§15.1.56ἔχει μὲν οὖν καὶ ταῦτα πολλὴν ἀήθειαν πρὸς τὰ παρʼ ἡμῖν, ἔτι μέντοι μᾶλλον τὰ τοιάδε.
These matters also contain much that is strange compared to our customs, but the following things are still more so.
φησὶ γὰρ τοὺς τὸν Καύκασον οἰκοῦντας ἐν τῷ φανερῷ γυναιξὶ μίσγεσθαι καὶ σαρκοφαγεῖν τὰ τῶν συγγενῶν σώματα· πετροκυλιστὰς δʼ εἶναι κερκοπιθήκους, οἳ λίθους κατακυλίουσι κρημνοβατοῦντες ἐπὶ τοὺς διώκοντας· τά τε παρʼ ἡμῖν ἥμερα ζῷα τὰ πλεῖστα παρʼ ἐκείνοις ἄγρια εἶναι· ἵππους τε λέγει μονοκέρωτας ἐλαφοκράνους· καλάμους δέ, μῆκος μὲν τριάκοντα ὀργυιῶν τοὺς ὀρθίους, τοὺς δὲ χαμαικλινεῖς πεντήκοντα, πάχος δὲ ὥστε τὴν διάμετρον τοῖς μὲν εἶναι τρίπηχυν τοῖς δὲ διπλασίαν.
For he says that those who dwell on the Caucasus couple with women in the open, and eat the bodies of their kinsmen; and that the monkeys are roll-throwers of stones, who, climbing the precipices, roll down stones upon those who pursue them; and that most of the animals which are tame among us are wild among them; and he speaks of one-horned horses with stags' heads; and of reeds, the upright ones being thirty orguiai in length, and those lying on the ground fifty, and of such thickness that the diameter for some is three cubits and for others double that.
§15.1.57̔υπερεκπίπτων δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ μυθῶδες πεντασπιθάμους ἀνθρώπους λέγει καὶ τρισπιθάμους, ὧν τινὰς ἀμύκτηρας, ἀναπνοὰς ἔχοντας μόνον δύο ὑπὲρ τοῦ στόματος· πρὸς δὲ τοὺς τρισπιθάμους πόλεμον εἶναι ταῖς γεράνοις (ὃν καὶ Ὅμηρον δηλοῦν) καὶ τοῖς πέρδιξιν, οὓς χηνομεγέθεις εἶναι· τούτους δʼ ἐκλέγειν αὐτῶν τὰ ᾠὰ καὶ φθείρειν· ἐκεῖ γὰρ ᾠοτοκεῖν τὰς γεράνους· διόπερ μηδαμοῦ μήτʼ ᾠὰ εὑρίσκεσθαι γεράνων, μήτʼ οὖν νεόττια· πλειστάκις δʼ ἐκπίπτειν γέρανον χαλκῆν ἔχουσαν ἀκίδα ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκεῖθεν πληγμάτων.
Wandering far into the mythical, he speaks of men five spans and three spans in height, some of whom are without nostrils, having only two breathing-passages above the mouth; and that against the three-span men there is a war waged by the cranes (which Homer also indicates) and by the partridges, which are as large as geese; and that these search out and destroy their eggs, for the cranes lay eggs there, and for this reason neither eggs of cranes nor indeed young ones are found anywhere; and that very often a crane falls down containing a bronze arrowpoint from the wounds received there.
ὅμοια δὲ καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν ἐνωτοκοιτῶν καὶ τῶν ἀγρίων ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἄλλων τερατωδῶν.
Similar also are the accounts of the sleepers-in-ears, and of the wild men, and of other monstrous things.
τοὺς μὲν οὖν ἀγρίους μὴ κομισθῆναι παρὰ Σανδρόκοττον· ἀποκαρτερεῖν γάρ· ἔχειν δὲ τὰς μὲν πτέρνας πρόσθεν, τοὺς δὲ ταρσοὺς ὄπισθεν καὶ τοὺς δακτύλους.
Now the wild men, he says, were not brought to Sandrocottus, for they would die of starvation; and they have their heels in front and their insteps and toes behind.
ἀστόμους δέ τινας ἀχθῆναι ἡμέρους ἀνθρώπους· οἰκεῖν δὲ περὶ τὰς πηγὰς τοῦ Γάγγου, τρέφεσθαι δʼ ἀτμοῖς ὀπτῶν κρεῶν καὶ καρπῶν καὶ ἀνθέων ὀσμαῖς, ἀντὶ τῶν στομάτων ἔχοντας ἀναπνοάς, χαλεπαίνειν δὲ τοῖς δυσώδεσι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο περιγίνεσθαι μόλις καὶ μάλιστα ἐν στρατοπέδῳ.
And some mouthless men, who were civilized, were brought; and they dwell about the sources of the Ganges, and are sustained by the vapors of roasted meats and the odors of fruits and flowers, having breathing-passages instead of mouths, but they are greatly distressed by foul odors, and for this reason they survive with difficulty, and especially in a camp.
