§15.3.15ἐν δὲ τῇ Καππαδοκίᾳ (πολὺ γὰρ ἐκεῖ τὸ τῶν Μάγων φῦλον, οἳ καὶ πύραιθοι καλοῦνται· πολλὰ δὲ καὶ τῶν Περσικῶν θεῶν ἱερά), οὐδὲ μαχαίρᾳ θύουσιν, ἀλλὰ κορμῷ τινι ὡς ἂν ὑπέρῳ τύπτοντες.
In Cappadocia (for there the sect of the Magi is large, who are also called Pyraethi; and there are also many temples of the Persian gods), they do not even sacrifice with a knife, but by striking with a kind of log as if with a pestle.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ πυραιθεῖα, σηκοί τινες ἀξιόλογοι· ἐν δὲ τούτοις μέσοις βωμός, ἐν ᾧ πολλή τε σποδός, καὶ πῦρ ἄσβεστον φυλάττουσιν οἱ Μάγοι· καὶ καθʼ ἡμέραν δὲ εἰσιόντες, ἐπᾴδουσιν ὥραν σχεδόν τι πρὸ τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν δέσμην τῶν ῥάβδων ἔχοντες, τιάρας περικείμενοι πιλωτὰς καθεικυίας ἑκατέρωθεν μέχρι τοῦ καλύπτειν τὰ χείλη τὰς παραγναθίδας.
There are also fire-temples, certain noteworthy sanctuaries; in the midst of these is an altar, in which there is much ash, and the Magi keep the fire inextinguishable; and entering daily, they chant for about an hour before the fire, holding the bundle of rods, wearing felt tiaras which let down their cheek-pieces on both sides so as to cover their lips.
ταὐτὰ δʼ ἐν τοῖς τῆς Ἀναΐτιδος καὶ τοῦ Ὠμάνου ἱεροῖς νενόμισται· τούτων δὲ καὶ σηκοί εἰσι, καὶ ξόανον τοῦ Ὠμάνου πομπεύει.
These same things are customary in the temples of Anaitis and Omanus; of these too there are sanctuaries, and a wooden image of Omanus goes in procession.
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς ἑωράκαμεν, ἐκεῖνα δʼ ἐν ταῖς ἱστορίαις λέγεται καὶ τὰ ἐφεξῆς.
These things, then, we ourselves have seen, but those other things are related in history books, and what follows.
§15.3.16εἰς γὰρ ποταμὸν οὔτʼ οὐροῦσιν οὔτε νίπτονται Πέρσαι, οὐδὲ λούονται, οὐδὲ νεκρὸν ἐμβάλλουσιν οὐδʼ ἄλλα τῶν δοκούντων εἶναι μυσαρῶν· ὅτῳ δʼ ἂν θύσωσι θεῷ, πρώτῳ τῷ πυρὶ εὔχονται.
For the Persians neither urinate nor wash themselves, nor bathe, nor cast a corpse or other things that are deemed defiling into a river; and to whatever god they sacrifice, they pray first to fire.
§15.3.17βασιλεύονται δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀπὸ γένους· ὁ δʼ ἀπειθῶν ἀποτμηθεὶς κεφαλὴν καὶ βραχίονα ῥίπτεται.
They are ruled by kings of the royal race; and he who is disobedient has his head and one arm cut off and is cast away.
γαμοῦσι δὲ πολλὰς καὶ ἅμα παλλακὰς τρέφουσι πλείους πολυτεκνίας χάριν.
They marry many wives, and at the same time keep more concubines for the sake of having many children.
τιθέασι δὲ καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἆθλα πολυτεκνίας κατʼ ἔτος· τὰ δὲ τρεφόμενα μέχρι ἐτῶν τεττάρων οὐκ ἄγεται τοῖς γονεῦσιν εἰς ὄψιν.
The kings also set prizes for having many children every year; and those being reared are not brought into the sight of their parents until they are four years old.
