§17.1.51καθʼ ὅλην δὲ τὴν Αἴγυπτον τοῦ φοίνικος ἀγεννοῦς ὄντος καὶ ἐκφέροντος καρπὸν οὐκ εὔβρωτον ἐν τοῖς περὶ τὸ Δέλτα τόποις καὶ περὶ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν, ὁ ἐν τῇ Θηβαΐδι φοῖνιξ ἄριστος τῶν ἄλλων φύεται.
While throughout the whole of Egypt the date-palm is of inferior quality and produces fruit that is not very edible in the districts around the Delta and around Alexandria, the palm in the Thebais grows as the best of all.
θαυμάζειν οὖν ἄξιον πῶς ταὐτὸ κλίμα οἰκοῦντες τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ ὅμοροι οἱ περὶ τὸ Δέλτα καὶ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν τοσοῦτον διαλλάττουσιν, ἐκείνης πρὸς ἄλλῳ φοίνικι καὶ τὸν καρυωτὸν γεννώσης, * οὐ πολὺ κρείττονα τοῦ Βαβυλωνίου.
It is therefore worthy of wonder how those who inhabit the same climate as Judaea and are its neighbors, namely the people around the Delta and Alexandria, differ so much, since the latter, in addition to other palms, also produces the caryotos, which is not much better than the Babylonian.
διττὸς δʼ ἐστὶν ὅ τε ἐν τῇ Θηβαΐδι καὶ ὁ ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ, ὅ τε ἄλλος καὶ ὁ καρυωτός· σκληρότερος δʼ ὁ Θηβαϊκός, ἀλλὰ τῇ γεύσει εὐστομώτερος.
There are two kinds both in the Thebais and in Judaea, namely the ordinary and the caryotos; but the Theban is harder, though more agreeable in taste.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ νῆσος ἡ μάλιστα ἐκφέρουσα τὸν ἄριστον, μεγίστην τελοῦσα πρόσοδον τοῖς ἡγεμόσι· βασιλικὴ γὰρ ἦν, ἰδιώτῃ δʼ οὐ μετῆν, καὶ νῦν τῶν ἡγεμόνων ἐστί.
There is also an island which especially produces the best kind, yielding the greatest revenue to the rulers; for it was royal property, and no private person had a share in it, and now it belongs to the rulers.
§17.1.52πολλὰ δʼ Ἡρόδοτός τε καὶ ἄλλοι φλυαροῦσιν, ὥσπερ μέλος ἢ ῥυθμὸν ἢ ἥδυσμά τι τῷ λόγῳ τὴν τερατείαν προσφέροντες· οἷον καὶ τὸ φάσκειν περὶ τὰς νήσους τὰς πρὸς τῇ Συήνῃ καὶ τῇ Ἐλεφαντίνῃ (πλείους δʼ εἰσὶ) τὰς πηγὰς τοῦ Νείλου εἶναι, καὶ βάθος ἄβυσσον ἔχειν τὸν πόρον κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν τόπον.
Herodotus and others talk much nonsense, introducing marvelous tales to their discourse as if they were offering a song or rhythm or some seasoning; for example, their claiming that the sources of the Nile are near the islands around Syene and Elephantine (and there are several of them), and that the channel in this place has a bottomless depth.
νήσους δʼ ὁ Νεῖλος κατεσπαρμένας ἔχει παμπόλλας, τὰς μὲν καλυπτομένας ὅλας ἐν ταῖς ἀναβάσεσι, τὰς δʼ ἐκ μέρους, ἐποχετεύεται δὲ τοῖς κοχλίαις τὰ λίαν ἔξαλα.
But the Nile has very many islands scattered about, some of which are entirely covered in the rises, and some in part, while the places that are too dry are irrigated by means of water-screws.
§17.1.53ἦν μὲν οὖν ἡ Αἴγυπτος εἰρηνικὴ τὸ πλέον ἐξ ἀρχῆς διὰ τὸ αὔταρκες τῆς χώρας καὶ τὸ δυσείσβολον τοῖς ἔξωθεν, ἀπὸ μὲν τῶν ἄρκτων ἀλιμένῳ παραλίᾳ καὶ πελάγει τῷ Αἰγυπτίῳ φρουρουμένη, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἕω καὶ τῆς ἑσπέρας ἐρήμοις ὄρεσι, τοῖς τε Λιβυκοῖς καὶ τοῖς Ἀραβίοις, ὥσπερ ἔφαμεν·
Now Egypt was for the most part peaceful from the beginning, because of the self-sufficiency of the country and its difficulty of access to those from outside; on the north it is guarded by a harborless coast and the Egyptian Sea, and on the east and west by desert mountains, both the Libyan and the Arabian, as we said.
