§17.2.4τοῖς δʼ Αἰγυπτιακοῖς καὶ ταῦτα προσθετέον ὅσα ἰδιάζοντα, οἷον ὁ Αἰγύπτιος λεγόμενος κύαμος ἐξ οὗ τὸ κιβώριον, καὶ ἡ βύβλος· ἐνταῦθα γὰρ καὶ παρʼ Ἰνδοῖς μόνον·
To the Egyptian matters we must also add those things that are peculiar, such as the so-called Egyptian bean, from which the ciborium is made, and the papyrus; for these are found only here and among the Indians.
ἡ δὲ περσέα ἐνταῦθα μόνον καὶ παρʼ Αἰθίοψι, δένδρον μέγα, καρπὸν ἔχον γλυκὺν καὶ μέγαν, καὶ ἡ συκάμινος ἡ ἐκφέρουσα τὸν λεγόμενον καρπὸν συκόμορον· σύκῳ γὰρ ἔοικεν·
And the persea is found only here and among the Ethiopians, being a large tree which has sweet and large fruit; and the sycamore which bears the so-called sycomorus fruit, for it resembles a fig, but is inferior in taste.
ἄτιμον δʼ ἐστὶ κατὰ τὴν γεῦσιν· γίνεται δὲ καὶ τὸ κόρσιον καὶ ὅμοιόν τι πεπέρει τράγημα, μικρῷ αὐτοῦ μεῖζον.
There is also produced the corsion and a kind of sweetmeat resembling pepper, though slightly larger than it.
ἰχθύες δʼ ἐν τῷ Νείλῳ πολλοὶ μὲν καὶ ἄλλοι χαρακτῆρα ἔχοντες ἴδιον καὶ ἐπιχώριον, γνωριμώτατοι δὲ ὅ τε ὀξύρυγχος καὶ ὁ λεπιδωτὸς καὶ λάτος καὶ ἀλάβης καὶ κορακῖνος καὶ χοῖρος καὶ φαγρώριος ὃν καὶ φάγρον καλοῦσιν, ἔτι σίλουρος κιθαρὸς θρίσσα κεστρεὺς λύχνος φῦσα βοῦς·
As for the fish in the Nile, there are indeed many others that have a peculiar and local character, but the best known are the oxyrhynchus, the lepidotus, the latus, the alabes, the coracinus, the choerus, the phagrorius (which they also call phagrus), and furthermore, the silurus, the citharus, the thrissa, the cestreus, the lychnus, the physa, and the bous.
ὀστρακίων δὲ κοχλίαι μεγάλοι φωνὴν ὀλολυγόσιν ὁμοίαν φθεγγόμενοι·
And among shellfish, there are large snails which utter a sound resembling wailing.
ζῷα ἐπιχώρια καὶ ὁ ἰχνεύμων καὶ ἡ ἀσπὶς ἡ Αἰγυπτία ἴδιόν τι ἔχουσα παρὰ τὰς ἐν ἄλλοις· διττὴ δʼ ἐστίν, ἡ μὲν σπιθαμιαία ἥπερ καὶ ὀξυθανατωτέρα, ἡ δʼ ἐγγὺς ὀργυιᾶς, ὡς καὶ Νίκανδρος ὁ τὰ θηριακὰ γράψας εἴρηκε·
The local animals also include the ichneumon and the Egyptian asp, which has a certain peculiar character compared to those in other places; it is of two kinds, one of a span's length, which causes a swifter death, and the other nearly a fathom in length, as Nicander, the author of the Theriaca, has also stated.
καὶ τῶν ὀρνέων ἶβις καὶ ἱέραξ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος, ἥμερος παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλοθι, ὡς καὶ ἡ αἴλουρος·
And among birds, there are the ibis and the Egyptian hawk, which is tame compared to those elsewhere, as is also the cat.
καὶ ὁ νυκτικόραξ ἰδιότροπος ἐνθάδε· παρʼ ἡμῖν μὲν γὰρ ἀετοῦ μέγεθος ἴσχει καὶ φθέγγεται βαρύ, ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ δὲ κολοιοῦ μέγεθος καὶ φθογγὴ διάφορος·
And the night-raven is of a peculiar character here; for while with us it attains the size of an eagle and utters a deep sound, in Egypt it is of the size of a jackdaw and has a different cry.
ἡμερώτατον δʼ ἡ ἶβις, πελαργώδης μὲν κατὰ σχῆμα καὶ μέγεθος, διττὴ δὲ τὴν χρόαν, ἡ μὲν πελαργώδης ἡ δὲ ὅλη μέλαινα·
And the ibis is extremely tame, resembling the stork in shape and size, but of two colors, one resembling the stork and the other entirely black.
μεστὴ δʼ αὐτῶν ἅπασα τρίοδος ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ, πῆ μὲν χρησίμως πῆ δʼ οὐ χρησίμως· χρησίμως μὲν ὅτι πᾶν θηρίον ἐκλέγει καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς κρεωπωλίοις καὶ τοῖς ὀψοπωλίοις ἀποκαθάρματα, δυσχρήστως δὲ ὅτι παμφάγον καὶ ἀκάθαρτον καὶ δυσκόλως ἀπειργόμενον ἀπὸ τῶν καθαρείων καὶ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων μολυσμοῦ παντός.
