§15.3.11πολύσιτος δʼ ἄγαν ἐστὶν ὥστε ἑκατοντάχουν διʼ ὁμαλοῦ καὶ κριθὴν καὶ πυρὸν ἐκτρέφειν, ἔστι δʼ ὅτε καὶ διακοσιοντάχουν· διόπερ οὐδὲ πυκνὰς τὰς αὔλακας τέμνουσι· πυκνούμεναι γὰρ κωλύουσιν αἱ ῥίζαι τὴν βλάστην.
This country is extremely fertile in grain, so that on level ground it yields both barley and wheat a hundredfold, and sometimes even two hundredfold; for this reason they do not even make the furrows close together, for the roots, when crowded, prevent the growth of the sprouts.
τὴν δʼ ἄμπελον οὐ φυομένην πρότερον Μακεδόνες κατεφύτευσαν κἀκεῖ καὶ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι, οὐ ταφρεύοντες ἀλλὰ παττάλους κατασεσιδηρωμένους ἐξ ἄκρων πήττοντες, εἶτʼ ἐξαιροῦντες, ἀντὶ δʼ αὐτῶν τὰ κλήματα καθιέντες εὐθέως.
And the vine, which did not grow there before, the Macedonians planted both there and in Babylon, not by digging trenches, but by driving in pegs iron-shod at the tips, then drawing them out, and immediately letting down the cuttings in their place.
ἡ μὲν δὴ μεσόγαια τοιαύτη· ἡ δὲ παραλία τεναγώδης ἐστὶ καὶ ἀλίμενος·
Now the interior is of this character; but the coast is swampy and harbourless.
διὰ τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ φησὶν ὁ Νέαρχος μηδὲ καθοδηγῶν ἐπιχωρίων τυγχάνειν ἡνίκα τῷ στόλῳ παρέπλει πρὸς τὴν Βαβυλωνίαν ἐκ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς, ὅτι προσόρμους οὐκ εἶχεν, οὐδʼ ἀνθρώπων εὐπορεῖν οἷός τʼ ἦν τῶν ἡγησομένων κατʼ ἐμπειρίαν.
At all events, for this reason Nearchus says that he did not even meet with any local guides when he was sailing along with his fleet to Babylonia from India, because he had no anchorage, nor was he able to find a supply of men who could guide them from experience.
§15.3.12γειτνιᾷ δὲ τῇ Σουσίδι τῆς Βαβυλωνίας ἡ Σιτακηνὴ μὲν πρότερον Ἀπολλωνιᾶτις δὲ ὕστερον προσαγορευθεῖσα.
Sitacene, which was formerly called Apolloniatis, a part of Babylonia, borders on Susis.
ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων δʼ ὑπέρκεινται ἀμφοῖν πρὸς ἕω Ἐλυμαῖοί τε καὶ Παραιτακηνοί, λῃστρικοὶ ἄνδρες καὶ ὀρεινῇ τραχείᾳ πεποιθότες· μᾶλλον δʼ οἱ Παραιτακηνοὶ τοῖς Ἀπολλωνιάταις ἐπίκεινται, ὥστε καὶ χεῖρον ἐκείνους διατιθέασιν.
To the north, Elymaei and Paraetaceni lie above both these countries towards the east, predatory peoples who rely on their rugged mountains; but the Paraetaceni lie more directly upon the Apolloniatae, and therefore treat them even worse.
οἱ δὲ Ἐλυμαῖοι κἀκείνοις καὶ τοῖς Σουσίοις, τούτοις δὲ καὶ οἱ Οὔξιοι προσπολεμοῦσιν· ἧττον δὲ νῦν, ὡς εἰκός, διὰ τὴν τῶν Παρθυαίων ἰσχύν, ὑφʼ οἷς εἰσιν ἅπαντες οἱ ταύτῃ.
The Elymaei are at war both with these and with the Susians, and the Uxians also fight against the latter; but less so now, as is natural, on account of the power of the Parthians, under whose rule are all the peoples in this region.
εὖ μὲν οὖν πραττόντων ἐκείνων, εὖ πράττουσιν ἅπαντες καὶ οἱ ὑπήκοοι αὐτῶν· στασιαζόντων δέ, ὅπερ συμβαίνει πολλάκις, καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, ἄλλοτʼ ἄλλως συμβαίνει καὶ οὐ τὰ αὐτὰ πᾶσι· τοῖς μὲν γὰρ συνήνεγκεν ἡ ταραχή, τοῖς δὲ παρὰ γνώμην ἀπήντησεν.
Therefore, when the Parthians prosper, all their subjects prosper too; but when they are in rebellion, which happens often, indeed even in our own time, things turn out differently at different times and not the same for all; for the confusion has brought advantage to some, but has met others contrary to their expectations.
