§15.1.33̔η μὲν οὖν μεταξὺ τοῦ Ὑπάνιος καὶ τοῦ Ὑδάσπου λέγεται ἐννέα ἔχειν ἔθνη, πόλεις δὲ εἰς πεντακισχιλίας οὐκ ἐλάττους Κῶ τῆς Μεροπίδος· δοκεῖ δὲ πρὸς ὑπερβολὴν εἰρῆσθαι τὸ πλῆθος·
Now the country between the Hypanis and the Hydaspes is said to contain nine nations, and no fewer than five thousand cities, each not smaller than Cos of Meropis; but the number seems to be reported to excess.
ἡ δὲ μεταξὺ τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ὑδάσπου εἴρηται σχεδόν τι ὑφʼ ὧν οἰκεῖται τῶν ἀξίων μνήμης.
On the other hand, the country between the Indus and the Hydaspes has been described, practically in terms of those inhabitants who are worthy of mention.
κάτω δʼ ἑξῆς εἰσιν οἵ τε Σίβαι λεγόμενοι, περὶ ὧν καὶ πρότερον ἐμνήσθημεν, καὶ Μαλλοὶ καὶ Συδράκαι μεγάλα ἔθνη· καὶ Μαλλοὶ μὲν παρʼ οἷς ἀποθανεῖν ἐκινδύνευσεν Ἀλέξανδρος τρωθεὶς ἐν ἁλώσει πολίχνης τινός, Συδράκαι δὲ οὓς τοῦ Διονύσου συγγενεῖς ἔφαμεν μεμυθεῦσθαι.
Farther down in succession are the so-called Sibae, whom we mentioned before, and the Malli and the Sydracae, great nations; and among the Malli Alexander was in danger of losing his life, being wounded in the capture of a certain small town, while the Sydracae are those whom we said were mythologically called kinsmen of Dionysus.
πρὸς αὐτῇ δʼ ἤδη τῇ Παταληνῇ τήν τε τοῦ Μουσικανοῦ λέγουσι καὶ τὴν Σάβου, τὰ Σινδόμανα, καὶ ἔτι τὴν Πορτικανοῦ καὶ ἄλλων ὧν ἐκράτησεν ἁπάντων Ἀλέξανδρος, τὴν τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ παροικούντων ποταμίαν, ὑστάτης δὲ τῆς Παταληνῆς ἣν ὁ Ἰνδὸς ποιεῖ σχισθεὶς εἰς δύο προχοάς.
And close to Patalene itself they speak of the territory of Musicanus, and that of Sabus, Sindomana, and further that of Porticanus and of all the others whom Alexander conquered, who inhabit the river-country along the Indus; and last of all Patalene, which the Indus forms by dividing into two outlets.
Ἀριστόβουλος μὲν οὖν εἰς χιλίους σταδίους διέχειν ἀλλήλων φησὶν αὐτάς, Νέαρχος δʼ ὀκτακοσίους προστίθησιν, Ὀνησίκριτος δὲ τὴν πλευρὰν ἑκάστην τῆς ἀπολαμβανομένης νήσου τριγώνου τὸ σχῆμα δισχιλίων, τοῦ δὲ ποταμοῦ τὸ πλάτος καθʼ ὃ σχίζεται εἰς τὰ στόματα ὅσον διακοσίων· καλεῖ δὲ τὴν νῆσον Δέλτα καί φησιν ἴσην εἶναι τοῦ κατʼ Αἴγυπτον Δέλτα, οὐκ ἀληθὲς τοῦτο λέγων.
Aristobulus says that these outlets are a thousand stadia distant from one another, but Nearchus adds eight hundred, while Onesicritus says that each side of the triangular island thus enclosed is two thousand stadia, and the width of the river where it divides into the outlets is about two hundred; and he calls the island Delta, and says that it is equal to the Delta in Egypt, speaking what is not true.
τὸ γὰρ κατʼ Αἴγυπτον Δέλτα χιλίων καὶ τριακοσίων λέγεται σταδίων ἔχειν τὴν βάσιν, τὰς δὲ πλευρὰς ἑκατέραν ἐλάττω τῆς βάσεως.
For the Egyptian Delta is said to have a base of one thousand three hundred stadia, and each of the sides less than the base.
ἐν δὲ τῇ Παταληνῇ πόλις ἐστὶν ἀξιόλογος τὰ Πάταλα, ἀφʼ ἧς καὶ ἡ νῆσος καλεῖται.
In Patalene there is a notable city, Patala, from which the island also is called.
§15.1.34φησὶ δʼ Ὀνησίκριτος τὴν πλείστην παραλίαν τὴν ταύτῃ πολὺ τὸ τεναγῶδες ἔχειν καὶ μάλιστα κατὰ τὰ στόματα τῶν ποταμῶν διά τε τὴν χοῦν καὶ τὰς πλημμυρίδας καὶ τὸ μὴ πνεῖν ἀπογαίους ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ τῶν πελαγίων ἀνέμων κατέχεσθαι τούτους τοὺς τόπους τὸ πλέον.
And Onesicritus says that most of the coast in this region has many shallows, especially at the mouths of the rivers, because of the silt and the flood-tides, and because no land-breezes blow, but these places are for the most part held by the sea-winds.
