§2.3.4μνησθεὶς δὲ τῶν περιπλεῦσαι λεγομένων τὴν Λιβύην, Ἡρόδοτον μὲν οἴεσθαί φησιν ὑπὸ Δαρείου πεμφθέντας τινὰς τελέσαι τὸν περίπλουν· Ἡρακλείδην δὲ τὸν Ποντικὸν ἐν διαλόγῳ ποιεῖν ἀφιγμένον παρὰ Γέλωνι μάγον τινὰ περιπλεῦσαι φάσκοντα.
Having mentioned those who are said to have circumnavigated Libya, Posidonius says that Herodotus thinks certain people sent by Darius accomplished the circumnavigation, and that Heraclides Ponticus in a dialogue introduces a certain magus who arrived at the court of Gelon claiming to have circumnavigated it.
ἀμάρτυρα δὲ ταῦτʼ εἶναι φήσας καὶ Εὔδοξόν τινα Κυζικηνὸν θεωρὸν καὶ σπονδοφόρον τοῦ τῶν Κορείων ἀγῶνος ἐλθεῖν εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἱστορεῖ κατὰ τὸν δεύτερον Εὐεργέτην· συσταθῆναι δὲ καὶ τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ τοῖς περὶ αὐτόν καὶ μάλιστα κατὰ τοὺς ἀνάπλους τοῦ Νείλου, θαυμαστικὸν ὄντα τῶν τοπικῶν ἰδιωμάτων ἅμα καὶ οὐκ ἀπαίδευτον.
But after stating that these accounts are without witness, he relates that a certain Eudoxus of Cyzicus, a sacred envoy and treaty-bearer for the festival of Core, came to Egypt in the reign of Euergetes the Second; and that he was introduced to the king and his courtiers, especially during his voyages up the Nile, since he was a man easily moved to wonder at local peculiarities and at the same time not uneducated.
τυχεῖν δή τινα Ἰνδὸν κομισθέντα ὡς τὸν βασιλέα ὑπὸ τῶν φυλάκων τοῦ Ἀραβίου μυχοῦ, λεγόντων εὑρεῖν ἡμιθανῆ καταχθέντα μόνον ἐν νηί, τίς δʼ εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἀγνοεῖν μὴ συνιέντας τὴν διάλεκτον· τὸν δὲ παραδοῦναι τοῖς διδάξουσιν ἑλληνίζειν.
It happened then that a certain Indian was brought to the king by the guardians of the Arabian Gulf, who said they found him half-dead, cast ashore alone in a boat, and that they did not know who he was or where he came from, since they did not understand his language; and the king handed him over to those who would teach him Greek.
ἐκμαθόντα δὲ διηγήσασθαι διότι ἐκ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς πλέων περιπέσοι πλάνῃ καὶ σωθείη δεῦρο τοὺς σύμπλους ἀποβαλὼν λιμῷ· ὑποληφθέντα δὲ ὑποσχέσθαι τὸν εἰς Ἰνδοὺς πλοῦν ἡγήσασθαι τοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως προχειρισθεῖσι· τούτων δὲ γενέσθαι τὸν Εὔδοξον.
When he had learned it, he related how, sailing from India, he had lost his way and was saved here, though he had lost his companions by starvation; and having been believed, he promised to guide those appointed by the king to the voyage to India; and Eudoxus became one of these.
πλεύσαντα δὴ μετὰ δώρων ἐπανελθεῖν ἀντιφορτισάμενον ἀρώματα καὶ λίθους πολυτελεῖς, ὧν τοὺς μὲν καταφέρουσιν οἱ ποταμοὶ μετὰ τῶν ψήφων, τοὺς δʼ ὀρυκτοὺς εὑρίσκουσι πεπηγότας ἐξ ὑγροῦ, καθάπερ τὰ κρυστάλλινα παρʼ ἡμῖν· διαψευσθῆναι δὲ τῶν ἐλπίδων· ἀφελέσθαι γὰρ αὐτὸν ἅπαντα τὸν φόρτον τὸν Εὐεργέτην.
Having thus sailed with gifts, he returned with a cargo of aromatics and precious stones in exchange, some of which are washed down by the rivers with the pebbles, while others are found as minerals solidified from liquid, just like crystal with us; but he was disappointed in his hopes, for Euergetes deprived him of his entire cargo.
τελευτήσαντος δʼ ἐκείνου τὸν βίον, Κλεοπάτραν τὴν γυναῖκα διαδέξασθαι τὴν ἀρχήν· πάλιν οὖν καὶ ὑπὸ ταύτης πεμφθῆναι τὸν Εὔδοξον μετὰ μείζονος παρασκευῆς.
When that king departed this life, Cleopatra his wife succeeded to the government; Eudoxus was therefore sent again by her also, with a larger preparation.