οἱ δὲ γάμοι κατὰ τὰς ἀρχὰς τῆς ἐαρινῆς ἰσημερίας ἐπιτελοῦνται παρέρχεται δʼ ἐπὶ τὸν θάλαμον προφαγὼν μῆλον ἢ καμήλου μυελόν, ἄλλο δʼ οὐδὲν τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην.
Marriages are celebrated at the beginning of the spring equinox; and the bridegroom goes to the bridal chamber, having first eaten an apple or camel's marrow, but nothing else on that day.
§15.3.18Ἀπὸ δὲ πέντε ἐτῶν ἕως τετάρτου καὶ εἰκοστοῦ παιδεύονται τοξεύειν καὶ ἀκοντίζειν καὶ ἱππάζεσθαι καὶ ἀληθεύειν, διδασκάλοις τε λόγων τοῖς σωφρονεστάτοις χρῶνται, οἳ καὶ τὸ μυθῶδες πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον ἀνάγοντες παραπλέκουσι, καὶ μέλους χωρὶς καὶ μετʼ ᾠδῆς ἔργα θεῶν τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν τῶν ἀρίστων ἀναδιδόντες.
From five years of age to twenty-four they are trained to shoot with the bow, to throw the javelin, to ride, and to tell the truth, and they use the most temperate men as teachers of discourses, who also interweave myth, bringing it back to what is useful, and deliver the deeds of both gods and the best of men, both without melody and with song.
συνάγουσι δʼ εἰς ἕνα τόπον, ψόφῳ χαλκοῦ πρὸ ὄρθρου διεγείροντες ὡς ἐπὶ ἐξοπλισίαν ἢ θήραν· τάξαντες δʼ ἀνὰ πεντήκοντα ἡγεμόνα τῶν βασιλέως τινὰ παίδων αὐτοῖς ἢ σατράπου τρέχοντι κελεύουσιν ἕπεσθαι, χωρίον ἀφορίσαντες τριάκοντα ἢ τετταράκοντα σταδίων.
And they assemble them in one place, waking them before dawn by the sound of bronze, as if for military drill or hunting; and having arranged them in groups of fifty, they appoint one of the king's sons or a satrap's as leader over them, and command them to follow him running, having defined a distance of thirty or forty stadia.
ἀπαιτοῦσι δὲ καὶ λόγον ἑκάστου μαθήματος, ἅμα καὶ μεγαλοφωνίαν καὶ πνεῦμα καὶ πλευρὰν ἀσκοῦντες, καὶ πρὸς καῦμα δὲ καὶ πρὸς ψῦχος καὶ ὄμβρους καὶ χειμάρρων διαβάσεις ὥστʼ ἄβροχα φυλάττειν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἐσθῆτα, καὶ ποιμαίνειν δὲ καὶ ἀγραυλεῖν καὶ καρποῖς ἀγρίοις χρῆσθαι, τερμίνθῳ δρυοβαλάνοις ἀχράδι.
They also demand an account of each lesson, training at the same time their loud voice, breath, and lungs, and also against heat and cold and rains and crossings of torrents, so as to keep both arms and clothing dry, and also to tend flocks, to live in the open, and to feed on wild fruits, such as terebinth, acorns, and wild pears.
ἡ δὲ καθʼ ἡμέραν δίαιτα ἄρτος μετὰ τὸ γυμνάσιον καὶ μᾶζα καὶ κάρδαμον καὶ ἁλῶν χόνδρος καὶ κρέα ὀπτὰ ἢ ἑφθὰ ἐξ ὕδατος, ποτὸν δʼ ὕδωρ.
Their daily diet after exercise is bread, barley-cake, cardamum, a lump of salt, and roasted or boiled meat, and their drink is water.
θηρεύουσι δὲ σαύνια ἀφʼ ἵππων βάλλοντες καὶ τοξεύματα καὶ σφενδονῶντες.
They hunt by throwing javelins from horses, and with arrows, and by slinging stones.
