§15.3.7εἶτʼ εἰς Πασαργάδας ἧκε· καὶ τοῦτο δʼ ἦν βασίλειον ἀρχαῖον.
Then he came to Pasargadae; and this also was an ancient palace.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὸν Κύρου τάφον εἶδεν ἐν παραδείσῳ, πύργον οὐ μέγαν, τῷ δάσει τῶν δένδρων ἐναποκεκρυμμένον, κάτω μὲν στερεὸν ἄνω δὲ στέγην ἔχοντα καὶ σηκὸν στενὴν τελέως ἔχοντα τὴν εἴσοδον, διʼ ἧς παρελθεῖν εἴσω φησὶν Ἀριστόβουλος κελεύσαντος τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ κοσμῆσαι τὸν τάφον·
There he also saw the tomb of Cyrus in a park, a tower of no great size, concealed within the dense growth of the trees, solid below, but having a roof above and a chamber with an entry that was exceedingly narrow, through which Aristobulus says he went inside by order of the king and decorated the tomb.
ἰδεῖν δὲ κλίνην τε χρυσῆν καὶ τράπεζαν σὺν ἐκπώμασι καὶ πύελον χρυσῆν καὶ ἐσθῆτα πολλὴν κόσμον τε λιθοκόλλητον· κατὰ μὲν οὖν τὴν πρώτην ἐπιδημίαν ταῦτʼ ἰδεῖν, ὕστερον δὲ συληθῆναι, καὶ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα ἐκκομισθῆναι τὴν δὲ κλίνην θραυσθῆναι μόνον καὶ τὴν πύελον, μεταθέντων τὸν νεκρόν, διʼ οὗ δῆλον γενέσθαι διότι προνομευτῶν ἔργον ἦν, οὐχὶ τοῦ σατράπου, καταλιπόντων ἃ μὴ δυνατὸν ἦν ῥᾳδίως ἐκκομίσαι· συμβῆναι δὲ ταῦτα, καίπερ φυλακῆς περικειμένης Μάγων, σίτισιν λαμβανόντων καθʼ ἡμέραν πρόβατον, διὰ μηνὸς δʼ ἵππον.
And he says he saw a golden couch, a table with drinking-cups, a golden tub, and a large quantity of clothing and ornaments set with precious stones; that on his first visit he saw these things, but that later the tomb was plundered, and while the other things were carried off, the couch and the tub were only broken, the corpse having been removed, from which fact it became clear that it was the work of plunderers, and not of the satrap, since they left behind what could not easily be carried off; and that this happened, although a guard of Magi was stationed around it, who received for their maintenance a sheep every day and a horse every month.
ἀλλʼ ὁ ἐκτοπισμὸς τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου στρατιᾶς εἰς Βάκτρα καὶ Ἰνδοὺς πολλά τε ἄλλα νεωτερισθῆναι παρεσκεύασε, καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦθʼ ἓν τῶν νεωτερισθέντων ὑπῆρξεν.
But the departure of Alexander's army to Bactra and India caused many other innovations to be made, and indeed this also was one of the innovations that occurred.
οὕτω μὲν οὖν Ἀριστόβουλος εἴρηκε, καὶ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα δὲ ἀπομνημονεύει τοῦτο
ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ἐγὼ Κῦρός εἰμι, ὁ τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῖς Πέρσαις κτησάμενος καὶ τῆς Ἀσίας βασιλεύς· μὴ οὖν φθονήσῃς μοι τοῦ μνήματος. Ὀνησίκριτος δὲ τὸν μὲν πύργον δεκάστεγον εἴρηκε· καὶ ἐν μὲν τῇ ἀνωτάτω στέγῃ κεῖσθαι τὸν Κῦρον· ἐπίγραμμα δʼ εἶναι Ἑλληνικόν, Περσικοῖς κεχαραγμένον γράμμασιν
ἐνθάδʼ ἐγὼ κεῖμαι Κῦρος βασιλεὺς βασιλήων. καὶ ἄλλο περσίζον πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν νοῦν.
