§15.1.59ἄλλην δὲ διαίρεσιν ποιεῖται * περὶ τῶν φιλοσόφων, δύο γένη φάσκων, ὧν τοὺς μὲν Βραχμᾶνας καλεῖ τοὺς δὲ Γαρμᾶνας.
He makes another division concerning the philosophers, asserting that there are two kinds, of which he calls the one Brahmans, and the other Garmanes.
τοὺς μὲν οὖν Βραχμᾶνας εὐδοκιμεῖν· μᾶλλον γὰρ καὶ ὁμολογεῖν ἐν τοῖς δόγμασιν·
Now the Brahmans are more highly esteemed, for they are more in agreement in their dogmas.
ἤδη δʼ εὐθὺς καὶ κυομένους ἔχειν ἐπιμελητὰς λογίους ἄνδρας, οὓς προσιόντας λόγῳ μὲν ἐπᾴδειν δοκεῖν καὶ τὴν μητέρα καὶ τὸν κυόμενον εἰς εὐτεκνίαν, τὸ δʼ ἀληθὲς σωφρονικάς τινας παραινέσεις καὶ ὑποθήκας διδόναι· τὰς δʼ ἥδιστα ἀκροωμένας μάλιστα εὐτέκνους εἶναι νομίζεσθαι.
And already from the very moment of conception, they have as guardians wise men, who appear to approach and sing incantations, in word indeed, for the well-bearing of children both for the mother and the unborn child, but in truth they give certain sober counsels and suggestions; and those women who listen most gladly are thought to be most blessed with children.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν γένεσιν ἄλλους καὶ ἄλλους διαδέχεσθαι τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν, ἀεὶ τῆς μείζονος ἡλικίας χαριεστέρων τυγχανούσης διδασκάλων.
After birth, others and still others succeed to the guardianship, the older age always obtaining more accomplished teachers.
διατρίβειν δὲ τοὺς φιλοσόφους ἐν ἄλσει πρὸ τῆς πόλεως ὑπὸ περιβόλῳ συμμέτρῳ, λιτῶς ζῶντας ἐν στιβάσι καὶ δοραῖς, ἀπεχομένους ἐμψύχων καὶ ἀφροδισίων, ἀκροωμένους λόγων σπουδαίων, μεταδιδόντας καὶ τοῖς ἐθέλουσι· τὸν δʼ ἀκροώμενον οὔτε λαλῆσαι θέμις οὔτε χρέμψασθαι ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ πτύσαι, ἢ ἐκβάλλεσθαι τῆς συνουσίας τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην ὡς ἀκολασταίνοντα.
The philosophers pass their time in a grove in front of the city under a moderate enclosure, living frugally on couches of leaves and skins, abstaining from living things and sexual pleasures, listening to serious discourses, and sharing them with those who wish; and it is not permitted for the listener either to speak or to clear his throat or even to spit, or else he is cast out of the assembly for that day as being incontinent.
ἔτη δʼ ἑπτὰ καὶ τριάκοντα οὕτως ζήσαντα ἀναχωρεῖν εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ κτῆσιν ἕκαστον καὶ ζῆν ἀδεῶς καὶ ἀνειμένως μᾶλλον, σινδονοφοροῦντα καὶ χρυσοφοροῦντα μετρίως ἐν τοῖς ὠσὶ καὶ ταῖς χερσί, προσφερόμενον σάρκας τῶν μὴ πρὸς τὴν χρείαν συνεργῶν ζῴων, δριμέων καὶ ἀρτυτῶν ἀπεχόμενον· γαμεῖν δʼ ὅτι πλείστας εἰς πολυτεκνίαν· ἐκ πολλῶν γὰρ καὶ τὰ σπουδαῖα πλείω γίνεσθαι ἄν, ἀδουλοῦσί τε τὴν ἐκ τέκνων ὑπηρεσίαν ἐγγυτάτω οὖσαν πλείω δεῖν παρασκευάζεσθαι.
After living in this manner for thirty-seven years, each retires to his own property and lives more securely and at ease, wearing fine linen and wearing gold moderately on his ears and hands, eating the flesh of animals that do not cooperate in work, abstaining from pungent and seasoned food; and they marry as many wives as possible for the sake of having many children; for from many, more good children would be produced, and since they have no slaves, they must prepare more service, which is nearest at hand, from children.
