§2.3.5Ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν
φησί
μέχρι τῆς περὶ τὸν Εὔδοξον ἱστορίας ἥκω· τί δʼ ὕστερον συνέβη τοὺς ἐκ Γαδείρων καὶ τῆς Ἰβηρίας εἰκὸς εἰδέναι. ἐκ πάντων δὴ τούτων φησὶ δείκνυσθαι διότι ἡ οἰκουμένη κύκλῳ περιρρεῖται τῷ ὠκεανῷ· οὐ γάρ μιν δεσμὸς περιβάλλεται ἠπείροιο, ἀλλʼ ἐς ἀπειρεσίην κέχυται· τό μιν οὔτι μιαίνει.
"Now, as for me," says he (Posidonius), "I have come as far as the story about Eudoxus; but what happened later is natural for those from Gadeira and Iberia to know." And from all these things, he says, it is demonstrated that the inhabited world is surrounded in a circle by the Ocean; "For no bond of a continent encloses it, but it is poured out into infinity; and nothing defiles it." Posidonius is indeed remarkable in every way, since he regarded the circumnavigation of the magus, which Heraclides mentioned, as without witness, and also that of those sent by Darius, which Herodotus relates, but places this Bergaean narrative in the category of things to be believed, whether it was fabricated by himself or believed when fabricated by others.
θαυμαστὸς δὴ κατὰ πάντα ἐστὶν ὁ Ποσειδώνιος, τὸν μὲν τοῦ μάγου περίπλουν, ὃν Ἡρακλείδης εἶπεν, ἀμάρτυρον νομίσας, καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν ὑπὸ Δαρείου πεμφθέντων, ὃν Ἡρόδοτος ἱστορεῖ, τὸ δὲ Βεργαῖον διήγημα τοῦτο ἐν πίστεως μέρει τιθείς, εἴθʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ πεπλασμένον εἴτʼ ἄλλων πλασάντων πιστευθέν. τίς γὰρ ἡ πιθανότης πρῶτον μὲν τῆς κατὰ τὸν Ἰνδὸν περιπετείας;
For what, in the first place, is the probability of the adventure concerning the Indian?
ὁ γὰρ Ἀράβιος κόλπος ποταμοῦ δίκην στενός ἐστι καὶ μακρὸς ἐπὶ μυρίοις που σταδίους μέχρι τοῦ στόματος, καὶ τούτου στενοῦ παντάπασιν ὄντος· οὐκ εἰκὸς δʼ οὔτʼ ἔξω που τὸν πλοῦν ἔχοντας εἰς τὸν κόλπον παρωσθῆναι τοὺς Ἰνδοὺς κατὰ πλάνην (τὰ γὰρ στενὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος δηλώσειν ἔμελλε τὴν πλάνην), οὔτʼ εἰς τὸν κόλπον ἐπίτηδες καταχθεῖσιν ἔτι πλάνης ἦν πρόφασις καὶ ἀνέμων ἀστάτων.
For the Arabian Gulf is narrow like a river and long for about ten thousand stades as far as its mouth, and this mouth itself is entirely narrow; and it is not likely either that the Indians, keeping their course somewhere outside, were forced into the gulf by wandering (for the narrowness from the mouth was bound to make their wandering clear to them), or that for those who had been brought into the gulf on purpose there was still any excuse of wandering and unstable winds.
λιμῷ τε πῶς περιεῖδον ἅπαντας ἀπολλυμένους σφᾶς πλὴν ἑνός;
And how did they allow all of themselves to perish of hunger except one?
περιγενόμενός τε πῶς ἱκανὸς ἦν μόνος κατευθύνειν τὸ πλοῖον οὐ μικρὸν ὂν τά γε τηλικαῦτα πελάγη διαίρειν δυνάμενον;
And how was the survivor able, all by himself, to steer the ship, which was not small, being capable of crossing such vast seas?
τίς δʼ ἡ ὀξυμάθεια τῆς διαλέκτου, ἀφʼ ἧς ἱκανὸς ἦν πεῖσαι τὸν βασιλέα, ὡς δυνάμενος τοῦ πλοῦ καθηγήσασθαι;
And what was his rapid learning of the language, by which he was able to persuade the king that he was capable of guiding the voyage?