λέγει δὲ καὶ περὶ τῆς Μουσικανοῦ χώρας ἐπὶ πλέον ἐγκωμιάζων αὐτήν, ὧν τινα κοινὰ καὶ ἄλλοις Ἰνδοῖς ἱστόρηται, ὡς τὸ μακρόβιον ὥστε καὶ τριάκοντα ἐπὶ τοῖς ἑκατὸν προσλαμβάνειν (καὶ γὰρ τοὺς Σῆρας ἔτι τούτων μακροβιωτέρους τινές φασι) καὶ τὸ λιτόβιον καὶ τὸ ὑγιεινόν, καίπερ τῆς χώρας ἀφθονίαν ἁπάντων ἐχούσης.
He also speaks at greater length about the country of Musicanus, praising it, some of which features are reported as common also to other Indians, such as longevity, so that they even reach one hundred and thirty years (for indeed some say the Seres are even longer-lived than these), and their simple way of living and healthfulness, although the country has an abundance of all things.
ἴδιον δὲ τὸ συσσίτιά τινα Λακωνικὰ αὐτοῖς εἶναι δημοσίᾳ σιτουμένων ὄψα δʼ ἐκ θήρας ἐχόντων, καὶ τὸ χρυσῷ μὴ χρῆσθαι μηδʼ ἀργύρῳ μετάλλων ὄντων, καὶ τὸ ἀντὶ δούλων τοῖς ἐν ἀκμῇ χρῆσθαι νέοις, ὡς Κρῆτες μὲν τοῖς Ἀφαμιώταις Λάκωνες δὲ τοῖς Εἴλωσι· μὴ ἀκριβοῦν δὲ τὰς ἐπιστήμας πλὴν ἰατρικῆς· ἐπί τινων γὰρ κακουργίαν εἶναι τὴν ἐπὶ πλέον ἄσκησιν, οἷον ἐπὶ τῆς πολεμικῆς καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων· δίκην δὲ μὴ εἶναι πλὴν φόνου καὶ ὕβρεως· οὐκ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γὰρ τὸ μὴ παθεῖν ταῦτα, τὰ δʼ ἐν τοῖς συμβολαίοις ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἑκάστῳ, ὥστε ἀνέχεσθαι δεῖ ἐάν τις παραβῇ τὴν πίστιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ προσέχειν ὅτῳ πιστευτέον, καὶ μὴ δικῶν πληροῦν τὴν πόλιν.
But the following are peculiar to them: that they have a kind of Laconian common-mess, where they dine publicly and have meats from the chase; and that they do not use gold or silver, although they have mines; and that instead of slaves they use young men in the flower of their age, as the Cretes do the Aphamiotae and the Laconians the Helots; and that they do not cultivate sciences with accuracy, except medicine; for they hold that too much training in some matters is a form of mischief, as in the case of military science and the like; and that they have no lawsuits except for murder and outrage; for to avoid suffering these is not in one's own power, whereas matters of contract are in each person's own power, so that if anyone violates trust, one must endure it, and also take care to whom to trust, and not fill the city with lawsuits.
§15.1.35ταῦτα μὲν οἱ μετʼ Ἀλεξάνδρου στρατεύσαντες λέγουσιν.
These things are said by those who campaigned with Alexander.
ἐκδέδοται δέ τις καὶ Κρατεροῦ πρὸς τὴν μητέρα Ἀριστοπάτραν ἐπιστολὴ πολλά τε ἄλλα παράδοξα φράζουσα καὶ οὐχ ὁμολογοῦσα οὐδενὶ καὶ δὴ καὶ τὸ μέχρι τοῦ Γάγγου προελθεῖν τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον· αὐτός τέ φησιν ἰδεῖν τὸν ποταμὸν καὶ * κήτη τὰ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ καὶ μέγεθος καὶ πλάτους καὶ βάθους πόρρω πίστεως μᾶλλον ἢ ἐγγύς.
But there is also published a letter from Craterus to his mother Aristopatra, which tells many other marvelous things and agrees with no one, and in particular that Alexander advanced as far as the Ganges; and he says that he himself saw the river and the monsters in it, and a size and a width and a depth rather far from belief than near it.
ὅτι μὲν γὰρ μέγιστος τῶν μνημονευομένων κατὰ τὰς τρεῖς ἠπείρους καὶ μετʼ αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰνδός, τρίτος δὲ καὶ τέταρτος ὁ Ἴστρος καὶ ὁ Νεῖλος, ἱκανῶς συμφωνεῖται· τὰ καθʼ ἕκαστα δʼ ἄλλοι ἄλλως περὶ αὐτοῦ λέγουσιν, οἱ μὲν τριάκοντα σταδίων τοὐλάχιστον πλάτος οἱ δὲ καὶ τριῶν, Μεγασθένης δέ, ὅταν ᾖ μέτριος, καὶ εἰς ἑκατὸν εὐρύνεσθαι, βάθος δὲ εἴκοσιν ὀργυιῶν τοὐλάχιστον.
For that it is the greatest of the mentioned rivers in the three continents, and after it the Indus, and third and fourth the Ister and the Nile, is sufficiently agreed; but details about it are told differently by different men, some saying its width is thirty stadia at least, others even three, but Megasthenes says that when it is moderate it expands even to a hundred, and its depth is twenty orguiae at least.