§15.1.30καὶ τὴν Κάθαιαν δέ τινες τὴν Σωπείθους, τῶν νομαρχῶν τινος, κατὰ τήνδε τὴν μεσοποταμίαν τιθέασιν· ἄλλοι δὲ καὶ τοῦ Ἀκεσίνου πέραν καὶ τοῦ Ὑαρώτιδος, ὅμορον τῇ Πώρου τοῦ ἑτέρου, ὃς ἦν ἀνεψιὸς τοῦ ὑπʼ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἁλόντος· καλοῦσι δὲ Γανδαρίδα τὴν ὑπὸ τούτῳ χώραν.
And some place Cathaea, the land of Sopeithes, one of the nomarchs, in this Mesopotamia [interfluvial region]; but others place it even beyond the Acesines and the Hyarotis, bordering on the country of the other Porus, who was a nephew of the Porus captured by Alexander; and they call the country subject to him Gandarida.
ἐν δὲ τῇ Καθαίᾳ καινότατον ἱστορεῖται τὸ περὶ τοῦ κάλλους ὅτι τιμᾶται διαφερόντως, ὡς ἵππων καὶ κυνῶν· βασιλέα τε γὰρ τὸν κάλλιστον αἱρεῖσθαί φησιν Ὀνησίκριτος, γενόμενόν τε παιδίον μετὰ δίμηνον κρίνεσθαι δημοσίᾳ πότερον ἔχοι τὴν ἔννομον μορφὴν καὶ τοῦ ζῆν ἀξίαν ἢ οὔ, κριθέντα δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀποδειχθέντος ἄρχοντος ζῆν ἢ θανατοῦσθαι· βάπτεσθαί τε πολλοῖς εὐανθεστάτοις χρώμασι τοὺς πώγωνας αὐτοῦ τούτου χάριν καλλωπιζομένους· τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἄλλους ποιεῖν ἐπιμελῶς συχνοὺς τῶν Ἰνδῶν (καὶ γὰρ δὴ φέρειν τὴν χώραν χρόας θαυμαστάς) καὶ θριξὶ καὶ ἐσθῆσι· τοὺς δʼ ἀνθρώπους τὰ ἄλλα μὲν εὐτελεῖς εἶναι φιλοκόσμους δέ.
In Cathaea a most extraordinary thing is told about beauty, namely, that it is exceptionally valued, as in the case of horses and dogs; for Onesicritus says that they choose the most beautiful person as king, and that a newborn child is judged publicly two months after birth as to whether it has the prescribed form and is worthy of living or not, and after being judged by the appointed magistrate, it is allowed to live or is put to death; and that they dye their beards with many most brilliant colors for this very purpose of beautifying themselves; and that many of the other Indians also do this diligently, both in respect to their hair and their garments (for indeed the country produces marvelous dyes); and that the people, though simple in other respects, are fond of ornament.
ἴδιον δὲ τῶν Καθαίων καὶ τοῦτο ἱστορεῖται τὸ αἱρεῖσθαι νυμφίον καὶ νύμφην ἀλλήλους καὶ τὸ συγκατακαίεσθαι τεθνεῶσι τοῖς ἀνδράσι τὰς γυναῖκας κατὰ τοιαύτην αἰτίαν, ὅτι ἐρῶσαί ποτε τῶν νέων ἀφίσταιντο τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἢ φαρμακεύοιεν αὐτούς· νόμον οὖν θέσθαι τοῦτον ὡς παυσομένης τῆς φαρμακείας· οὐ πιθανῶς μὲν οὖν ὁ νόμος οὐδʼ ἡ αἰτία λέγεται.
The following is also reported as a peculiar custom of the Cathaeans: that the bridegroom and the bride choose one another, and that the wives are burned together with their deceased husbands for this reason: because once, being in love with young men, they would abandon their husbands or poison them; therefore they established this law so that the poisoning might cease; now, neither the law nor its cause is related in a plausible manner.
φασὶ δʼ ἐν τῇ Σωπείθους χώρᾳ ὀρυκτῶν ἁλῶν ὄρος εἶναι ἀρκεῖν δυνάμενον ὅλῃ τῇ Ἰνδικῇ· καὶ χρυσεῖα δὲ καὶ ἀργυρεῖα οὐ πολὺ ἄπωθεν ἐν ἄλλοις ὄρεσιν ἱστορεῖται καλά, ὡς ἐδήλωσε Γόργος ὁ μεταλλευτής.
And they say that in the country of Sopeithes there is a mountain of rock-salt capable of sufficing for the whole of India; and rich gold and silver mines are reported in other mountains not far away, as Gorgus the mining expert has shown.
οἱ δʼ Ἰνδοὶ μεταλλείας καὶ χωνείας ἀπείρως ἔχοντες οὐδʼ ὧν εὐποροῦσιν ἴσασιν, ἀλλʼ ἁπλούστερον μεταχειρίζονται τὸ πρᾶγμα.
But the Indians, being inexperienced in mining and smelting, do not even know what they possess in abundance, but handle the matter in a rather simple way.