τίς δʼ ἡ σπάνις τῷ Εὐεργέτῃ τῶν τοιούτων καθηγεμόνων, ἤδη γνωριζομένης ὑπὸ πολλῶν τῆς ταύτῃ θαλάττης;
And what was the scarcity to Euergetes of such guides, when the sea in this direction was already known by many?
ὁ δὲ δὴ σπονδοφόρος καὶ θεωρὸς τῶν Κυζικηνῶν πῶς ἀφεὶς τὴν πόλιν εἰς Ἰνδοὺς ἔπλει;
And how did the treaty-bearer and sacred messenger of the Cyzicenes leave his city and sail to India?
πῶς δὲ ἐπιστεύθη τηλικαύτην χρείαν;
And how was he trusted with such a great mission?
πῶς δʼ ἐπανιὼν ἀφαιρεθεὶς πάντα παρὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα καὶ ἀτιμωθεὶς ἔτι μείζονα ἐπιστεύθη παρασκευὴν δώρων;
And how, when on his return he was deprived of everything contrary to his expectation and disgraced, was he trusted with an even greater preparation of gifts?
ἐπανιὼν δὲ καὶ παρενεχθεὶς εἰς τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν τίνος χάριν ἢ τὰς διαλέκτους ἀπεγράφετο, ἢ τὸ ἀκρόπρῳρον ἐπυνθάνετο τῆς ἁλιάδος πόθεν ἐκπέσοι;
And on his return, having been carried away to Ethiopia, for what purpose did he either write down their languages or inquire where the prow of the fishing boat had drifted from?
τὸ γὰρ μαθεῖν ὅτι ἀπὸ δύσεως πλεόντων ἦν ναυάγιον οὐδενὸς ἔμελλεν ὑπάρξειν σημεῖον, ἐπεὶ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔμελλεν ἀπὸ δύσεως πλεῖν κατὰ τὴν ἐπάνοδον.
For to learn that it was a shipwreck of those sailing from the west was bound to be of no sign to anyone, since he himself was also bound to sail from the west during his return.
ἐλθὼν δʼ οὖν εἰς Ἀλεξάνδρειαν, φωραθεὶς ὡς νενοσφισμένος πολλά, πῶς οὐκ ἐκολάσθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ περιῄει τοὺς ναυκλήρους διαπυνθανόμενος, δεικνὺς ἅμα τὸ ἀκρόπρῳρον;
But having arrived then at Alexandria, when he was caught having embezzled many things, how was he not punished, but even went around inquiring of the ship-captains, showing them the prow at the same time?
ὁ δὲ γνωρίσας οὐχὶ θαυμαστός;
And is not the one who recognized it remarkable?
ὁ δὲ πιστεύσας οὐ θαυμασιώτερος καὶ κατʼ ἐλπίδα τοιαύτην ἐπανιὼν εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν καὶ μετοικισμὸν ἐκεῖθεν ποιησάμενος εἰς τὰ ἔξω στηλῶν;
And is not the one who believed him even more remarkable, and who on such a hope returned to his home and made a resettlement from there to the region outside the Pillars?
ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἐξὸν ἦν ἄνευ προστάγματος ἐξ Ἀλεξανδρείας ἀνάγεσθαι, καὶ ταῦτα νενοσφισμένῳ βασιλικὰ χρήματα.
But indeed it was not even permitted to put to sea from Alexandria without a warrant, and that too for one who had embezzled royal property.
οὐδέ γε λαθεῖν ἐκπλεύσαντα ἐνεδέχετο τοσαύτῃ φρουρᾷ κεκλεισμένου τοῦ λιμένος καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐξόδων, ὅσην καὶ νῦν ἔτι διαμένουσαν ἔγνωμεν ἡμεῖς ἐπιδημοῦντες τῇ Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ πολὺν χρόνον, καίτοι τὰ νῦν πολὺ ἀνεῖται, Ῥωμαίων ἐχόντων· αἱ βασιλικαὶ δὲ φρουραὶ πολὺ ἦσαν πικρότεραι.
