§16.2.1̔η δὲ Συρία πρὸς ἄρκτον μὲν ἀφώρισται τῇ Κιλικίᾳ καὶ τῷ Ἀμανῷ· ἀπὸ θαλάττης δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ ζεῦγμα τοῦ Εὐφράτου στάδιοί εἰσιν οἱ τὸ λεχθὲν πλευρὸν ἀφορίζοντες οὐκ ἐλάττους τῶν τετρακοσίων· πρὸς ἕω δὲ τῷ Εὐφράτῃ καὶ τοῖς ἐντὸς τοῦ Εὐφράτου σκηνίταις Ἄραψι· πρὸς δὲ νότον τῇ εὐδαίμονι Ἀραβίᾳ καὶ τῇ Αἰγύπτῳ· πρὸς δύσιν δὲ τῷ Αἰγυπτίῳ τε καὶ Συριακῷ πελάγει μέχρι Ἰσσοῦ.
Syria is bounded on the north by Cilicia and Amanus; and the distance from the sea to the bridge of the Euphrates, which defines the said side, is not less than four hundred stadia; on the east by the Euphrates and the tent-dwelling Arabs on this side of the Euphrates; on the south by Arabia Felix and Egypt; and on the west by the Egyptian and Syrian Sea as far as Issus.
§16.2.2μέρη δʼ αὐτῆς τίθεμεν ἀπὸ τῆς Κιλικίας ἀρξάμενοι καὶ τοῦ Ἀμανοῦ τήν τε Κομμαγηνὴν καὶ τὴν Σελευκίδα καλουμένην τῆς Συρίας, ἔπειτα τὴν κοίλην Συρίαν, τελευταίαν δʼ ἐν μὲν τῇ παραλίᾳ τὴν Φοινίκην, ἐν δὲ τῇ μεσογαίᾳ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν.
We set down its parts, beginning from Cilicia and Amanus, as Commagene and the part of Syria called Seleucis, then Coele-Syria, and finally, on the coast, Phoenicia, and in the interior, Judaea.
ἔνιοι δὲ τὴν Συρίαν ὅλην εἴς τε Κοιλοσύρους καὶ Φοίνικας διελόντες τούτοις ἀναμεμῖχθαί φασι τέτταρα ἔθνη, Ἰουδαίους Ἰδουμαίους Γαζαίους Ἀζωτίους, γεωργικοὺς μέν, ὡς τοὺς Σύρους καὶ Κοιλοσύρους, ἐμπορικοὺς δέ, ὡς τοὺς Φοίνικας.
But some, having divided the whole of Syria into Coele-Syrians and Phoenicians, say that four nations are mixed with these, namely, Judaeans, Idumaeans, Gazaeans, and Azotians, who are agriculturalists like the Syrians and Coele-Syrians, but merchants like the Phoenicians.
§16.2.3καθόλου μὲν οὕτω, καθʼ ἕκαστα δὲ ἡ Κομμαγηνὴ μικρά τίς ἐστιν· ἔχει δʼ ἐρυμνὴν πόλιν Σαμόσατα ἐν ᾗ τὸ βασίλειον ὑπῆρχε, νῦν δʼ ἐπαρχία γέγονε· χώρα δὲ περίκειται σφόδρα εὐδαίμων, ὀλίγη.
In general, then, it is thus; but in detail, Commagene is a small country; it has Samosata, a fortified city where the royal palace used to be, but now it has become a province; and a very fertile but small country surrounds it.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ νῦν ἐστι τὸ ζεῦγμα τοῦ Εὐφράτου· κατὰ τοῦτο δὲ Σελεύκεια ἵδρυται φρούριον τῆς Μεσοποταμίας προσωρισμένον ὑπὸ Πομπηίου τῷ Κομμαγηνῷ, ἐν ᾧ τὴν Σελήνην ἐπικληθεῖσαν Κλεοπάτραν Τιγράνης ἀνεῖλε, καθείρξας χρόνον τινὰ ἡνίκα τῆς Συρίας ἐξέπεσεν.
And here is now the bridge of the Euphrates; and opposite this is situated Seleucia, a fortress of Mesopotamia, which was annexed by Pompey to Commagene, where Tigranes put to death Cleopatra, surnamed Selene, after having imprisoned her for some time when she was expelled from Syria.
§16.2.4̔η δὲ Σελευκὶς ἀρίστη μέν ἐστι τῶν λεχθεισῶν μερίδων, καλεῖται δὲ τετράπολις καὶ ἔστι κατὰ τὰς ἐξεχούσας ἐν αὐτῇ πόλεις, ἐπεὶ πλείους γέ εἰσι, μέγισται δὲ τέτταρες, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ καὶ Σελεύκεια ἡ ἐν Πιερίᾳ καὶ Ἀπάμεια δὲ καὶ Λαοδίκεια, αἵπερ καὶ ἐλέγοντο ἀλλήλων ἀδελφαὶ διὰ τὴν ὁμόνοιαν, Σελεύκου τοῦ Νικάτορος κτίσματα· ἡ μὲν οὖν μεγίστη τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπώνυμος, ἡ δʼ ἐρυμνοτάτη αὐτοῦ, αἱ δʼ ἄλλαι ἡ μὲν Ἀπάμεια τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ Ἀπάμας, ἡ δὲ Λαοδίκεια τῆς μητρός.
