§16.1.26τὰ δὲ πρὸς μεσημβρίαν κεκλιμένα τῆς Μεσοποταμίας καὶ ἀπωτέρω τῶν ὀρῶν ἄνυδρα καὶ λυπρὰ ὄντα ἔχουσιν οἱ σκηνῖται Ἄραβες, λῃστρικοί τινες καὶ ποιμενικοί, μεθιστάμενοι ῥᾳδίως εἰς ἄλλους τόπους, ὅταν ἐπιλείπωσιν αἱ νομαὶ καὶ αἱ λεηλασίαι.
The parts of Mesopotamia which slope towards the south and are further from the mountains, being waterless and barren, are held by the tent-dwelling Arabs, a people who are predatory and pastoral, and who easily move to other places when pastures and spoils fail them.
τοῖς οὖν παρορείοις ὑπό τε τούτων κακοῦσθαι συμβαίνει καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀρμενίων· ὑπέρκεινται δὲ καὶ καταδυναστεύουσι διὰ τὴν ἰσχύν· τέλος δʼ ὑπʼ ἐκείνοις εἰσὶ τὸ πλέον ἢ τοῖς Παρθυαίοις· ἐν πλευραῖς γάρ εἰσι κἀκεῖνοι τήν τε Μηδίαν ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν Βαβυλωνίαν.
It therefore happens to the people of the mountain foothills to be harassed both by these Arabs and by the Armenians; for the Armenians lie above them and tyrannize over them because of their strength; and in the end they are subject to them rather than to the Parthians; for the Parthians also are on their flanks, holding both Media and Babylonia.
§16.1.27μεταξὺ δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου καὶ τοῦ Τίγριος ῥεῖ καὶ ἄλλος ποταμὸς Βασίλειος καλούμενος, καὶ περὶ τὴν Ἀνθεμουσίαν ἄλλος Ἀβόρρας· διὰ δὲ τῶν Σκηνιτῶν, * ὑπὸ τῶν Μαλίων νυνὶ λεγομένων, καὶ τῆς ἐκείνων ἐρημίας ἡ ὁδὸς τοῖς ἐκ τῆς Συρίας εἰς Σελεύκειαν καὶ Βαβυλῶνα ἐμπορευομένοις ἐστίν.
And between the Euphrates and the Tigris there flows also another river called Basileios, and around Anthemusia another called Aborras; and through the territory of the tent-dwellers, who are now called Malians, and through their desert, lies the road for merchants going from Syria to Seleucia and Babylon.
ἡ μὲν οὖν διάβασις τοῦ Εὐφράτου κατὰ τὴν Ἀνθεμουσίαν ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς, τόπον τῆς Μεσοποταμίας· ὑπέρκειται δὲ τοῦ ποταμοῦ σχοίνους τέτταρας διέχουσα ἡ Βαμβύκη, ἣν καὶ Ἔδεσσαν καὶ Ἱερὰν πόλιν καλοῦσιν, ἐν ᾗ τιμῶσι τὴν Συρίαν θεὸν τὴν Ἀταργάτιν.
Now the crossing of the Euphrates is at Anthemusia for them, a place in Mesopotamia; and above the river, at a distance of four schoeni, lies Bambyce, which they also call Edessa and the Holy City, where they worship the Syrian goddess Atargatis.
διαβάντων δὲ ἡ ὁδός ἐστι διὰ τῆς ἐρήμου ἐπὶ τοὺς τῆς Βαβυλωνίας ὅρους μέχρι Σκηνῶν, ἀξιολόγου πόλεως ἐπί τινος διώρυγος ἱδρυμένης.
And for those who have crossed, the road lies through the desert to the borders of Babylonia as far as Scenae, a noteworthy city situated on a certain canal.
ἔστι δʼ ἀπὸ τῆς διαβάσεως μέχρι Σκηνῶν ἡμερῶν πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν ὁδός.
And from the crossing to Scenae is a journey of twenty-five days.
καμηλῖται δʼ εἰσί, καταγωγὰς ἔχοντες τοτὲ μὲν ὑδρείων εὐπόρους τῶν λακκαίων τὸ πλέον, τοτὲ δʼ ἐπακτοῖς χρώμενοι τοῖς ὕδασι.
They are camel-drivers, having lodging-places which are at times well supplied with water from cisterns, for the most part of the pit-well type, while at other times they use imported water.
παρέχουσι δʼ αὐτοῖς οἱ Σκηνῖται τήν τε εἰρήνην καὶ τὴν μετριότητα τῆς τῶν τελῶν πράξεως, ἧς χάριν φεύγοντες τὴν παραποταμίαν διὰ τῆς ἐρήμου παραβάλλονται, καταλιπόντες ἐν δεξιᾷ τὸν ποταμὸν ἡμερῶν σχεδόν τι τριῶν ὁδόν.
And the tent-dwellers provide them with peace and moderation in the collection of tolls, on which account, avoiding the river-bank, they take their chance through the desert, leaving the river on their right at a distance of about three days' journey.
οἱ γὰρ παροικοῦντες ἑκατέρωθεν τὸν ποταμὸν φύλαρχοι, χώραν οὐκ εὔπορον ἔχοντες, ἧττον δὲ ἄπορον νεμόμενοι, δυναστείαν ἕκαστος ἰδίᾳ περιβεβλημένος ἴδιον καὶ τελώνιον ἔχει, καὶ τοῦτʼ οὐ μέτριον.