Nor indeed was it possible to sail out secretly, with the harbor and the other exits closed by so great a garrison, as we ourselves knew to be still remaining when we resided in Alexandria for a long time, although things now are much relaxed, since the Romans hold it; but the royal garrisons were much more severe.
ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ ἀπῆρεν εἰς τὰ Γάδειρα καὶ ναυπηγησάμενος ἔπλει βασιλικῶς, διαλυθέντος αὐτῷ τοῦ πλοίου, πῶς μὲν ἐναυπηγήσατο τρίτον λέμβον ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ;
And when he also set out for Gadeira, and having built ships, sailed in a royal fashion, when his ship was wrecked, how did he build a third boat in the wilderness?
πῶς δὲ πλέων πάλιν καὶ εὑρὼν τοὺς ἑσπερίους Αἰθίοπας τοῖς ἑῴοις ὁμογλώττους οὐκ ὠρέχθη διανύσαι τὸν ἑξῆς πλοῦν, οὕτω χαῦνος ὢν πρὸς τὸ φιλέκδημον, μικρὸν ἔχειν ἐλπίσας λοιπὸν τὸ ἄγνωστον, ἀλλʼ ἀφεὶς ταῦτα τῆς διὰ Βόγου ναυστολίας ἐπεθύμησε;
And how, sailing again and having found the western Ethiopians speaking the same tongue as the eastern ones, did he not desire to accomplish the subsequent voyage, being so vain toward travel abroad, having hoped to have but a small unknown part remaining, but abandoning these things, desired the voyage through Bogus?
πῶς δʼ ἔγνω τὴν λάθρᾳ κατʼ αὐτοῦ συνισταμένην ἐπιβουλήν;
And how did he know the plot secretly being formed against him?
τί δὲ τοῦτʼ ἦν τῷ Βόγῳ πλεονέκτημα ὁ τἀνθρώπου ἀφανισμός, ἐξὸν ἄλλως ἀποπέμψασθαι;
And what gain was this to Bogus, the disappearance of the man, when it was possible to send him away otherwise?
γνοὺς δὲ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν πῶς ἔφθη φυγὼν εἰς ἀσφαλεῖς τόπους;
And having known the plot, how did he escape beforehand to safe places?
ἕκαστον γὰρ τῶν τοιούτων οὐκ ἀδύνατον μέν, ἀλλὰ χαλεπὸν καὶ σπανίως γινόμενον μετὰ τύχης τινός· τῷ δʼ εὐτυχεῖν ἀεὶ συνέβαινεν εἰς κινδύνους καθισταμένῳ συνεχεῖς.
For each of such things is not indeed impossible, but difficult and happening rarely with some luck; but to him it always happened to be lucky when placed in continuous dangers.
πῶς δʼ οὐκ ἔδεισεν ἀποδρὰς τὸν Βόγον πλεῖν πάλιν παρὰ τὴν Λιβύην σὺν παρασκευῇ δυναμένῃ συνοικίσαι νῆσον;
And how did he not fear, having run away from Bogus, to sail again along Libya with a preparation capable of colonizing an island?
οὐ πολὺ οὖν ἀπολείπεται ταῦτα τῶν Πυθέου καὶ Εὐημέρου καὶ Ἀντιφάνους ψευσμάτων.
These things, therefore, do not fall far short of the falsehoods of Pytheas, Euhemerus, and Antiphanes.
ἀλλʼ ἐκείνοις μὲν συγγνώμη τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ ἐπιτηδεύουσιν, ὥσπερ τοῖς θαυματοποιοῖς· τῷ δʼ ἀποδεικτικῷ καὶ φιλοσόφῳ, σχεδὸν δέ τι καὶ περὶ πρωτείων ἀγωνιζομένῳ, τίς ἂν συγγνοίη;
But to those men there is pardon, practicing this very thing, just like jugglers; but to a man of demonstration and a philosopher, and one who, so to speak, is competing even for the first place, who would grant pardon?
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν οὐκ εὖ.
These things, then, are not well.