ἐπανιόντα δʼ ἀνέμοις παρενεχθῆναι ὑπὲρ τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν· προσφερόμενον δέ τισι τόποις ἐξοικειοῦσθαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μεταδόσει σιτίων τε καὶ οἴνου καὶ παλαθίδων, ὧν ἐκείνοις οὐ μετῆν, ἀντὶ δὲ τούτων ὑδρείας τε τυγχάνειν καὶ καθοδηγίας, ἀπογράφεσθαί τε τῶν ῥημάτων ἔνια.
But on his return he was carried away by winds beyond Ethiopia; and being cast upon certain places, he conciliated the people by sharing with them grain, wine, and cakes of dried figs, of which they had no share, and in return for these he obtained water and guides, and wrote down some of their words.
εὑρόντα δʼ ἀκρόπρῳρον ξύλινον ἐκ ναυαγίου ἵππον ἔχον ἐγγεγλυμμένον, πυθόμενον ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς ἑσπέρας πλεόντων τινῶν εἴη τὸ ναυάγιον τοῦτο, κομίζειν αὐτὸ ἀναστρέψαντα πρὸς τὸν οἰκεῖον πλοῦν.
Having found a wooden prow from a shipwreck with a horse carved on it, and having learned that this wreck belonged to some people sailing from the west, he took it with him when he turned back to his own voyage.
σωθέντα δʼ εἰς Αἴγυπτον, οὐκέτι τῆς Κλεοπάτρας ἡγουμένης ἀλλὰ τοῦ παιδός, ἀφαιρεθῆναι πάλιν πάντα· φωραθῆναι γὰρ νενοσφισμένον πολλά.
Having arrived safely in Egypt, when Cleopatra was no longer ruling but her son was, he was again deprived of everything; for he was caught having embezzled many things.
τὸ δʼ ἀκρόπρῳρον προφέροντα εἰς τὸ ἐμπόριον δεικνύναι τοῖς ναυκλήροις, γνῶναι δὲ Γαδειριτῶν ὄν· τούτων γὰρ τοὺς μὲν ἐμπόρους μεγάλα στέλλειν πλοῖα, τοὺς δὲ πένητας μικρά, ἃ καλεῖν ἵππους ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν ταῖς πρῴραις ἐπισήμων· τούτοις δὲ πλεῖν μέχρι τοῦ Λίξου ποταμοῦ περὶ τὴν Μαυρουσίαν ἁλιευομένους.
But carrying the prow to the market-place, he showed it to the ship-captains, and learned that it belonged to the Gadirians; for of these, the merchants send out large ships, but the poor send out small ones, which they call "horses" from the devices on their prows; and with these they sail as far as the Lixus River near Maurusia to fish.
ἀλλὰ τῶν δὴ ναυκλήρων τινὰς γνωρίσαι τὸ ἀκρόπρῳρον ἑνὸς τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Λίξου ποταμοῦ πορρώτερον πλευσάντων καὶ μὴ σωθέντων ὑπάρξαν.
But some of the ship-captains indeed recognized the prow as having belonged to one of the ships that had sailed further beyond the Lixus River and had not returned.
ἐκ δὲ τούτου συμβαλόντα τὸν Εὔδοξον ὡς δυνατὸς εἴη ὁ περίπλους ὁ Λιβυκός, πορευθέντα οἴκαδε τὴν οὐσίαν ἐνθέμενον πᾶσαν ἐξορμῆσαι.
From this, Eudoxus, concluding that the circumnavigation of Libya was possible, went home, embarked his entire fortune, and set out.
καὶ πρῶτον μὲν εἰς Δικαιάρχειαν, εἶτʼ εἰς Μασσαλίαν ἐλθεῖν καὶ τὴν ἑξῆς παραλίαν μέχρι Γαδείρων, πανταχοῦ δὲ διακωδωνίζοντα ταῦτα καὶ χρηματιζόμενον κατασκευάσασθαι πλοῖον μέγα καὶ ἐφόλκια δύο λέμβοις λῃστρικοῖς ὅμοια, ἐμβιβάσαι τε μουσικὰ παιδισκάρια καὶ ἰατροὺς καὶ ἄλλους τεχνίτας, ἔπειτα πλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰνδικὴν μετέωρον ζεφύροις συνεχέσι.
And first he came to Dicaearchia, then to Massalia, and along the next coast as far as Gadeira, everywhere proclaiming his project and raising money, and built a large ship and two boats like pirate cutters, and embarked music-girls, physicians, and other artisans, and then sailed for India in the open sea with constant west winds.