Thus Aristobulus has spoken, and he also records this inscription: "O man, I am Cyrus, who acquired the empire for the Persians and was king of Asia; do not therefore grudge me this monument." Onesicritus, however, says that the tower was ten-storeyed, and that Cyrus lay in the uppermost storey, and that there was a Greek inscription engraved in Persian characters: "Here I lie, Cyrus, king of kings." And there was another inscription in the Persian tongue with the same meaning.
§15.3.8μέμνηται δʼ Ὀνησίκριτος καὶ τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ Δαρείου τάφῳ γράμμα τόδε
φίλος ἦν τοῖς φίλοις· ἱππεὺς καὶ τοξότης ἄριστος ἐγενόμην· κυνηγῶν ἐκράτουν· πάντα ποιεῖν ἠδυνάμην. Ἄριστος δʼ ὁ Σαλαμίνιος πολὺ μέν ἐστι νεώτερος τούτων, λέγει δὲ δίστεγον τὸν πύργον καὶ μέγαν, ἐν δὲ τῇ Περσῶν διαδοχῇ ἱδρῦσθαι, φυλάττεσθαι δὲ τὸν τάφον· ἐπίγραμμα δὲ τὸ λεχθὲν Ἑλληνικὸν καὶ ἄλλο Περσικὸν πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν νοῦν.
Onesicritus also records this inscription on the tomb of Darius: "I was a friend to my friends; I was the best horseman and bowman; I excelled in hunting; I was able to do all things." Aristus of Salamis, however, is much later than these writers, but he says that the tower was two-storeyed and large, and was erected during the succession of the Persians, and that the tomb was guarded; and that there was the Greek inscription mentioned above, and another in Persian with the same meaning.
τοὺς δὲ Πασαργάδας ἐτίμησε Κῦρος, ὅτι τὴν ὑστάτην μάχην ἐνίκησεν Ἀστυάγην ἐνταῦθα τὸν Μῆδον, καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς Ἀσίας μετήνεγκεν εἰς ἑαυτὸν καὶ πόλιν ἔκτισε καὶ βασίλειον κατεσκεύασε τῆς νίκης μνημεῖον.
Cyrus honoured Pasargadae because he won the last battle against Astyages the Mede there, and transferred the empire of Asia to himself, and built a city and constructed a palace as a monument of his victory.
§15.3.9πάντα δὲ τὰ ἐν τῇ Περσίδι χρήματα ἐξεσκευάσατο εἰς τὰ Σοῦσα καὶ αὐτὰ θησαυρῶν καὶ κατασκευῆς μεστά· οὐδὲ τοῦθʼ ἡγεῖτο τὸ βασίλειον, ἀλλὰ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα, καὶ διενοεῖτο ταύτην προσκατασκευάζειν· κἀνταῦθα δʼ ἔκειντο θησαυροί.
Alexander carried off all the treasures in Persis to Susa, which itself was also full of treasures and equipment; yet he did not consider Susa to be his chief royal palace, but rather Babylon, which he intended to build up further; and there also treasures were stored.
φασὶ δὲ χωρὶς τῶν ἐν Βαβυλῶνι καὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ τῶν παρὰ ταῦτα μὴ ληφθέντων αὐτὰ τὰ ἐν Σούσοις καὶ τὰ ἐν Περσίδι τέτταρας μυριάδας ταλάντων ἐξετασθῆναι· τινὲς δὲ καὶ πέντε λέγουσιν·
And they say that, apart from those in Babylon and those in the camp, which latter were not included in these, the treasures in Susa and Persis alone were valued at forty thousand talents; some, however, say fifty thousand.
ἄλλοι δὲ πάντα πάντοθεν συναχθῆναι παραδεδώκασιν εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ὀκτωκαίδεκα μυριάδας ταλάντων· τὰ δὲ Δαρείῳ φυγόντι ἐκ τῆς Μηδίας συνεκκομισθέντα τάλαντα ὀκτακισχίλια διήρπασαν οἱ δολοφονήσαντες αὐτόν.
But others have recorded that all the treasures from everywhere were collected and brought to Ecbatana, amounting to one hundred and eighty thousand talents; and the eight thousand talents which Darius carried with him when he fled from Media were plundered by those who assassinated him.