δείλης δὲ φυτουργεῖν καὶ ῥιζοτομεῖν ἀσκοῦσι καὶ ὁπλοποιεῖν καὶ λίνα καὶ ἄρκυς φιλοτεχνεῖν.
In the evening they practice planting trees, cutting roots, making arms, and making nets and snares skillfully.
οὐχ ἅπτονται δὲ τῶν θηρευμάτων οἱ παῖδες, ἀλλὰ κομίζειν οἴκαδε ἔθος.
The boys do not touch the prey, but it is the custom to carry it home.
τίθεται δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως ἆθλα δρόμου καὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς πεντάθλοις.
Prizes for running and for the pentathlon are set by the king.
κοσμοῦνται δʼ οἱ παῖδες χρυσῷ, τὸ πυρωπὸν τιθεμένων ἐν τιμῇ· διὸ οὐδὲ νεκρῷ προσφέρουσι καθάπερ οὐδὲ τὸ πῦρ κατὰ τιμήν.
The boys are adorned with gold, since they hold the fire-like colour in honour; therefore, they do not bring it near a corpse, just as they do not bring fire, out of respect.
§15.3.19στρατεύονται δὲ καὶ ἄρχουσιν ἀπὸ εἴκοσιν ἐτῶν ἕως πεντήκοντα πεζοί τε καὶ ἱππεῖς· ἀγορᾶς δὲ οὐχ ἅπτονται· οὔτε γὰρ πωλοῦσιν οὔτʼ ὠνοῦνται.
They serve in the army and hold office from twenty to fifty years of age, both as infantry and cavalry; they do not touch the market-place, for they neither sell nor buy.
ὁπλίζονται δὲ γέρρῳ ῥομβοειδεῖ, παρὰ δὲ τὰς φαρέτρας σαγάρεις ἔχουσι καὶ κοπίδας, περὶ δὲ τῇ κεφαλῇ πίλημα πυργωτόν, θώραξ δʼ ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς φολιδωτός.
They are armed with a rhomboidal shield, and beside their quivers they have battle-axes and cleavers, and on their heads a tower-like felt hat, and they have scaled breastplates.
ἐσθὴς δὲ τοῖς ἡγεμόσι μὲν ἀναξυρὶς τριπλῆ, χιτὼν δὲ χειριδωτὸς διπλοῦς ἕως γόνατος, ὁ ὑπενδύτης μὲν λευκός, ἄνθινος δʼ ὁ ἐπάνω· ἱμάτιον δὲ θέρους μὲν πορφυροῦν ἢ ἰάνθινον, χειμῶνος δʼ ἄνθινον, τιᾶραι παραπλήσιαι ταῖς τῶν Μάγων, ὑπόδημα κοῖλον διπλοῦν, τοῖς δὲ πολλοῖς χιτὼν ἕως μεσοκνημίου διπλοῦς, ῥάκος δὲ σινδόνιόν τι περὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ· ἔχει δʼ ἕκαστος τόξον καὶ σφενδόνην.
The clothing for the leaders is a triple trouser, and a double tunic with sleeves reaching to the knees, the undergarment being white, and the upper one flowered; their mantle is purple or violet in summer, but flowered in winter, with tiaras similar to those of the Magi, and a deep double shoe; but for the common people, a double tunic reaching to the middle of the shin, and some linen cloth wrapped around the head; and each has a bow and a sling.
δειπνοῦσι πολυτελῶς Πέρσαι τιθέντες καὶ ὁλομελῆ καὶ πολλὰ καὶ ποικίλα· κόσμος τε λαμπρὸς στρωμνῆς ἐκπωμάτων τε τῶν ἄλλων ὥστε χρυσῷ καὶ ἀργύρῳ καταλάμπεσθαι.
The Persians dine sumptuously, setting out even whole limbs, and many diverse dishes; and there is a brilliant ornament of couches and drinking cups and other things, so that they gleam with gold and silver.