§15.1.31Ἐν δὲ τῇ Σωπείθους καὶ τὰς τῶν κυνῶν ἀρετὰς διηγοῦνται θαυμαστάς· λαβεῖν γοῦν τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον παρὰ τοῦ Σωπείθους κύνας πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν· διαπείρας δὲ χάριν λέοντι προσαφέντας δύο, κρατουμένων αὐτῶν, δύο ἄλλους ἐπαφεῖναι· τότε δʼ ἤδη καθεστώτων εἰς ἀντίπαλα τὸν μὲν Σωπείθη κελεῦσαι τῶν κυνῶν ἕνα ἀποσπᾶν τοῦ σκέλους τινὰ λαβόμενον, ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ὑπακούῃ ἀποτεμεῖν· τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον δὲ κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν οὐ συγχωρεῖν ἀποτεμεῖν φειδόμενον τοῦ κυνός, εἰπόντος δʼ ὅτι τέτταρας ἀντιδώσω σοι, συγχωρῆσαι καὶ τὸν κύνα περιιδεῖν ἀποτμηθέντα τὸ σκέλος βραδείᾳ τομῇ πρὶν ἀνεῖναι τὸ δῆγμα.
In the country of Sopeithes they also relate the wonderful qualities of their dogs; at any rate, they say that Alexander received one hundred and fifty dogs from Sopeithes; and that for the sake of a trial, when two were let loose against a lion and were being overpowered, he let loose two others; and then, when the fight had already become equal, Sopeithes ordered a man to drag one of the dogs away by taking hold of its leg, and if it did not yield, to cut the leg off; and Alexander at first did not allow the leg to be cut off, sparing the dog, but when Sopeithes said, "I will give you four in its place," he consented, and stood by while the dog had its leg cut off by a slow incision before it would let go its bite.
§15.1.32̔η μὲν οὖν μέχρι τοῦ Ὑδάσπου ὁδὸς τὸ πλέον ἦν ἐπὶ μεσημβρίαν, ἡ δʼ ἐνθένδε πρὸς ἕω μᾶλλον μέχρι τοῦ Ὑπάνιος, ἅπασα δὲ τῆς ὑπωρείας μᾶλλον ἢ τῶν πεδίων ἐχομένη.
Now the road as far as the Hydaspes was for the most part toward the south, but from there to the Hypanis it was more toward the east, though the whole of it kept closer to the foothills of the mountains than to the plains.
ὁ δʼ οὖν Ἀλέξανδρος ἀπὸ τοῦ Ὑπάνιος ἀναστρέψας ἐπὶ τὸν Ὑδάσπην καὶ τὸν ναύσταθμον ἠρτικρότει τὸν στόλον, εἶτʼ ἔπλει τῷ Ὑδάσπῃ.
At all events, Alexander turned back from the Hypanis to the Hydaspes and the shipyard, and refitted his fleet, and then sailed down the Hydaspes.
πάντες δʼ οἱ λεχθέντες ποταμοὶ συμβάλλουσιν εἰς ἕνα τὸν Ἰνδόν, ὕστατος δʼ ὁ Ὕπανις· πεντεκαίδεκα δὲ τοὺς σύμπαντας συρρεῖν φασι τούς γε ἀξιολόγους· πληρωθεὶς δʼ ἐκ πάντων ὥστε καὶ ἐφʼ ἑκατὸν σταδίους, ὡς οἱ μὴ μετριάζοντές φασιν, εὐρύνεσθαι κατά τινας τόπους, ὡς δʼ οἱ μετριώτεροι, πεντήκοντα τὸ πλεῖστον ἐλάχιστον δὲ ἑπτά, ἔπειτα δυσὶ στόμασιν εἰς τὴν νοτίαν ἐκδίδωσι θάλατταν καὶ τὴν Παταληνὴν προσαγορευομένην ποιεῖ νῆσον.
And all the mentioned rivers combine into one, the Indus, the Hypanis being the last; and they say that fifteen rivers in all, at least those of noteworthy size, flow together; and being filled by them all, the Indus expands in some places, as those who do not limit themselves to moderation say, even to a width of one hundred stadia, but as the more moderate say, fifty at most and seven at least; and then it empties by two mouths into the southern sea and forms the island called Patalene.
ταύτην δʼ ἔσχε τὴν διάνοιαν Ἀλέξανδρος, ἀφεὶς τὰ πρὸς ἕω μέρη πρῶτον μὲν διὰ τὸ κωλυθῆναι διαβῆναι τὸν Ὕπανιν, ἔπειτα καὶ ψευδῆ καταμαθὼν τῇ πείρᾳ τὸν προκατέχοντα λόγον ὡς ἔκπυρα εἴη καὶ θηρίοις μᾶλλον οἰκήσιμα τὰ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις ἢ ἀνθρωπείῳ γένει· διόπερ ὥρμησεν ἐπὶ ταῦτα ἀφεὶς ἐκεῖνα, ὥστε καὶ ἐγνώσθη ταῦτα ἀντʼ ἐκείνων ἐπὶ πλέον.
Alexander conceived this purpose [of sailing south], abandoning the eastern parts, first because he was prevented from crossing the Hypanis, and secondly because he had learned by experience that the previously prevailing report was false, which claimed that the parts in the plains were burnt up and more habitable for wild beasts than for the human race; for this reason he set out for these parts, abandoning those, so that these parts, instead of those, became better known.