ἡ μὲν δὴ χώρα ἥ τε Περσὶς καὶ ἡ Σουσιανὴ τοιαύτη.
Such, then, are the countries of Persis and Susiana.
§15.3.13τὰ ἔθη τὰ Περσικὰ καὶ τούτοις καὶ Μήδοις τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ ἄλλοις πλείοσι, περὶ ὧν εἰρήκασι μὲν πλείους, τὰ δὲ καίρια καὶ ἡμῖν λεκτέον.
The Persian customs are the same for these and the Medes and several others, concerning which many have spoken, but we must also state the essential points.
Πέρσαι τοίνυν ἀγάλματα μὲν καὶ βωμοὺς οὐχ ἱδρύονται, θύουσι δʼ ἐν ὑψηλῷ τόπῳ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἡγούμενοι Δία· τιμῶσι δὲ καὶ ἥλιον, ὃν καλοῦσι Μίθρην, καὶ σελήνην καὶ Ἀφροδίτην καὶ πῦρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀνέμους καὶ ὕδωρ·
Now, the Persians do not erect statues and altars, but they offer sacrifice on a high place, regarding the heavens as Zeus; they also worship the sun, whom they call Mithres, and the moon, and Aphrodite, and fire, and earth, and winds, and water.
θύουσι δʼ ἐν καθαρῷ τόπῳ κατευξάμενοι παραστησάμενοι τὸ ἱερεῖον ἐστεμμένον·
And they sacrifice in a clean place, offering prayer after placing the victim, crowned with wreaths, beside them.
μελίσαντος δὲ τοῦ Μάγου τὰ κρέα τοῦ ὑφηγουμένου τὴν ἱερουργίαν ἀπίασι διελόμενοι, τοῖς θεοῖς οὐδὲν ἀπονείμαντες μέρος· τῆς γὰρ ψυχῆς φασι τοῦ ἱερείου δεῖσθαι τὸν θεόν, ἄλλου δὲ οὐδενός· ὅμως δὲ τοῦ ἐπίπλου τι μικρὸν τιθέασιν, ὡς λέγουσί τινες, ἐπὶ τὸ πῦρ.
And when the Magus who directs the sacred rite has cut the meat into portions, they divide it and depart, assigning no portion to the gods; for they say that the god needs only the soul of the victim, and nothing else; nevertheless, they place a small portion of the omentum on the fire, as some say.
§15.3.14διαφερόντως δὲ τῷ πυρὶ καὶ τῷ ὕδατι θύουσι, τῷ μὲν πυρί, προστιθέντες ξηρὰ ξύλα τοῦ λέπους χωρὶς πιμελὴν ἐπιτιθέντες ἄνωθεν· εἶθʼ ὑφάπτουσιν ἔλαιον καταχέοντες, οὐ φυσῶντες ἀλλὰ ῥιπίζοντες· τοὺς δὲ φυσήσαντας ἢ νεκρὸν ἐπὶ πῦρ θέντας ἢ βόλβιτον θανατοῦσι·
They sacrifice to fire and water in a different manner; to fire, by adding dry wood without the bark, placing fat on top; then they kindle it from below, pouring oil over it, not blowing on it but fanning it; and those who blow on it, or place a corpse or dung on the fire, they put to death.
τῷ δʼ ὕδατι, ἐπὶ λίμνην ἢ ποταμὸν ἢ κρήνην ἐλθόντες, βόθρον ὀρύξαντες εἰς τοῦτον σφαγιάζονται, φυλαττόμενοι μή τι τοῦ πλησίον ὕδατος αἱμαχθείη, ὡς μιανοῦντες·
To water, they go to a lake or river or spring, and having dug a trench, they slaughter the victim into it, taking care lest any of the neighbouring water be defiled with blood, as they would thus pollute it.
εἶτʼ ἐπὶ μυρρίνην ἢ δάφνην διαθέντες τὰ κρέα ῥάβδοις λεπτοῖς * ἐφάπτονται οἱ Μάγοι καὶ ἐπᾴδουσιν, ἀποσπένδοντες ἔλαιον ὁμοῦ γάλακτι καὶ μέλιτι κεκραμένον οὐκ εἰς πῦρ οὐδʼ ὕδωρ, ἀλλʼ εἰς τοὔδαφος· τὰς δʼ ἐπῳδὰς ποιοῦνται πολὺν χρόνον ῥάβδων μυρικίνων λεπτῶν δέσμην κατέχοντες.
Then, having laid the meat on myrtle or laurel leaves, the Magi touch it with thin rods and chant, pouring a libation of oil mixed with milk and honey, not into the fire or water, but upon the ground; and they chant their incantations for a long time, holding a bundle of thin tamarisk rods.