§17.3.1περὶ δὲ Λιβύης ἐφεξῆς λέγωμεν, ὅπερ λείπεται μέρος τῆς συμπάσης γεωγραφίας.
Let us next speak of Libya, which is the remaining part of the whole of geography.
εἴρηται μὲν οὖν καὶ πρότερον πολλὰ περὶ αὐτῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ νῦν ὅσα καίρια προσυπομνηστέον, προστιθέντας καὶ τὰ μὴ λεχθέντα πρότερον.
Much, indeed, has been said about it before, but even now we must recall what is essential, adding also those things that were not mentioned before.
οἱ μὲν οὖν πρὸς τὰς ἠπείρους τὴν οἰκουμένην διελόντες ἀνίσως διεῖλον· ἐμφαίνει γὰρ τὸ τριχῆ τὸ εἰς τρία ἴσα·
Now, those who divided the inhabited world by continents divided it unequally; for the term "into three" implies three equal parts.
τοσοῦτο δʼ ἀπολείπεται τοῦ τρίτον εἶναι μέρος τῆς οἰκουμένης ἡ Λιβύη ὥστε καὶ συντεθεῖσα μετὰ τῆς Εὐρώπης οὐκ ἂν ἐξισάζειν δόξειε τῇ Ἀσίᾳ· τάχα δὲ καὶ τῆς Εὐρώπης ἐλάττων ἐστί, κατὰ δὲ τὴν δύναμιν καὶ πολλῷ τινι·
But Libya falls so far short of being a third part of the inhabited world that even when put together with Europe it would not seem to equal Asia; and perhaps it is even smaller than Europe, and in power by a great deal indeed.
ἔρημος γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πολλὴ τῆς μεσογαίας καὶ τῆς παρωκεανίτιδος, κατοικίαις δὲ κατάστικτός ἐστι μικραῖς καὶ σποράσι καὶ νομαδικαῖς ταῖς πλείσταις·
For most of the interior and the part along the ocean is desert, and is dotted with small, scattered, and mostly nomadic settlements.
πρὸς δὲ τῇ ἐρημίᾳ καὶ τὸ θηριοτρόφον ἐξελαύνει καὶ ἐκ τῆς δυναμένης οἰκεῖσθαι· πολὺ δὲ καὶ τῆς διακεκαυμένης ἐπιλαμβάνει ζώνης.
In addition to being a desert, the breeding of wild beasts also drives people out even from the habitable part; and it also occupies a large portion of the torrid zone.
ἡ μέντοι καθʼ ἡμᾶς εὐδαιμόνως οἰκεῖται πᾶσα παραλία ἡ μεταξὺ Νείλου καὶ στηλῶν, καὶ μάλιστα ἡ ὑπὸ Καρχηδονίοις γενομένη· ἀνυδρίαι δέ τινες κἀνταῦθα παρεμπίπτουσιν, οἷαι περί τε τὰς Σύρτεις καὶ τοὺς Μαρμαρίδας καὶ τὸν Καταβαθμόν.
Nevertheless, the whole of our coastline between the Nile and the Pillars is prosperously inhabited, especially the part that was under the Carthaginians; though some waterless regions also occur there, such as those around the Syrtes, the Marmaridae, and the Catabathmus.
ἔστι δὲ ὀρθογωνίου τριγώνου τὸ σχῆμα, ὡς ἄν τις ἐν ἐπιπέδῳ νοήσειε, βάσιν μὲν ἔχον τὴν καθʼ ἡμᾶς παραλίαν τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ Νείλου μέχρι Μαυρουσίας καὶ στηλῶν, πρὸς ὀρθὰς δὲ ταύτῃ πλευρὰν ἣν ὁ Νεῖλος ποιεῖ μέχρι Αἰθιοπίας, προσεκβαλλόντων ἡμῶν ἕως Ὠκεανοῦ, τὴν δʼ ὑποτείνουσαν τῇ ὀρθῇ τὴν παρωκεανῖτιν ἅπασαν τὴν μεταξὺ Αἰθιόπων καὶ Μαυρουσίων.
Its shape is that of a right-angled triangle, as one would conceive it on a flat surface, having as its base our coastline from Egypt and the Nile to Maurusia and the Pillars, and as the side at right angles to this the side which the Nile makes as far as Ethiopia, as we extend it as far as the Ocean, and as the hypotenuse subtending the right angle the whole of the coast along the ocean between the Ethiopians and the Maurusians.
τὸ μὲν οὖν κατʼ αὐτὴν τὴν κορυφὴν τοῦ λεχθέντος σχήματος ἤδη πως ὑποπῖπτον τῇ διακεκαυμένῃ λέγομεν ἐξ εἰκασμοῦ διὰ τὸ ἀπρόσιτον, ὥστʼ οὐδὲ τὸ μέγιστον πλάτος τῆς χώρας ἔχοιμεν ἂν λέγειν·
Now, as for the part near the very apex of the said figure, which already falls somewhat under the torrid zone, we speak of it from conjecture because of its inaccessibility, so that we cannot even state the greatest width of the country.