περὶ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων διηγεῖσθαι τοὺς φιλοσόφους, ὠκύποδάς τε ἱστοροῦντας ἵππων μᾶλλον ἀπιόντας, ἐνωτοκοίτας τε ποδήρη τὰ ὦτα ἔχοντας ὡς ἐγκαθεύδειν, ἰσχυροὺς δʼ ὥστʼ ἀνασπᾶν δένδρα καὶ ῥήττειν νευράν, μονομμάτους τε ἄλλους ὦτα μὲν ἔχοντας κυνὸς ἐν μέσῳ δὲ τῷ μετώπῳ τὸν ὀφθαλμόν, ὀρθοχαίτας, λασίους τὰ στήθη· τοὺς δὲ ἀμύκτηρας εἶναι παμφάγους ὠμοφάγους ὀλιγοχρονίους πρὸ γήρως θνήσκοντας· τοῦ δὲ στόματος τὸ ἄνω προχειλότερον εἶναι πολύ.
Concerning the others, he says that the philosophers relate them, recording swift-footed men who run away faster than horses, and sleepers-in-ears who have ears reaching down to their feet so that they sleep in them, and men so strong that they pull up trees and break bowstrings, and others who are one-eyed, having ears of a dog and the eye in the middle of the forehead, with upright hair and shaggy breasts; and that the mouthless ones are omnivorous, raw-flesh eaters, short-lived, dying before old age; and the upper part of their mouth is much more prominent than the lower.
περὶ δὲ τῶν χιλιετῶν Ὑπερβορέων τὰ αὐτὰ λέγει Σιμωνίδῃ καὶ Πινδάρῳ καὶ ἄλλοις μυθολόγοις.
Concerning the thousand-year-old Hyperboreans, he says the same things as Simonides and Pindar and other mythologists.
μῦθος δὲ καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ Τιμαγένους λεχθὲν ὅτι χαλκὸς ὕοιτο σταλαγμοῖς χαλκοῖς καὶ σύροιτο.
The story told by Timagenes is also a myth, that bronze rains down in bronze drops and is swept up.
ἐγγυτέρω δὲ πίστεώς φησιν ὁ Μεγασθένης ὅτι οἱ ποταμοὶ καταφέροιεν ψῆγμα χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ φόρος ἀπάγοιτο τῷ βασιλεῖ· τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ἐν Ἰβηρίᾳ συμβαίνει.
But Megasthenes says that it is nearer to belief that the rivers bring down gold dust, and from this a tribute is paid to the king; for this happens also in Iberia.
§15.1.58περὶ δὲ τῶν φιλοσόφων λέγων τοὺς μὲν ὀρεινοὺς αὐτῶν φησὶν ὑμνητὰς εἶναι τοῦ Διονύσου, δεικνύντας τεκμήρια τὴν ἀγρίαν ἄμπελον παρὰ μόνοις φυομένην καὶ κιττὸν καὶ δάφνην καὶ μυρρίνην καὶ πύξον καὶ ἄλλα τῶν ἀειθαλῶν, ὧν μηδὲν εἶναι πέραν Εὐφράτου πλὴν ἐν παραδείσοις σπάνια καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς ἐπιμελείας σωζόμενα.
Speaking of the philosophers, he says that those of the mountains are hymners of Dionysus, showing as evidence the wild vine growing among them alone, and ivy, laurel, myrtle, box, and other evergreens, of which nothing exists beyond the Euphrates except rarely in parks and preserved with much care.
Διονυσιακὸν δὲ καὶ τὸ σινδονοφορεῖν καὶ τὸ μιτροῦσθαι καὶ μυροῦσθαι καὶ βάπτεσθαι ἄνθινα καὶ τοὺς βασιλέας κωδωνοφορεῖσθαι καὶ τυμπανίζεσθαι κατὰ τὰς ἐξόδους.
Dionysiac also are the wearing of fine muslin, the binding of mitres, the use of perfumes, the wearing of flowered garments, and that the kings are preceded by bells and drums during their excursions.
τοὺς δὲ πεδιασίους τὸν Ἡρακλέα τιμᾶν.
But those of the plains worship Hercules.
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν μυθώδη καὶ ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἐλεγχόμενα, καὶ μάλιστα περὶ τῆς ἀμπέλου καὶ τοῦ οἴνου· πέραν γὰρ τοῦ Εὐφράτου καὶ τῆς Ἀρμενίας ἐστὶ πολλὴ καὶ ἡ Μεσοποταμία ὅλη καὶ ἡ Μηδία ἑξῆς μέχρι καὶ Περσίδος καὶ Καρμανίας· τούτων δὲ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἑκάστου πολὺ μέρος εὐάμπελον καὶ εὔοινον λέγεται.
These stories are indeed mythical and refuted by many, especially concerning the vine and the wine; for beyond the Euphrates and Armenia there is much country, and the whole of Mesopotamia, and Media next, as far as Persis and Carmania; and of each of these nations, a large part is said to be rich in vines and rich in wine.