καὶ τὴν χώραν Ταρτησσίδα, ἣν νῦν Τουρδοῦλοι νέμονται.
The ancients seem to have called the Baetis Tartessos, and Gadeira and the islands near it Erytheia; wherefore they understand Stesichorus to have spoken thus concerning the herdsman of Geryon, that he was born "almost opposite famous Erytheia, near the infinite silver-rooted springs of the river Tartessos, in a cavern of a rock." Since there are two mouths of the river, they say that a city was formerly inhabited in the intervening space, which was called Tartessos, homonymous with the river, and the country Tartessis, which the Turduli now inhabit.
καὶ Ἐρατοσθένης δὲ τὴν συνεχῆ τῇ Κάλπῃ Ταρτησσίδα καλεῖσθαί φησι καὶ Ἐρύθειαν νῆσον εὐδαίμονα.
Eratosthenes also says that the country adjacent to Calpe was called Tartessis, and Erytheia a fortunate island.
πρὸς ὃν Ἀρτεμίδωρος ἀντιλέγων καὶ ταῦτα ψευδῶς λέγεσθαί φησιν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ καθάπερ καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ Γαδείρων ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ἀκρωτήριον διάστημα ἀπέχειν ἡμερῶν πέντε πλοῦν, οὐ πλειόνων ὄντων ἢ χιλίων καὶ ἑπτακοσίων σταδίων, καὶ τὸ τὰς ἀμπώτεις μέχρι δεῦρο περατοῦσθαι ἀντὶ τοῦ κύκλῳ περὶ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην συμβαίνειν, καὶ τὸ τὰ προσαρκτικὰ μέρη τῆς Ἰβηρίας εὐπαροδώτερα εἶναι πρὸς τὴν Κελτικὴν ἢ κατὰ τὸν ὠκεανὸν πλέουσι, καὶ ὅσα δὴ ἄλλα εἴρηκε Πυθέᾳ πιστεύσας.
In opposition to him, Artemidorus says that these things also are falsely stated by him, just like his statement that the distance from Gadeira to the Sacred Promontory is a five days' voyage, though it is not more than one thousand seven hundred stadia; and that the tides terminate here, instead of occurring in a circle around the whole inhabited world; and that the northern parts of Iberia are easier of passage to the Celtic land than for those sailing by the ocean; and whatever else he has said, putting trust in Pytheas.
§3.2.12̔ο δὲ ποιητὴς πολύφωνός τις ὢν καὶ πολυίστωρ δίδωσιν ἀφορμὰς ὡς οὐδὲ τούτων ἀνήκοός ἐστι τῶν τόπων, εἴ τις ὀρθῶς συλλογίζεσθαι βούλοιτο ἀπʼ ἀμφοῖν, τῶν τε χεῖρον λεγομένων περὶ αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ἄμεινον καὶ ἀληθέστερον.
But the poet, being of many voices and of great knowledge, gives starting-points to show that he is not without hearing of these places either, if one would rightly collect from both, both the worse statements about them and the better and truer ones.
χεῖρον μέν, ὅτι πρὸς δύσιν ἐσχάτη ἤκουεν αὕτη, ὅπου, καθάπερ αὐτός φησιν, εἰς τὸν ὠκεανὸν ἐμπίπτει
λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο, ἕλκον νύκτα μέλαιναν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν. ἡ δὲ νὺξ ὅτι δύσφημον καὶ τῷ Ἅιδῃ πλησιάζον, ὁ δὲ Ἅιδης τῷ Ταρτάρῳ, εἰκάζοι ἄν τις ἀκούοντα περὶ Ταρτησσοῦ τὸν Τάρταρον ἐκεῖθεν παρονομάσαι τὸν ἔσχατον τῶν ὑποχθονίων τόπων, προσθεῖναι δὲ καὶ μῦθον τὸ ποιητικὸν σώζοντα.
The worse indeed, because this country was heard of as being in the far west, where, as he himself says, "the bright light of the sun falls into the ocean, drawing black night over the grain-giving earth." And since night is of ill omen and close to Hades, and Hades to Tartarus, one might conjecture that, hearing about Tartessos, he from that name called the lowest of the subterranean places Tartarus, adding also a myth that preserves the poetic character.
καθάπερ καὶ τοὺς Κιμμερίους εἰδὼς ἐν βορείοις καὶ ζοφεροῖς οἰκήσαντας τόποις τοῖς κατὰ τὸν Βόσπορον ἵδρυσεν αὐτοὺς πρὸς τῷ Ἅιδῃ, τάχα καὶ κατά τι κοινὸν τῶν Ἰώνων ἔχθος πρὸς τὸ φῦλον τοῦτο· καὶ γὰρ καθʼ Ὅμηρον ἢ μικρὸν πρὸ αὐτοῦ λέγουσι τὴν τῶν Κιμμερίων ἔφοδον γενέσθαι τὴν μέχρι τῆς Αἰολίδος καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίας.
Just as, knowing that the Cimmerians dwelt in northern and gloomy regions about the Bosporus, he placed them near Hades, perhaps also owing to some common hatred of the Ionians towards this tribe; for they say that in the time of Homer, or a little before him, the invasion of the Cimmerians occurred, reaching as far as Aeolis and Ionia.
ταῖς δὲ Κυανέαις ἐποίησε παραπλησίως τὰς Πλαγκτάς, ἀεὶ τοὺς μύθους ἀπό τινων ἱστοριῶν ἐνάγων.
And he made the Planctae in a similar way to the Cyaneae, always bringing in his myths from some historical facts.
χαλεπὰς γάρ τινας μυθεύει πέτρας, καθάπερ τὰς Κυανέας φασίν, ἐξ οὗ καὶ Συμπληγάδες καλοῦνται· διόπερ καὶ τὸν Ἰάσονος παρέθηκε διʼ αὐτῶν πλοῦν· καὶ ὁ κατὰ τὰς στήλας δὲ πορθμὸς καὶ ὁ κατὰ Σικελίαν ὑπηγόρευον αὐτῷ τὸν περὶ τῶν Πλαγκτῶν μῦθον.
For he mythologizes certain dangerous rocks, as they say of the Cyaneae, whence they are also called Symplegades; wherefore he also introduced the voyage of Jason through them; and the strait at the Pillars and that at Sicily suggested to him the myth concerning the Planctae.
πρὸς μὲν δὴ τὸ χεῖρον ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Ταρτάρου μυθοποιίας αἰνίττοιτό τις ἂν τὴν τῶν τόπων μνήμην τῶν περὶ Ταρτησσόν.
With respect to the worse, then, from the myth-making of Tartarus, one might hint at the memory of the places around Tartessos.