τὸ μέντοι τοσοῦτον ἐν τοῖς πρόσθεν λόγοις ἔφαμεν ὅτι ἐξ Ἀλεξανδρείας εἰς Μερόην τὸ βασίλειον τῶν Αἰθιόπων πρὸς νότον ἰόντι στάδιοί εἰσι περὶ μυρίους, ἐκεῖθεν δʼ ἐπʼ εὐθείας ἐπὶ τοὺς ὅρους τῆς διακεκαυμένης καὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἄλλοι τρισχίλιοι·
However, we have stated this much in our previous accounts, that to one going south from Alexandria to Meroe, the royal city of the Ethiopians, it is about ten thousand stadia, and from there in a straight line to the boundaries of the torrid zone and the inhabited world another three thousand.
τὸ γοῦν αὐτὸ θετέον τὸ μέγιστον πλάτος τῆς Λιβύης, μυρίους καὶ τρισχιλίους ἢ τετρακισχιλίους σταδίους, μῆκος δὲ μικρῷ ἔλαττον ἢ διπλάσιον.
Therefore, we must set the same as the greatest width of Libya, namely, thirteen or fourteen thousand stadia, and its length slightly less than double its width.
τὰ καθʼ ὅλου μὲν ταῦτα περὶ Λιβύης· τὰ καθʼ ἕκαστα δὲ λεκτέον ἀρξαμένοις ἀπὸ τῶν ἑσπερίων μερῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπιφανεστέρων.
These are the general matters concerning Libya; but we must speak of the particulars, beginning from the western and more famous parts.
§17.3.2οἰκοῦσι δʼ ἐνταῦθα Μαυρούσιοι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων λεγόμενοι, Μαῦροι δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων καὶ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων, Λιβυκὸν ἔθνος μέγα καὶ εὔδαιμον, ἀντίπορθμον τῇ Ἰβηρίᾳ.
There dwell here the Maurusians, as they are called by the Greeks, but Mauri by the Romans and the natives, a large and prosperous Libyan nation, situated opposite Iberia.
κατὰ τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ὁ κατὰ τὰς στήλας τὰς Ἡρακλείους πορθμός ἐστι, περὶ οὗ πολλὰ εἴρηται.
Here also is the strait at the Pillars of Hercules, concerning which much has been said.
ἔξω δὲ προελθόντι τοῦ κατὰ τὰς στήλας πορθμοῦ, τὴν Λιβύην ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἔχοντι ὄρος ἐστίν, ὅπερ οἱ μὲν Ἕλληνες Ἄτλαντα καλοῦσιν οἱ βάρβαροι δὲ Δύριν.
As one goes out of the strait at the Pillars, having Libya on the left, there is a mountain which the Greeks call Atlas and the barbarians Dyris.
ἐντεῦθεν δὲ πρόπους ἔκκειταί τις ὕστατος πρὸς δύσιν τῆς Μαυρουσίας αἱ Κώτεις λεγόμεναι·
From this point there projects a certain spur, the westernmost point of Maurusia, called the Koteis.
πλησίον δὲ καὶ πολίχνιον μικρὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς θαλάττης, ὅπερ Τρίγγα καλοῦσιν οἱ βάρβαροι, Λύγγα δʼ ὁ Ἀρτεμίδωρος προσηγόρευκε, Ἐρατοσθένης δὲ Λίξον· κεῖται δʼ ἀντίπορθμον τοῖς Γαδείροις ἐν διάρματι σταδίων ὀκτακοσίων, ὅσον ἑκάτερα διέχει τοῦ κατὰ τὰς στήλας πορθμοῦ·
Nearby is also a small town above the sea, which the barbarians call Tringa, but Artemidorus has named Lynga, and Eratosthenes Lixus; it lies opposite Gadeira at a sailing distance of eight hundred stadia, which is the distance that each is distant from the strait at the Pillars.
πρὸς νότον δὲ τῇ Λίξῳ καὶ ταῖς Κώτεσι παράκειται κόλπος Ἐμπορικὸς καλούμενος, ἔχων Φοινικικὰς ἐμπορικὰς κατοικίας.
To the south of Lixus and the Koteis lies an adjacent gulf called the Gulf of Emporicus, which has Phoenician commercial settlements.
ἔστι μὲν οὖν πᾶσα ἡ συνεχὴς τῷ κόλπῳ τούτῳ παραλία κολπώδης, ὑπεξαιρουμένῳ δὲ τοὺς κόλπους καὶ τὰς ἐξοχὰς κατὰ τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τριγωνοειδὲς ὃ ὑπέγραψα, νοείσθω μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τὴν μεσημβρίαν ἅμα καὶ τὴν ἕω λαμβάνουσα τὴν αὔξησιν ἡ ἤπειρος.
Now, the whole coastline continuous with this gulf is full of gulfs, but if we exclude the gulfs and the projections in accordance with the triangular shape which I have sketched, let the continent be conceived as gaining its increase rather towards both the south and the east.
τὸ δʼ ὄρος διὰ μέσης ἐκτεινόμενον τῆς Μαυρουσίας τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν Κώτεων μέχρι καὶ Σύρτεων οἰκεῖται καὶ αὐτὸ καὶ ἄλλα παράλληλα αὐτῷ κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Μαυρουσίων, ἐν βάθει δὲ τῆς χώρας ὑπὸ τοῦ μεγίστου τῶν Λιβυκῶν ἐθνῶν, οἳ Γαίτουλοι λέγονται.
The mountain extending through the middle of Maurusia from the Koteis as far as the Syrtes is inhabited, both itself and other mountains parallel to it, at first by the Maurusians, but deep in the interior of the country by the largest of the Libyan nations, who are called the Gaetulians.