Every street-crossing in Alexandria is full of them, in one way usefully, but in another way inconveniently; usefully, because they pick out every noxious creature and the offal from the meat-markets and fish-markets; but inconveniently, because they are omnivorous, unclean, and with difficulty kept away from clean places and from polluting everything else.
§17.2.5Ἀληθὲς δὲ καὶ τὸ Ἡροδότου καὶ ἔστιν Αἰγυπτιακὸν τὸ τὸν μὲν πηλὸν ταῖς χερσὶ φυρᾶν, τὸ δὲ στέαρ τὸ εἰς τὴν ἀρτοποιίαν τοῖς ποσί.
And Herodotus' statement is also true, and it is an Egyptian custom to knead clay with their hands, but the dough for bread-making with their feet.
καὶ οἱ * κάκεις δὲ ἴδιόν τι ἄρτου γένος, στατικὸν κοιλίας, καὶ τὸ κῖκι καρπός τις σπειρόμενος ἐν ἀρούραις, ἐξ οὗ ἔλαιον ἀποθλίβεται εἰς μὲν λύχνον τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας σχεδόν τι πᾶσιν, εἰς ἄλειμμα δὲ τοῖς πενεστέροις καὶ ἐργατικωτέροις καὶ ἀνδράσι καὶ γυναιξί· καὶ τὰ κοΐκινα δὲ πλέγματα Αἰγυπτιακά ἐστι φυτοῦ τινος, ὅμοια τοῖς σχοινίνοις ἢ φοινικίνοις.
And the kakeis is also a peculiar kind of bread, which binds the bowels; and the kiki is a kind of fruit sown in the fields, from which oil is pressed out, for lamps for almost all the inhabitants of the country, and for anointing for the poorer and more laboring classes, both men and women; and the koikina woven articles are Egyptian, made from a certain plant, resembling those made of rushes or palm-leaves.
τὸ δὲ ζύθος ἰδίως μὲν σκευάζεται παρʼ ἐκείνοις, κοινὸν δʼ ἐστὶ πολλοῖς, καὶ παρʼ ἑκάστοις δὲ αἱ σκευασίαι διάφοροι.
As for beer, it is prepared in a peculiar way among them, but is common to many peoples, and among each the preparations are different.
καὶ τοῦτο δὲ τῶν μάλιστα ζηλουμένων παρʼ αὐτοῖς τὸ πάντα τρέφειν τὰ γεννώμενα παιδία καὶ τὸ περιτέμνειν καὶ τὰ θήλεα ἐκτέμνειν, ὅπερ καὶ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις νόμιμον· καὶ οὗτοι δʼ εἰσὶν Αἰγύπτιοι τὸ ἀνέκαθεν, καθάπερ εἰρήκαμεν ἐν τῷ περὶ ἐκείνων λόγῳ.
And this is also one of the customs most zealously observed among them, to rear all born children, and to circumcise the males and excise the females, which is also a custom among the Jews; and these latter are also Egyptians by origin, just as we have said in our account concerning them.
φησὶ δʼ Ἀριστόβουλος ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης μηδὲν ἀνατρέχειν ὄψον εἰς τὸν Νεῖλον πλὴν κεστρέως καὶ θρίσσης καὶ δελφῖνος διὰ τοὺς κροκοδείλους, τοὺς μὲν δελφῖνας διὰ τὸ κρείττους εἶναι, τοὺς δὲ κεστρέας τῷ παραπέμπεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν χοίρων παρὰ γῆν κατά τινα οἰκείωσιν φυσικήν· τῶν δὲ χοίρων ἀπέχεσθαι τοὺς κροκοδείλους στρογγύλων ὄντων καὶ ἐχόντων ἀκάνθας ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ φερούσας κίνδυνον τοῖς θηρίοις· ἀναθεῖν μὲν οὖν ἔαρος τοὺς κεστρέας γόνον ἔχοντας, μικρὸν δὲ πρὸ δύσεως πλειάδος καταβαίνειν τεξομένους ἀθρόους, ὅτε καὶ ἡ ἅλωσις αὐτῶν γίνεται περιπιπτόντων τοῖς φράγμασιν ἀθρόων· τοιαύτην δέ τινα εἰκάζειν ἔστι καὶ περὶ τῆς θρίσσης αἰτίαν.
Aristobulus says that no food-fish runs up from the sea into the Nile except the cestreus, the thrissa, and the dolphin, because of the crocodiles—the dolphins because they are stronger, and the cestreus because they are escorted by the choeri along the shore in accordance with a certain natural affinity; and that the crocodiles abstain from the choeri because they are round and have spines on their head which bring danger to the beasts; that, therefore, the cestreus run up in spring when they are with spawn, and go down shortly before the setting of the Pleiades in large numbers to spawn, at which time their capture also takes place, as they fall into the weirs in large numbers; and that some such reason can also be conjectured in the case of the thrissa.
ταῦτα καὶ περὶ Αἰγύπτου.
This much also concerning Egypt.