ταῖς δὲ γυναιξὶ ταῖς γαμεταῖς μὴ συμφιλοσοφεῖν τοὺς Βραχμᾶνας, εἰ μὲν μοχθηραὶ γένοιντο, ἵνα μή τι τῶν οὐ θεμιτῶν ἐκφέροιεν εἰς τοὺς βεβήλους εἰ δὲ σπουδαῖαι, μὴ καταλείποιεν αὐτούς.
But the Brahmans do not philosophize with their wedded wives, lest, if they should be wicked, they might betray some of the forbidden things to the profane, or if they should be good, they might desert them.
οὐδένα γὰρ ἡδονῆς καὶ πόνου καταφρονοῦντα, ὡς δʼ αὕτως ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου, ἐθέλειν ὑφʼ ἑτέρῳ εἶναι· τοιοῦτον δʼ εἶναι τὸν σπουδαῖον καὶ τὴν σπουδαίαν.
For no one who despises pleasure and toil, and likewise life and death, is willing to be under another; and such is the good man and the good woman.
πλείστους δʼ αὐτοῖς εἶναι λόγους περὶ τοῦ θανάτου· νομίζειν γὰρ δὴ τὸν μὲν ἐνθάδε βίον ὡς ἂν ἀκμὴν κυομένων εἶναι, τὸν δὲ θάνατον γένεσιν εἰς τὸν ὄντως βίον καὶ τὸν εὐδαίμονα τοῖς φιλοσοφήσασι· διὸ τῇ ἀσκήσει πλείστῃ χρῆσθαι πρὸς τὸ ἑτοιμοθάνατον· ἀγαθὸν δὲ ἢ κακὸν μηδὲν εἶναι τῶν συμβαινόντων ἀνθρώποις· οὐ γὰρ ἂν τοῖς αὐτοῖς τοὺς μὲν ἄχθεσθαι τοὺς δὲ χαίρειν ἐνυπνιώδεις ὑπολήψεις ἔχοντας, καὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς τοῖς αὐτοῖς τοτὲ μὲν ἄχθεσθαι τοτὲ δʼ αὖ χαίρειν μεταβαλλομένους.
They have many discourses concerning death; for they think that the life here is like the period of conception for the unborn, but death is a birth into the true life and the happy one for those who have philosophized; wherefore they practice the greatest discipline to be ready for death; and they believe that nothing of what happens to men is good or bad; for otherwise some would not be distressed and others rejoice at the same things, having dream-like assumptions, nor would the same persons be distressed at one time and rejoice at another at the same things, changing themselves.
τὰ δὲ περὶ φύσιν τὰ μὲν εὐήθειαν ἐμφαίνειν φησίν· ἐν ἔργοις γὰρ αὐτοὺς κρείττους ἢ λόγοις εἶναι, διὰ μύθων τὰ πολλὰ πιστουμένους· περὶ πολλῶν δὲ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ὁμοδοξεῖν· ὅτι γὰρ γενητὸς ὁ κόσμος καὶ φθαρτὸς λέγειν κἀκείνους, καὶ ὅτι σφαιροειδὴς ὅ τε διοικῶν αὐτὸν καὶ ποιῶν θεὸς διʼ ὅλου διαπεφοίτηκεν αὐτοῦ· ἀρχαὶ δὲ τῶν μὲν συμπάντων ἕτεραι, τῆς δὲ κοσμοποιίας τὸ ὕδωρ· πρὸς δὲ τοῖς τέτταρσι στοιχείοις πέμπτη τις ἐστὶ φύσις, ἐξ ἧς ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ τὰ ἄστρα· γῆ δʼ ἐν μέσῳ ἵδρυται τοῦ παντός· καὶ περὶ σπέρματος δὲ καὶ ψυχῆς ὅμοια λέγεται καὶ ἄλλα πλείω· παραπλέκουσι δὲ καὶ μύθους, ὥσπερ καὶ Πλάτων περί τε ἀφθαρσίας ψυχῆς καὶ τῶν καθʼ ᾄδου κρίσεων καὶ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα.
Regarding nature, he says that some of their opinions show simplicity; for they are better in deeds than in words, confirming most things through myths; but in many things they agree with the Greeks; for they also say that the world is created and destructible, and that it is spherical, and that the god who administers and makes it has permeated through the whole of it; and that the principles of all things are different, but water is the principle of the world's creation; and in addition to the four elements there is a certain fifth nature, from which the heaven and the stars are made; and the earth is established in the middle of the universe; and similar things are said about semen and the soul, and many other things; and they also weave in myths, just as Plato does, concerning both the immortality of the soul and the judgments in Hades, and other such things.
περὶ μὲν τῶν Βραχμάνων ταῦτα λέγει.
Concerning the Brahmans, then, he says these things.