§15.3.10τὴν γοῦν Βαβυλῶνα ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος προέκρινεν ὁρῶν καὶ τῷ μεγέθει πολὺ ὑπερβάλλουσαν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις.
At all events, Alexander preferred Babylon, seeing that it far surpassed the others both in size and in other respects.
εὐδαίμων δʼ οὖσα ἡ Σουσὶς ἔκπυρον τὸν ἀέρα ἔχει καυματηρὸν καὶ μάλιστα τὸν περὶ τὴν πόλιν, ὥς φησιν * ἐκεῖνος· τὰς γοῦν σαύρας καὶ τοὺς ὄφεις θέρους ἀκμάζοντος τοῦ ἡλίου κατὰ μεσημβρίαν διαβῆναι μὴ φθάνειν τὰς ὁδοὺς τὰς ἐν τῇ πόλει, ἀλλʼ ἐν μέσαις περιφλέγεσθαι, ὅπερ τῆς Περσίδος μηδαμοῦ συμβαίνειν καίπερ νοτιωτέρας οὔσης· λουτρὰ δὲ ψυχρὰ προτεθέντα ἐκθερμαίνεσθαι παραχρῆμα, τὰς δὲ κριθὰς διασπαρείσας εἰς τὸν ἥλιον ἅλλεσθαι καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς ἰπνοῖς τὰς κάχρυς·
Now, although Susis is fertile, it has a burning and hot atmosphere, especially around the city, as that writer says; at any rate, during the height of summer at midday, the lizards and snakes cannot succeed in crossing the streets in the city, but are burnt to death in the middle of them, a thing which never happens anywhere in Persis, although it lies further south; and cold baths set out in the sun are heated immediately, and barley scattered in the sun leaps up just like parched barley in ovens.
διὸ καὶ ταῖς στέγαις ἐπὶ δύο πήχεις γῆν ἐπιτίθεσθαι, ὑπὸ δὲ τοῦ βάρους ἀναγκάζεσθαι στενοὺς μὲν μακροὺς δὲ ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς οἴκους, ἀπορουμένους μακρῶν μὲν δοκῶν δεομένους δὲ μεγάλων οἴκων διὰ τὸ πνῖγος.
For this reason, people put earth to the depth of two cubits on their roofs, and because of the weight they are forced to make their houses narrow and long, since they are at a loss for long beams and yet need large houses on account of the suffocating heat.
ἴδιον δέ τι πάσχειν τὴν φοινικίνην δοκόν· στερεὰν γὰρ οὖσαν, παλαιουμένην οὐκ εἰς τὸ κάτω τὴν ἔνδοσιν λαμβάνειν, ἀλλʼ εἰς τὸ ἄνω μέρος κυρτοῦσθαι τῷ βάρει καὶ βέλτιον ἀνέχειν τὴν ὀροφήν.
And the palm beam has a peculiar property; for, being solid, as it grows old it does not give way downwards, but curves upwards under the weight and supports the roof better.
αἴτιον δὲ τῶν καυμάτων λέγεται τὸ ὑπερκεῖσθαι πρὸς ἄρκτον ὄρη ὑψηλὰ τὰ προεκδεχόμενα ἅπαντας τοὺς βορείους ἀνέμους· ὑπερπετεῖς δὴ πνέοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκρωτηρίων μετέωροί τε τῶν πεδίων οὐ προσάπτονται, ἀλλὰ παρελαύνουσιν εἰς τὰ νοτιώτερα τῆς Σουσίδος· αὕτη δὲ νηνεμίαις κατέχεται, καὶ μάλιστα τότε ἡνίκα ἐτησίαι τὴν ἄλλην γῆν καταψύχουσιν ἐκκαομένην ὑπὸ τῶν καυμάτων.
The cause of the heat is said to be the fact that high mountains lie to the north, which intercept all the northern winds; for these, blowing over the peaks, pass high above the plains without touching them, and blow on to the regions further south than Susis; and Susis is possessed by calm weather, and especially at the very time when the Etesian winds cool the rest of the earth which is parched by the heat.