λοιπὰ δὲ τὰ πρὸς νότον Τρωγλοδύται Βλέμμυες καὶ Νοῦβαι καὶ Μεγάβαροι οἱ ὑπὲρ Συήνης Αἰθίοπες· εἰσὶ δʼ οὗτοι νομάδες καὶ οὐ πολλοὶ οὐδὲ μάχιμοι, δοκοῦντες δὲ τοῖς πάλαι διὰ τὸ λῃστρικῶς ἀφυλάκτοις ἐπιτίθεσθαι πολλάκις·
The remaining parts toward the south are inhabited by the Troglodytes, Blemmyes, Nubae, and Megabaroi, the Ethiopians above Syene; these are nomads, and are neither many nor warlike, though they seemed so to the ancients because they often attacked unguarded people in the manner of robbers.
οἱ δὲ πρὸς μεσημβρίαν καὶ Μερόην ἀνήκοντες Αἰθίοπες, οὐδʼ οὗτοι πολλοὶ οὔτε ἐν συστροφῇ, ἅτε ποταμίαν μακρὰν καὶ στενὴν καὶ σκολιὰν οἰκοῦντες, οἵαν προείπομεν· οὐδὲ παρεσκευασμένοι καλῶς οὔτε πρὸς πόλεμον οὔτε πρὸς τὸν ἄλλον βίον.
As for the Ethiopians extending toward the south and Meroe, neither are these many nor gathered in a mass, since they inhabit a long, narrow, and winding river-land, such as we described before; nor are they well prepared either for war or for any other mode of life.
καὶ νῦν δὲ διάκειται παραπλησίως ἡ χώρα πᾶσα· σημεῖον δέ· τρισὶ γοῦν σπείραις οὐδὲ ταύταις ἐντελέσιν ἱκανῶς ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἡ χώρα φρουρεῖται·
And even now the whole country is situated in a similar manner; as a proof, at any rate, the country is guarded by only three cohorts, and not even these complete, by the Romans.
τολμήσασι δὲ τοῖς Αἰθίοψιν ἐπιθέσθαι κινδυνεῦσαι τῇ χώρᾳ συνέπεσε τῇ σφετέρᾳ.
And when the Ethiopians dared to make an attack, it befell them to run risks regarding their own country.
καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ δὲ δυνάμεις αἱ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ οὔτε τοσαῦταί τινές εἰσιν οὔτε ἀθρόαις ἐχρήσαντο οὐδʼ ἅπαξ Ῥωμαῖοι· οὐ γάρ εἰσιν οὔτʼ αὐτοὶ Αἰγύπτιοι πολεμισταί, καίπερ ὄντες παμπληθεῖς, οὔτε τὰ πέριξ ἔθνη.
The other forces also in Egypt are neither of any great size, nor did the Romans use them in a body even once; for neither are the Egyptians themselves warriors, although they are extremely numerous, nor are the surrounding nations.
Γάλλος μέν γε Κορνήλιος, ὁ πρῶτος κατασταθεὶς ἔπαρχος τῆς χώρας ὑπὸ Καίσαρος, τήν τε Ἡρώων πόλιν ἀποστᾶσαν ἐπελθὼν διʼ ὀλίγων εἷλε, στάσιν τε γενηθεῖσαν ἐν τῇ Θηβαΐδι διὰ τοὺς φόρους ἐν βραχεῖ κατέλυσε.
Cornelius Gallus, at least, the first prefect of the country appointed by Caesar, when he went against Heroon-polis which had revolted, took it with a few men, and in a short time suppressed a sedition that had arisen in the Thebais on account of the taxes.
Πετρώνιός τε ὕστερον τοῦ Ἀλεξανδρέων πλήθους τοσούτων μυριάδων ὁρμήσαντος ἐπʼ αὐτὸν μετὰ λίθων βολῆς, αὐτοῖς τοῖς περὶ ἑαυτὸν στρατιώταις ἀντέσχε, καὶ διαφθείρας τινὰς αὐτῶν τοὺς λοιποὺς ἔπαυσε.
Petronius also later, when a multitude of Alexandrians, so many tens of thousands, rushed upon him with a volley of stones, held out with only the soldiers about him, and having slain some of them, put an end to the rest.
Γάλλος τε Αἴλιος μέρει τῆς ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ φρουρᾶς εἰς τὴν Ἀραβίαν ἐμβαλὼν εἴρηται τίνα τρόπον ἐξήλεγξε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀπολέμους ὄντας· εἰ δὴ μὴ ὁ Συλλαῖος αὐτὸν προὐδίδου, κἂν κατεστρέψατο τὴν εὐδαίμονα πᾶσαν.
And how Aelius Gallus, invading Arabia with a part of the garrison in Egypt, proved that the people were unwarlike, has been told; indeed, if Syllaeus had not betrayed him, he would even have subdued the whole of Arabia Felix.