And Seleucis is the best of the said divisions; it is called Tetrapolis and is so named after the outstanding cities in it, since there are indeed more, but the largest are four: Antioch on Daphne, Seleucia in Pieria, Apameia, and Laodiceia, which were also called sisters of one another because of their concord, being foundations of Seleucus Nicator; now the largest was named after his father, the most fortified after himself, and of the others, Apameia after his wife Apama, and Laodiceia after his mother.
οἰκείως δὲ τῇ τετραπόλει καὶ εἰς σατραπείας διῄρητο τέτταρας ἡ Σελευκίς, ὥς φησι Ποσειδώνιος, εἰς ὅσας καὶ ἡ κοίλη Συρία, * εἰς μίαν δʼ ἡ Μεσοποταμία.
And appropriately to the Tetrapolis, Seleucis was also divided into four satrapies, as Poseidonius says, into as many as Coele-Syria, and Mesopotamia into one.
ἔστι δʼ ἡ μὲν Ἀντιόχεια καὶ αὕτη τετράπολις, ἐκ τεττάρων συνεστῶσα μερῶν· τετείχισται δὲ καὶ κοινῷ τείχει καὶ ἰδίῳ καθʼ ἕκαστον τὸ κτίσμα· τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον αὐτῶν ὁ Νικάτωρ συνῴκισε μεταγαγὼν ἐκ τῆς Ἀντιγονείας τοὺς οἰκήτορας, ἣν πλησίον ἐτείχισεν Ἀντίγονος ὁ Φιλίππου μικρὸν πρότερον, τὸ δὲ δεύτερον τοῦ πλήθους τῶν οἰκητόρων ἐστὶ κτίσμα, τὸ δὲ τρίτον Σελεύκου τοῦ Καλλινίκου, τὸ δὲ τέταρτον Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Ἐπιφανοῦς.
And Antioch is also itself a tetrapolis, consisting of four parts; and it is walled both with a common wall and with a private wall for each foundation; now the first of them Nicator settled by transferring the inhabitants from Antigoneia, which Antigonus the son of Philip had walled near by a little before, the second is a foundation of the multitude of inhabitants, the third of Seleucus Callinicus, and the fourth of Antiochus Epiphanes.
§16.2.5καὶ δὴ καὶ μητρόπολίς ἐστιν αὕτη τῆς Συρίας, καὶ τὸ βασίλειον ἐνταῦθα ἵδρυτο τοῖς ἄρχουσι τῆς χώρας· οὐ πολύ τε λείπεται καὶ δυνάμει καὶ μεγέθει Σελευκείας τῆς ἐπὶ τῷ Τίγρει καὶ Ἀλεξανδρείας τῆς πρὸς Αἰγύπτῳ.
And indeed this is the metropolis of Syria, and the palace was established there for the rulers of the country; and it falls little short in both power and size of Seleucia on the Tigris and Alexandria near Egypt.
συνῴκισε δʼ ὁ Νικάτωρ ἐνταῦθα καὶ τοὺς ἀπογόνους Τριπτολέμου, περὶ οὗ μικρὸν πρόσθεν ἐμνήσθημεν· διόπερ Ἀντιοχεῖς ὡς ἥρωα τιμῶσι, καὶ ἄγουσιν ἑορτὴν ἐν τῷ Κασίῳ ὄρει τῷ περὶ Σελεύκειαν.
And Nicator also settled there the descendants of Triptolemus, of whom we made mention a little before; wherefore the Antiochians honor him as a hero, and hold a festival on Mount Casius near Seleucia.
φασὶ δʼ αὐτὸν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων πεμφθέντα ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰοῦς ζήτησιν, ἐν Τύρῳ πρῶτον ἀφανοῦς γενηθείσης, πλανᾶσθαι κατὰ τὴν Κιλικίαν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ τινας Ἀργείων κτίσαι τὴν Ταρσὸν ἀπελθόντας παρʼ αὐτοῦ· τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους συνακολουθήσαντας εἰς τὴν ἑξῆς παραλίαν, ἀπογνόντας τῆς ζητήσεως ἐν τῇ ποταμίᾳ τοῦ Ὀρόντου καταμεῖναι σὺν αὐτῷ· τὸν μὲν οὖν υἱὸν τοῦ Τριπτολέμου Γόρδυν ἔχοντά τινας τῶν σὺν τῷ πατρὶ λαῶν εἰς τὴν Γορδυαίαν ἀποικῆσαι, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τοὺς ἀπογόνους συνοίκους γενέσθαι τοῖς Ἀντιοχεῦσιν.
And they say that he, having been sent by the Argives in search of Io, who had first disappeared at Tyre, wandered through Cilicia; and there some of the Argives with him, having departed from him, founded Tarsus; while the others who followed him to the next coast, having despaired of the search, remained with him in the river-land of the Orontes; now the son of Triptolemus, Gordys, with some of the people who were with his father, emigrated to Gordyaea, while the descendants of the others became co-inhabitants with the Antiochians.