καμνόντων δὲ τῷ πλῷ τῶν συνόντων, ἄκοντα ἐπουρίσαι πρὸς γῆν δεδοικότα τὰς πλημμυρίδας καὶ τὰς ἀμπώτεις.
But since his companions were exhausted by the voyage, he reluctantly ran before the wind to the land, fearing the flow and ebb of the tides.
καὶ δὴ καὶ συμβῆναι ὅπερ ἐδεδίει· καθίσαι γὰρ τὸ πλοῖον, ἡσυχῆ δέ, ὥστε μηδʼ ἀθροῦν διαλυθῆναι, ἀλλὰ φθῆναι τὰ φορτία σωθέντα εἰς γῆν καὶ τῶν ξύλων τὰ πλεῖστα· ἐξ ὧν τρίτον λέμβον συμπηξάμενον πεντηκοντόρῳ πάρισον πλεῖν, ἕως ἀνθρώποις συνέμιξε τὰ αὐτὰ ῥήματα φθεγγομένοις, ἅπερ πρότερον ἀπεγέγραπτο· ἅμα δὲ τοῦτό τε γνῶναι ὅτι οἱ ἐνταῦθα ἄνθρωποι ὁμοεθνεῖς εἶεν τοῖς Αἰθίοψιν ἐκείνοις, καὶ ὅτι ὁμοροῖεν τῇ Βόγου βασιλείᾳ.
And indeed, what he had feared came to pass; for the ship ran aground, though gently, so that it was not immediately broken up, but they succeeded in saving the cargo and most of the timber on land; from which having built a third boat, equal to a fifty-oared vessel, he sailed until he met with people speaking the same words that he had previously written down; and at the same time he learned both that the people here were of the same nation as those Ethiopians, and that they bordered on the kingdom of Bogus.
ἀφέντα δὴ τὸν ἐπὶ Ἰνδοὺς πλοῦν ἀναστρέφειν· ἐν δὲ τῷ παράπλῳ νῆσον εὔυδρον καὶ εὔδενδρον ἐρήμην ἰδόντα σημειώσασθαι· σωθέντα δὲ εἰς τὴν Μαυρουσίαν, διαθέμενον τοὺς λέμβους πεζῇ κομισθῆναι πρὸς τὸν Βόγον καὶ συμβουλεύειν αὐτῷ τὴν ναυστολίαν ἐπανελέσθαι ταύτην, ἰσχῦσαι δʼ εἰς τἀναντία τοὺς φίλους ὑποτείνοντας φόβον μὴ συμβῇ τὴν χώραν εὐεπιβούλευτον γενέσθαι, δειχθείσης παρόδου τοῖς ἔξωθεν ἐπιστρατεύειν ἐθέλουσιν.
So, abandoning his voyage to India, he turned back; and during his coastal voyage, having seen an uninhabited island well watered and wooded, he marked it; and having arrived safely in Maurusia, he disposed of his boats and was conveyed by land to Bogus, and advised him to undertake this expedition himself; but the king's friends prevailed to the contrary, suggesting a fear lest the country should become easy to plot against if a passage were shown to those who wished to invade from without.
ὡς δʼ ἐπύθετο λόγῳ μὲν πεμπόμενον ἑαυτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀναδειχθεῖσαν ναυστολίαν, ἔργῳ δʼ ἐκτεθησόμενον εἰς ἐρήμην τινὰ νῆσον, φυγεῖν εἰς τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἐπικράτειαν κἀκεῖθεν εἰς τὴν Ἰβηρίαν διᾶραι.
But when he learned that in name he was being sent on the proposed expedition, but in fact was to be exposed on an uninhabited island, he fled into the Roman territory and crossed over from there to Iberia.
πάλιν δὲ κατασκευασάμενον στρογγύλον πλοῖον καὶ μακρὸν πεντηκόντορον, ὥστε τῷ μὲν πελαγίζειν τῷ δὲ πειρᾶσθαι τῆς γῆς, ἐνθέμενον γεωργικὰ ἐργαλεῖα καὶ σπέρματα καὶ οἰκοδόμους ὁρμῆσαι πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν περίπλουν, διανοούμενον, εἰ βραδύνοιτο ὁ πλοῦς, ἐνδιαχειμάσαι τῇ προεσκεμμένῃ νήσῳ, καὶ σπείραντα καὶ ἀνελόμενον τοὺς καρποὺς τελέσαι τὸν ἐγνωσμένον ἐξ ἀρχῆς πλοῦν.
Having again built a round merchant ship and a long fifty-oared vessel, so that with the one he might keep the open sea and with the other explore the land, and having embarked agricultural implements, seeds, and house-builders, he set out on the same circumnavigation, intending, if the voyage should be delayed, to winter on the island he had previously examined, and having sown and gathered the crops, to complete the voyage he had determined on from the beginning.