For the chieftains who dwell on either side of the river, having a country that is not rich, but inhabiting what is less barren, each invested with his own independent power, has his own custom-house, and that no moderate one.
χαλεπὸν γὰρ ἐν τοῖς τοσούτοις καὶ τούτοις αὐθάδεσι κοινὸν ἀφορισθῆναι μέτρον τὸ τῷ ἐμπόρῳ λυσιτελές.
For it is difficult among so many and such self-willed men to establish a common measure that is profitable to the merchant.
διέχουσι δὲ τῆς Σελευκείας αἱ Σκηναὶ σχοίνους ὀκτωκαίδεκα.
And Scenae is eighteen schoeni distant from Seleucia.
§16.1.28̔́οριον δʼ ἐστὶ τῆς Παρθυαίων ἀρχῆς ὁ Εὐφράτης καὶ ἡ περαία· τὰ δʼ ἐντὸς ἔχουσι Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ τῶν Ἀράβων οἱ φύλαρχοι μέχρι Βαβυλωνίας, οἱ μὲν μᾶλλον ἐκείνοις οἱ δὲ τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις προσέχοντες, οἷσπερ καὶ πλησιόχωροί εἰσιν, ἧττον μὲν Σκηνῖται οἱ νομάδες οἱ τῷ ποταμῷ πλησίον, μᾶλλον δʼ οἱ ἄπωθεν καὶ πρὸς τῇ εὐδαίμονι Ἀραβίᾳ.
And the boundary of the empire of the Parthians is the Euphrates and the region beyond; but the parts on this side are held by the Romans and the chieftains of the Arabs as far as Babylonia, some of them adhering rather to the Parthians and others to the Romans, to whom they are also neighbors; the nomadic tent-dwellers who are near the river adhere less, while those who are far off and near Arabia Felix adhere more.
οἱ δὲ Παρθυαῖοι καὶ πρότερον μὲν ἐφρόντιζον τῆς πρὸς Ῥωμαίους φιλίας, τὸν δὲ ἄρξαντα πολέμου Κράσσον ἠμύναντο· καὶ αὐτοὶ ἄρξαντες τῆς μάχης τῶν ἴσων ἔτυχον, ἡνίκα ἔπεμψαν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν Πάκορον Ἀντώνιος δὲ συμβούλῳ τῷ Ἀρμενίῳ χρώμενος προὐδόθη καὶ κακῶς ἐπολέμησεν· ὁ δʼ ἐκεῖνον διαδεξάμενος Φραάτης τοσοῦτον ἐσπούδασε περὶ τὴν φιλίαν τὴν πρὸς Καίσαρα τὸν Σεβαστὸν ὥστε καὶ τὰ τρόπαια ἔπεμψεν ἃ κατὰ Ῥωμαίων ἀνέστησαν Παρθυαῖοι, καὶ καλέσας εἰς σύλλογον Τίτιον τὸν ἐπιστατοῦντα τότε τῆς Συρίας, τέτταρας παῖδας γνησίους ἐνεχείρισεν ὅμηρα αὐτῷ, Σερασπαδάνην καὶ Ῥωδάσπην καὶ Φραάτην καὶ Βονώνην, καὶ γυναῖκας τούτων δύο καὶ υἱεῖς τέτταρας, δεδιὼς τὰς στάσεις καὶ τοὺς ἐπιτιθεμένους αὐτῷ· ᾔδει γὰρ μηδένα ἰσχύσοντα καθʼ ἑαυτόν, ἂν μή τινα ἐπιλάβῃ τοῦ Ἀρσακίου γένους διὰ τὸ εἶναι σφόδρα φιλαρσάκας τοὺς Παρθυαίους· ἐκποδὼν οὖν ἐποίησε τοὺς παῖδας, ἀφελέσθαι ζητῶν τὴν ἐλπίδα ταύτην τοὺς κακουργοῦντας.
And the Parthians even in earlier times cared for friendship with the Romans, but they defended themselves against Crassus, who was the first to begin the war; and when they themselves began the battle, they met with the same result when they sent Pacorus against Asia; and Antony, using the Armenian as his adviser, was betrayed and waged war disastrously; but Phraates, who succeeded him, was so eager for friendship with Caesar Augustus that he even sent the trophies which the Parthians had erected against the Romans, and, having invited Titius to a conference, who was then in charge of Syria, he delivered to him four of his legitimate sons as hostages, Seraspadanes, Rhodaspes, Phraates, and Vonones, and two of their wives and four sons, fearing factions and those who plotted against him; for he knew that no one would have power on his own account unless he had some member of the family of Arsaces, because the Parthians are exceedingly attached to the Arsacid race; he therefore put his children out of the way, seeking to deprive the evil-doers of this hope.
τῶν μὲν οὖν παίδων ὅσοι περίεισιν ἐν Ῥώμῃ δημοσίᾳ βασιλικῶς τημελοῦνται· καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ βασιλεῖς πρεσβευόμενοι καὶ εἰς συλλόγους ἀφικνούμενοι διατετελέκασιν.
Those of his children, therefore, who survive are maintained in Rome at public expense in a royal manner; and the subsequent kings have continued sending embassies and coming to conferences.